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What is an instruction?
The term originates from the Latin word „instructio”, which means organizing. Therefore, in an instruction of Siemens 4A21 one could find a process description. An instruction's purpose is to teach, to ease the start-up and an item's use or performance of certain activities. An instruction is a compilation of information about an item/a service, it is a clue.
Unfortunately, only a few customers devote their time to read an instruction of Siemens 4A21. A good user manual introduces us to a number of additional functionalities of the purchased item, and also helps us to avoid the formation of most of the defects.
What should a perfect user manual contain?
First and foremost, an user manual of Siemens 4A21 should contain:
- informations concerning technical data of Siemens 4A21
- name of the manufacturer and a year of construction of the Siemens 4A21 item
- rules of operation, control and maintenance of the Siemens 4A21 item
- safety signs and mark certificates which confirm compatibility with appropriate standards
Why don't we read the manuals?
Usually it results from the lack of time and certainty about functionalities of purchased items. Unfortunately, networking and start-up of Siemens 4A21 alone are not enough. An instruction contains a number of clues concerning respective functionalities, safety rules, maintenance methods (what means should be used), eventual defects of Siemens 4A21, and methods of problem resolution. Eventually, when one still can't find the answer to his problems, he will be directed to the Siemens service. Lately animated manuals and instructional videos are quite popular among customers. These kinds of user manuals are effective; they assure that a customer will familiarize himself with the whole material, and won't skip complicated, technical information of Siemens 4A21.
Why one should read the manuals?
It is mostly in the manuals where we will find the details concerning construction and possibility of the Siemens 4A21 item, and its use of respective accessory, as well as information concerning all the functions and facilities.
After a successful purchase of an item one should find a moment and get to know with every part of an instruction. Currently the manuals are carefully prearranged and translated, so they could be fully understood by its users. The manuals will serve as an informational aid.
Table of contents for the manual
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Works-in-Progress package Version 2.0 For the SIEMENS Magnetom under V A21B Installation and User’s Guid e NUMARIS/4A21 April 4t h, 2003 Section of Medic al Ph ysics , Universit y Hospit al Fre iburg, G erm any Contact: Oliver Spec k PhD, H ugstet terstr. 55, D 79106 Fre iburg, em ail: oliver.s peck @uniklin ik-f reiburg.de , phone : +49 7 61 270[...]
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Multi-Echo EPI Page 2 of 9 Numaris/ 4 VA21B Table of Conte nts 1 Basic principl es ................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Principle o f Multi-Echo EPI ........................................................................... 3 1.2 Image c ontras t of Multi- Echo EPI ................[...]
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Multi-Echo EPI Page 3 of 9 Numaris/ 4 VA21B 1 Basic principl es 1.1 Principle of M ulti-Echo EPI The basic ti ming sche me of Multi- Echo EP I is show n in Fig ure 1. It is based on th e orig inal EPI seq uence propos ed by Mans fiel d (1). A fter a sing le RF -ex citation, n complete EPI imag es are acq uired i n a si ngl e shot. Th e phas e gradi[...]
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Multi-Echo EPI Page 4 of 9 Numaris/ 4 VA21B 1.2 Image contrast of Multi-Ec ho EPI The signal intensity of the singl e echo images o f the Multi-Ech o EPI sequenc e is simply given by : *) 2 / exp( 0 T TE S S − = wher e S0 is the signal i ntensity at echo ti me 0, w hich corresponds to the pr oton density for long repe tition ti mes TR , and TE i [...]
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Multi-Echo EPI Page 5 of 9 Numaris/ 4 VA21B 3. O. Speck, T. Ernst , L. Chang . Bi-ex ponentia l modeling of multi gradient ec ho data of the brain. Mag n. Reson. M ed. 45( 6), 111 6-112 1 (2001) 4. O. Speck, J. Hennig. Motion Correction of Parametric fMRI Da ta from Mu lti- Slice Sing le-Sho t Mult i-Echo Acq uisitions, M agn. Reson . Med. 4 6(5): [...]
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Multi-Echo EPI Page 6 of 9 Numaris/ 4 VA21B[...]
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Multi-Echo EPI Page 7 of 9 Numaris/ 4 VA21B 3 Sequen ces an d Pro tocol s 3.1 General Remark s Since the sequenc e i s deriv ed fro m the s tand ard EP I seq uence, most o f the user inter face and featur es ar e identical to this method . Due t o the lar ge number o f imag es created in a shor t time, the i mages are sav ed to the d atabase in t h[...]
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Multi-Echo EPI Page 8 of 9 Numaris/ 4 VA21B Separate Correction : In the so urce c ode o f the sequ ence car d a n ew parameter ‘Separa te Corr ection’ has be en intr oduc ed. I f this para meter is enabl ed (duri ng compilati on) each echo i mage is preceded by a new set o f navi gators us ed for th e Nyqui st ghost corr ection by the r econst[...]
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Multi-Echo EPI Page 9 of 9 Numaris/ 4 VA21B t-Test : The online t-test and di splay w ork as in the ori ginal EPI sequence. How ev er, the t-test only works properly when motion correction is select ed ! Altern atively, T2*-Maps can be proc essed w ithin the B OLD -card. 3.3 Remarks on reconstr ucti on perf orma nce The number of imag es that c an [...]