RCA CDP18S711 manual

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RCA COSMAC VIP CDP18S711 Instruction Manual RCA Solid State Division, Somerville, N. J. 08876 Copyright 1978 by RCA Corporation (All rights reserved under Pan- American Copyright Convention) Printed in USA/2-78 VIP-311[...]

ACKNOWLEDGMENT COSMAC VIP has been cr eated by Joe Weisbeck er of the RCA Laboratories, Princeton, N.J. so that every one can have fun and useful personal compute r experiences. The elegant and simple hardware system design and the powerful video output together with the customized CHIP-8 language interpreter constitute a fr esh and promising appro[...]

Contents I. Getting Started ............................................................................................................. ...... 5 What This Manu al Covers ................................................................................................. 5 The Power Supply .............................................................[...]

Contents (Continued) Appendix B - Oper atin g System ................................................................................................. 33 Operating Syst em Listing ................................................................................................. 33 Operating System Re gis ter Table ...................................[...]

1 1. Getting Started COSMAC VIP (Video Interface Processor) CDP18S711 is a complete computer on a single printed-circuit card . It includes the following: *RCA CDP18 02 Microprocessor (91 in structions) *2048-byte RA M *Built-in hex keyboard (modern reliable touchp ad type) *Graphic video displ ay interface (standa rd video output) *100-byte- per-s[...]

6 CHIP-8 incl udes a real tim e clock, rand om number generator, decimal conversion, an d digit or graphic display capab ility. It only uses 51 2 bytes of RAM leaving over 102 4 bytes for p rograms in a 2048-byte system . (You can get an additional 2048 bytes of RAM by plugging f our more R AM chips i nto your card .) With the aid of th e User Manu[...]

After completing the above set- u p procedure, you are ready to enter and ru n programs on your COSMAC VIP. The COSMAC VIP operating system , explained in the next section, permits y ou to load programs into mem ory from the hex key board, ve rify them, an d record them on cassettes for later reuse. 1. Getting Started 7 What You See You must now de[...]

11. COSMAC VIP Operation COSMAC VIP is operated with the RUN switch and hex keyboar d. The PWR light sho ws that powe r is on. The Q light is activated by various programs. A tone is sounded when ever the Q light is on. The TAPE light glows when cassette input d ata is present. When using COSMAC VIP, always start with the RUN switch in the down (or[...]

10 contained in t he last 256-byt e page of the on-card RAM. If you have a 2048- byte RAM, you are seeing locations 0700-7FF on the screen. Bit 7 of th e byte at 0700 is in the upper left comer. Try st oring a sequence of eight AA bytes followed by eight 55 bytes starting at location 0700. Kee p repeating t his seque nce to dra w a checkerboard pat[...]

After record ing and checking a progr am cassette, you can break out the tabs at the top of the cassette to prevent accidental erasure. In the even t you wish to record on a cassette after you have broken ou t the tabs, you can do so simply by pasting tape ov er the tab holes. You can record and keep your own cassette software library starting with[...]

III. CHIP-8 Language Programming CHIP-8 is an easy-t o-learn programm ing language that lets you write your own progr ams. To use the CHIP-8 languag e, you m ust first sto re the 512-byte CHIP-8 languag e pro gram at mem ory locations 0000 t o 01FF. The CH IP-8 lang uage program is shown in Appendix C in hex form so you can enter it directly in mem[...]

14 Table I - CHIP-8 Instructions RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual Instruction Operation 1MMM Go to 0MMM BMMM Go to 0MMM + V0 2MMM Do subroutine at 0MMM (must end with 00EE) 00EE Return from subroutine 3XKK Skip next instruction if VX = KK 4XKK Skip next instruction if VX n.e. KK 5XY0 Skip next instruction if VX = VY 9XY0 Skip next instruction if V[...]

When a pattern is d isplayed, it is compared with any pattern already on the screen. If a 1 bit in your ,p attern matches a I bit already on the scree n, then a 0 bit will b e shown at this spot position an d VF will be set 1,6 it value of 01. You can test VF following a DXTN instruction to determine if your pattern III. CHIP-8 Language Programming[...]

16 RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual touched any part of a previousl y displaye d pattern . This feature perm its program ming vide o games which req uire knowing if one movin g pattern t ouches or hits an other pattern. Because trying to display two I spots at the sam e position on the screen results in a 0 spot, you can use the DXYN instruction t[...]

111. CHIP-8 Language Programming 17 lose the CHIP-8 interpreter and will ha ve to reload it. You can insert stoppi ng points in your pr ogram for debugging p urposes. S uppose you wa nt to stop and examine variables when your program reaches the instruction at 0260. Just wr ite a 1260 instruction at location 0260. Flip RUN down an d use operating s[...]

18 25. PROGRAMMED SP OT - Introduce children to programming concepts by lettin g them preprogram the movem ents of a spot or object on the screen. RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual The next section will discuss machine language programmi ng. You can e ven combine machine language subroutines with CHIP-8 programs if desired.[...]

19 IV. Machine Language Programming VIP Machine Coding For a complete description of machine language instructions, refer to the User Manual for the CDP1802 COSMAC Microprocessor MPM201A . Your COSMAC VIP computer i n corporates the following special machine-language input and outpu t instructions: CODE OPERATION 69 6B 61 62 63 64 Turn displ ay on [...]

20 The CHIP-8 language desc ribed in t he previous section, permits machine language subroutines to be called with a 0MMM instruction. A D4 machine language instruction at the end of t he machine language subroutine returns control to the CHIP-8 instruction following the 0MMM instru ction. In Appendix C, the CDP1802 regi ster use for the CHIP8 la n[...]

21 V. Logic Description A comple te set of logic diagrams is provided in Appendix E. Pow er requi rement s for a system with 2048 bytes of RAM is 5 V DC at 350 mA. If you wish to expand the sy stem you can use your ow n higher curre nt power sup ply. This system is designed arou nd the CDP18 02 microprocessor Wfl. Refer to the CDP1802 d ata sheet a[...]

pressed. A 62 machine inst ruction causes the least significant 4 bit s of mem ory byte to be latched i nto U13. These 4 bits are decode d to bring one of the 16 U13 output lines lo w. If the key that corresponds to this output line is pr essed, th e CDPI802 EF3 input will go low. The 4-bit codes latch ed into U13 correspond to th e equivalent key [...]

V1. Expansion Considerations and Connections The COSMAC VIP was design ed primarily as a self-contained graphic system for home use. Enough RAM and input /output feat ures are provi ded for years of computer fu n without adding a nything to your system . If, however, you do want to exp and your system, a variety of features ha ve been incl uded to [...]

24 A single photocel l input could be pr ovided via the buffered EF 4 line. Yo u can attach the photocell directly between t he L and Z pads . Experim entally adjust the pull-up resi stor on pad L for best operation. No photocell amplifier should be required to drive the COS/MOS input. An, ex ternally supplied positive pulse- on. Pins 2_and 14 of U[...]

I Pin Signal Description Negative-going memory-write pulse Early timing pulse for M address clocking, etc. Memory address lines. High-order address byte appears on these lines during TPA time., followed by low-order address byte 8-bit, 2-way tri-state data bus Low for memory read machine cycles Chip select for operating system Optional power for ex[...]

26 Some possibl e applications for expanded systems include: 1. Count ing packages, parts, cars, o r people via 9. photocell or switch i nput. 2. Composing poetry or pictures wi th printer out put. 3. Video t arget gam es using ph otocell light gun. 4. Monitor burglar alarm switches. 5. Monitor water level and temperature in fish tank and regulate [...]

VIL Troubleshooting Hints This section is ai med at hel ping you diagnose and fi x hardware problems should t hey occur. First, check all IC's to make sure they are prop erly inserted in the PC card. An IC inserted in the wrong direction can be permanently dam aged. Chec k that the +5 V DC supply voltage ri pple does n ot exceed 0.2 volt. Visu[...]

28 up with key C down. With RUN up, check bus and address lines to see if any look different from the others. They will, of course, be at different leve ls or bouncing around but y ou might spot som ething suspici ous that would indicate a short or op en for one of these lines. Try operating with on ly a 1024-byte RAM (U16 and U17). Tr y the other [...]

29 Appendix A - Test and Operating Data Byte Pattern for Displaying "COSMAC" The followin g figure s hows how the word "COSM AC" would be formed by spots (o r bits) on th e display screen. The following bytes when loaded into memory will cause the word "COSMAC" to be shown on the display i n a 2048-byt e RAM syst em. S[...]

30 Cassette Attachment Diagram RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual Cassette Phase Test For best results your cassette record er should not reverse the phas e of an inp ut signal on playback. When playing bac k a tape rec orded on an other recorde r, it should not reverse the phase of the outp ut signal. You may have to reverse the intern al head conn[...]

Appendix A - Test and Operating Data Cassette Data Test Load the following machine lan guage program into memory: 0000 90 B6 B3 F8 33 A6 F8 OA 0008 A3 D3 F8 6F AC F8 40 B9 0010 93 F6 DC 29 99 3A 10 F8 0018 10 A7 F8 08 A9 06 B7 F8 0020 80 FE DC 97 F6 B7 DC 29 0028 89 3A 23 17 87 F6 DC 30 0030 17 30 31 35 00 00 00 00 Rewind a blank cassette and put r[...]

0000 90 B1 B2 B3 F8 17 A3 D3 0008 42 70 22 78 22 52 C4 C4 0010 C4 94 80 91 AO 30 08 F8 0018 0A Al F8 7F A2 E2 69 F8 0020 04 B4 F8 00 A4 94 B7 84 0028 A7 7A E2 F8 00 A5 F8 FF 0030 A6 85 57 94 BA 84 AA 8A 0038 52 87 F3 3A 45 9A 52 97 0040 F3 3A 45 30 47 86 5A 1A 0048 9A 52 94 FC 04 F3 3A 37 0050 07 52 85 F3 3A 6C F8 FF 0058 A5 93 A6 31 60 7B 30 31 00[...]

33 Appendix B - Operating System Operating System Listing The following shows the machine language code for the ROM operating system. ROM is addressed at 8000-81FF. This listing can be used to v erify the contents of t he ROM i f require d. 8000 F8 80 B2 F8 08 A2 E2 D2 8008 64 00 62 0C F8 FF Al F8 8010 0F B1 F8 AA 51 01 FB AA 8018 32 22 91 FF 04 3B[...]

34 Operating System Register Tabl e RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual Memory Register Memory Register Address Byte Address Byte, 0XB0 0XC0 0XB1 0XC1 0XB2 0XC2 0XB3 R3.0 0XC3 R3.1 0XB4 R4.0 0XC4 R4.1 0XB5 R5.0 0XC5 R5.1 0XB6 R6.0 0XC6 R6.1 0XB7 R7.0 0XC7 R7.1 0XB8 R&0 0XC8 R8.1 0XB9 R9.0 0XC9 R9.1 0XBA RA.0 0XCA RA.1 0XBB RB.0 0XCB RB.1 0XBC RC.[...]

Appendix C - CHIP-8 Interpreter CHIP-8 Interpreter Listing 35 To use the CHIP-8 language you must first load th e following interpreter program into memory locations 0000- 0IFF (2 pages). This interpreter will allow you to run the games in Appendix D or write your own program s using t he CHIP-8 in struction set described in section III. 0100 00 00[...]

36 RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual CHIP-8 Memory Map CDP1802 Register Use for CHIP-8 Interpreter R0 = DMA pointer (page 0X for display refresh) R1 = INTERRUPT routine program counter R2 = Stack pointer R3 = INTERPRETER subroutine program counter R4 = CALL subroutine program counter R5 = CHIP-8 instru ction program counter R6 = VX pointer (R6.1 mu[...]

Appendix C - CHIP-8 Interpreter 37 CHIP-8/Operating System Sta ndard Digit Display Format[...]

CHIP-8 User Notes 1 Do not use any of the CDP1802 three-cycle machine language instru ctions in CHIP-8 programs. 2. CDP1802 R5 is used as the CHIP-8 instruction counter. It will he addressing the byte following a 0MMM instruction for machin e language subroutines and can be used to pass 2-byte parameters. Refer to the operating system register tabl[...]

A This Appendix contains program listings for twenty video games. These games, which illustrate en- tertainment applications of COSMAC VIP, were developed by Joe Weisbecke r (games, 1 through 8), Joyce Weisbecker (game s 9 and 10), Jef Winsor (games 11, 12, and 13), Tom Chen (games 14,15, and 16), and Phil Baltzer (game s 17 through 20). 39 In the [...]

40 1. VIP Kaleidoscope This program uses the CHIP-8 INTERPRETER at 0000-01FF. Fou r spots a ppear in a g roup at the ce nter of the screen. Press keys 2, 4, 6, or 8 to create a pattern. Keep your patter n smaller than 138 key depres sions. Push key 0 to terminate pattern RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual entry. Pushing key 0 caus es your pattern to[...]

Appendix D - Video Games 2. VIP Video Display Drawing Game This program uses the CHIP-8 INTERPRETER at 0000-01FF. A flashing spot appears in th e upper left corner of the screen. You ca n move the spot by holding key 2, 4, 6, or 8. Press key 5 and you can draw a pictu re with the spot. Pre ss key 0 and the sp ot can be m oved without drawing o r us[...]

67 Appendix E - Logic Diagrams Fig. E-1 Microprocesso r and Display Interface Circuits Fig. E-2 ROM C ircuits and Expansion In terface Fig. E-3 K eyboard, Decodi ng, Audio Osc illator, and Cassette Interface Circuits Fig. E-4 RAM Circuits Fig. E-5 Power Supply Circ uit and Byte Input/Output Interface[...]

68 RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual Fig. E-1 - Microprocessor and Display Interface Circuits[...]

Fig. E-2 - ROM Circuits and Expansion Interfa ce Appendix E - Logic Diagrams 69[...]

70 RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual Fig. E-3 - Keyboard, Decodi ng, Audio Oscillator, and Cassette Interface Circuits[...]

Appendix E - Logic Diagram's 71 Fig. E-4 - RAM Circuits[...]

Fig. E-5 - Power Supply Circuit and Byte Input/Output I nterface 72 RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manuel[...]

Fig. E-5 - Power Supply Circult and Byte Input/Output I nterface 72 RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual[...]

73 Appendix F - Board Layout, Parts List, and Expansion Notes 1. Printed Circuit Bo ard Layout 2 . Part s Li s t f o r R C A COS MA C V IP C DP18 S7 11[...]

74 , RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual[...]

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Appendix F - Board Layout, Parts List, and Assembly Instructions -76 2. Parts List for RCA COSMAC VIP CDP18S711 Type Number Qty. Description Integrated Circuits - Supplied CDP1802 Ul 1 COSMAC Microprocessor CDPI 861 U2 1 Video Interface SN74L00N U3 1 Quad NAND Low Power SN7474N U4 1 Dual D-Type Flip-Flop CD4049 U5 1 Hex Inverting Buffer CD4013 U6 1[...]

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76 RCA COSMAC VIP Instruction Manual 2. Parts List for RCA COSM AC VIP CDP18S711 (Continued) Type Number Qty. Description Resistors - Suppli ed (1 /4 W except as noted ) RI 1 3 .3 K oh m R3 R5 RIS Rl6, R33 7 10 K ohm R39, R40 R2, R17 2 1 K ohm R6-RI4 R19, R20 R22-R30, R36 28 22 K ohm R41-R47 R18, R21 2 100 ohm R31, R32 R37, R38 470 ohm R50 R34 1 10[...]

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regulator IC) to the card together with an appropriate heat sink. Make sure the U28 lea d pads on t he PC DC card don't touch the heat sink. Disc onnect the +5 V supply at the + V DC and GND pads and con nect your unregulated 8-10 V DC power supply to these pads. This on-card regulator will handle up to I ampere of current and i s useful fo r [...]