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HP (Hewlett-Packard) 180 Degree Turn manual

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Table of contents for the manual

  • Page 1

    1 2005/03/11 ( C) Herbe rt Haa s The Ethe rnet Ev olution The 180 Degree Turn[...]

  • Page 2

    2 “Use common s ense in r outing cable. Avoid wrappin g coax around source s of strong electric or m agnetic fields. Do not wrap the cable around flourescent light ballasts or cyclotrons, for exa mple.” E thernet Headsta rt Product, Information and Ins tallat ion Guide, Bell Technologies, pg. 11[...]

  • Page 3

    3 3 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 History : Initi al Idea  Shared media  CS MA/CD as access algorithm  CO A X Ca bles  Half duplex communication  Low latency  No networking nodes (except repeaters)  One collision domain a nd also one broadcast domain 10 M bit/s sha red by 5 hosts  2 Mbit/s ea ch !!! The ini ti al id ea o f E[...]

  • Page 4

    4 4 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Histor y: Multi port Rep eaters  Demand fo r structu red cabl ing (v oice-g rade twist ed- pair)  10BaseT (C at3, Cat 4, ...)  Multipo rt repeater ("Hub ") created  Still one c ollisi on dom ain ("CS M A/CD in a b ox") Later, Eth ern et dev ic es suppo rtin g structu red cabl ing w e[...]

  • Page 5

    5 5 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Histor y: Bridges  Store a nd forw ar ding accor ding des tinati on M AC address  Separa ted c ollisio n domains  Improved netw ork performan ce  Still one broad cast domain Thre e collision domains in this example ! Bridg es were i nvent ed fo r perf orman ce r easo ns. It s eemed t o be i mpra cti cal[...]

  • Page 6

    6 6 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Histor y: S w itches  Switch = Multiport Br idges with HW acceleration  Full duplex  Collision-free Et hernet  No CSM A/CD necessary any more  Different dat a rates at t he same ti me supported  Autonegot iation  VLAN splits LAN into several br oadcast domains 1 0 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s 1 00 Mbit/s [...]

  • Page 7

    7 7 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Today  No coll isions  no d istance li mitation s !  Gigabi t Ethernet beco mes W A N technology !  Over 10 0 km link s pan alre ady  Combine sev eral links to " Etherchannels "  Acts as si ngle link fr om the span ning-tr ee view • Cisco: Port A ggregation Protocol (P A gP) • IEEE 8[...]

  • Page 8

    8 8 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 What About Giga bit H ubs?  Would limit network diameter to 20- 25 meters (Gigabit Ethernet)  Solutio ns  Fram e B ur sti ng  Carri er E xten sio n  No GE-Hubs a v ailable on th e market today  for get it!  No CSM A/CD defined for 10GE ( !) Remember: Hubs simulate a half- duplex coaxial cable i[...]

  • Page 9

    9 9 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 MAC Cont rol Frames  A dditional functiona lity easi ly integrated  Curr en tly o nly Pause-Frame supported preamble FC S MAC-ct rl par amet ers MAC-ctrl op cod e 8808h SA DA 8 bytes 6 6 2 2 44 4 Al w ay s 64 bytes MAC-ctrl op cod e ........... Defines fu nction of control fr ame MAC-ct rl par amet ers .... c[...]

  • Page 10

    10 10 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Auto Ne gotia tion  Enables each t wo Ethernet dev ices to exchange info rmation about the ir capabi lit ies  Signal rate, CSM A /CD, half- or f ull-duplex  Using L ink -Integ rity-Tes t-Pul se-Seq uence  Normal-Link-P ulse (NLP) technique is used in 10BaseT to chec k the link st ate (gre en LED)  [...]

  • Page 11

    11 11 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Fast Link Puls es  Modern Ethernet NICs send bursts of Fast-Link-Pulses (FLP) consisting of 17-33 NLPs for Autonegotiation signa lling  Each representing a 16 bit word  GE sen ds se ver al "pa ge s" A series o f FLPs constitute an autonegotiation frame. The whole frame consists of 33 timeslots,[...]

  • Page 12

    12 12 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 100 Mbit Ethernet O verview Fast Eth ernet 100Base 4T+ Signaling Fast Eth ernet 100BaseX Signaling 100BaseTX 100BaseFX 100BaseT4 (half duplex) 100VG-A nyLA N "100Bas eT" HP and AT&T inventi on for real t ime applicat ions IEEE 80 2.3u Signaling S cheme s IEEE 80 2.12 Demand Prio rity The diagram abo[...]

  • Page 13

    13 13 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 4B/5B Codi ng 4B/5B Encoder/Decoder PM A PCS MII 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 16 code groups 32 code groups 4x 25 Mbit/s 125 MBaud The diagram abov e shows the basic principle of th e 4B5B block coding principl e, which is used by 802.3u and also b y FDDI. The basic ide a is to transform an y arbitrar y 4 bit word into a (r[...]

  • Page 14

    14 14 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Gigabit Ethe rnet Media A ccess Cont rol (MA C) Gigabit M edia Independe nt Interf ace ( GMII) 1000Bas e-X 8B/10B enco der/dec oder 1000Bas e-T encoder /decoder 1000Bas e-LX LWL Fiber Optic 1000Bas e-SX SWL Fiber Optic 1000Bas e-CX Shielded Balanced Copper 1000Bas e-T UTP Cat 5e IEEE 80 2.3z phy si cal lay er IEE[...]

  • Page 15

    15 15 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 GE Signa ling PMA PCS 802.2 LLC 802.3 CSMA /CD 802.3 PHY FC-4 upper lay er mappin g FC-3 comm on servic es FC-2 signalling FC-0 interface and me dia FC-1 enco der/de coder IEEE 80 2.2 LLC CSMA/CD or full dupl ex MAC PMD IEEE 80 2.3 Ethernet ANSI X 3T11 Fibre Chan nel IEEE 80 2.3z Gigabit Ethernet Reconcili ation [...]

  • Page 16

    16 16 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 GE 8B/1 0B C oding 8B/10B Encoder/Decoder PM A PCS GMII 256 code groups 1024 code groups 8x 125 Mbit/s 125 million code groups per second 1250 Mbaud 1 Only used by 1000Bas eX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8B10B block coding is ver y similar to 4B5B bloc k coding but allows full y balanced 10-bit codewords. Ac[...]

  • Page 17

    17 17 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 1000BaseX  T wo different waveleng ths suppor ted  Full duplex only  1000Ba se-SX: short w ave, 85 0 nm MMF  1000Ba se-LX: long wa ve, 1300 nm M M F or SMF  1000Base-C X:  Twinax C able (hi gh qualit y 150 O hm bal anced shielded copper c able)  About 25 m di stance li mit, DB-9 or th e newer[...]

  • Page 18

    18 18 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 1000BaseT  Defined by 802.3ab t ask force  UTP  Uses all 4 line pair s simulta neousl y for duplex transmission ! (echo cancellation)  5 level PAM coding • 4 lev els encode 2 bits + extra lev el used for Forward Error Corre ction ( FEC)  Signal rate: 4 x 125 Mbaud = 4 x 25 0Mbit/s data rate • C[...]

  • Page 19

    19 19 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Several Physical Media S upported Logical Link C ontrol LLC MAC Control (optio nal) Media Access Control M AC PLS AUI P MA (MA U ) MDI Medi um Reconciliation Reconciliation Reconciliat ion PCS PM A PMD GMII MDI PLS AUI PM A MII MDI PCS PM A PMD MII MDI Medi um Medi um Med ium Data Link La yer PHY 1-10 Mbit/s 10 M[...]

  • Page 20

    20 20 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 10 Gigabit Ethernet / IEEE 802.3ae  Only optical support  850nm (MM) / 1310nm /1550 n m (SM only )  No copper P HY anymore !  Different implementation s at the moment – standardizat ion not finished!  8B/10B (I BM), SO NET/SDH suppo rt, …  XAUI ("Z owie") i nstead o f GMII 10 GE on[...]

  • Page 21

    21 21 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Note  GE and 10GE use synchronous physical sublay er !!!  Recommendation: Don't use GE ov er copper w ires  Radiation/ EMI  Grounding p r oblems  High BER  Thick cab le bund les (especia lly C at-7) Both GE and 10GE are synchronous ph y sical t echnologies on fib er. It not recommended to u[...]

  • Page 22

    22 22 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Summar y  Ethernet evolv ed in the opposite di rection:  Collision free  W A N qualified  Switched  Seve ral coding sty les  Comp lex PH Y architectu re  Plug & play through autonegot iation  Much si mpler than A TM but no BISDN solution – might change![...]

  • Page 23

    23 23 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Quizz  Why tends high-spee d Ethernet to synchronous PHY?  Can I attach a 100 Mbit/s port to a 1000 Mbit/s port vi a fiber?  What is the idea of Etherchannels? (Maximum bit rate, difference to multip le par all el lin ks)[...]

  • Page 24

    24 24 (C) Herbe rt Haa s 2005/03/11 Hints  Q1: On fiber its difficult to deal with asynchronous transmission, phot ons cannot be buffered easily, store and forward problems  Q2: No, autonegotiation on fiber does not care for data rat es  Q3: "normal" parallel li nks w ould be disabled by STP, Etherchan nel supports up to 8 links[...]