Sony CCD-TRV112 manual

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56

Go to page of

A good user manual

The rules should oblige the seller to give the purchaser an operating instrucion of Sony CCD-TRV112, along with an item. The lack of an instruction or false information given to customer shall constitute grounds to apply for a complaint because of nonconformity of goods with the contract. In accordance with the law, a customer can receive an instruction in non-paper form; lately graphic and electronic forms of the manuals, as well as instructional videos have been majorly used. A necessary precondition for this is the unmistakable, legible character of an instruction.

What is an instruction?

The term originates from the Latin word „instructio”, which means organizing. Therefore, in an instruction of Sony CCD-TRV112 one could find a process description. An instruction's purpose is to teach, to ease the start-up and an item's use or performance of certain activities. An instruction is a compilation of information about an item/a service, it is a clue.

Unfortunately, only a few customers devote their time to read an instruction of Sony CCD-TRV112. A good user manual introduces us to a number of additional functionalities of the purchased item, and also helps us to avoid the formation of most of the defects.

What should a perfect user manual contain?

First and foremost, an user manual of Sony CCD-TRV112 should contain:
- informations concerning technical data of Sony CCD-TRV112
- name of the manufacturer and a year of construction of the Sony CCD-TRV112 item
- rules of operation, control and maintenance of the Sony CCD-TRV112 item
- safety signs and mark certificates which confirm compatibility with appropriate standards

Why don't we read the manuals?

Usually it results from the lack of time and certainty about functionalities of purchased items. Unfortunately, networking and start-up of Sony CCD-TRV112 alone are not enough. An instruction contains a number of clues concerning respective functionalities, safety rules, maintenance methods (what means should be used), eventual defects of Sony CCD-TRV112, and methods of problem resolution. Eventually, when one still can't find the answer to his problems, he will be directed to the Sony service. Lately animated manuals and instructional videos are quite popular among customers. These kinds of user manuals are effective; they assure that a customer will familiarize himself with the whole material, and won't skip complicated, technical information of Sony CCD-TRV112.

Why one should read the manuals?

It is mostly in the manuals where we will find the details concerning construction and possibility of the Sony CCD-TRV112 item, and its use of respective accessory, as well as information concerning all the functions and facilities.

After a successful purchase of an item one should find a moment and get to know with every part of an instruction. Currently the manuals are carefully prearranged and translated, so they could be fully understood by its users. The manuals will serve as an informational aid.

Table of contents for the manual

  • Page 1

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Model No. CCD- Model No. AC- Serial No. Serial No. Video Camera Recor der Operating Instructions Before operating the unit, please read this manual thoroughly, and retain it for future reference. Owner’s record The model and serial numbers are located on the bottom. Record the serial number in th[...]

  • Page 2

    2 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN CAUTION : TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NO USER-SERVICEABLE P ARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING T O QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL. CAUTION Note: In some areas the disposal of nickel-cadmium batteries in household or business trash[...]

  • Page 3

    3 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Before you begin T able of contents Before you begin Using this manual ................................... 4 Checking suppllied accessories ............ 5 Getting started Charging and installing the battery pack ..................................................... 6 Inserting a cassette ........[...]

  • Page 4

    4 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E CINEMA Mode r Steady Shot r r Zoom (X) 26X (Digital) 26X (Digital) 52X (Digital) The instructions in this manual are for the five models listed below. Before you start reading this manual and operating the unit, check your model number by looking at the bottom of your camcorder. The CCD-TRV12 is [...]

  • Page 5

    5 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Before you begin 12 45 7 3 6 Check that the following accessories are supplied with your camcorder. 1 Wireless Remote Commander (1) (p. 17, 51) 2 NP-33 Battery Pack (1) (p. 6) 3 CR2025 Lithium Battery (1) (p. 31) Already installed in the camcorder. 4 A/V connecting cable (1) (p. 29) 8 Contents of[...]

  • Page 6

    6 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E LCD open 2) LCD close NP-C65 105 NP-68 125 NP-78 170 NP-98/98D 215 NP-33(supplied) 60 Battery pack Charging time*(min) Charging Time Getting started Charging and installing the battery pack * Approximate minutes to charge an empty battery pack using the supplied AC power adaptor. (Lower temperatu[...]

  • Page 7

    7 Getting started CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 1 2 NP-78 175 (95) 220 (120) 180 NP-98/98D 220 (110) 300 (160) 220 NP-60D 95 (50) 125 (70) 95 NP-C65 100 (50) 150 (80) 100 NP-80/80D 190 (100) 250 (135) 190 NP-68/66H 135 (70) 170 (95) 135 NP-33(supplied) 65 (30) 85 (40) 65 LCD open 2) LCD close 1) Approximate continuous recording[...]

  • Page 8

    8 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E EJECT PUSH To remove the battery pack Slide BATT, and then pull the lower part of the battery pack. Charging and installing the battery pack 1 2 Inserting a cassette Make sure that a power source is installed. (1) While pressing the small blue button, slide EJECT in the direction of the arrow. Th[...]

  • Page 9

    9 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Basic operations Make sure that a power source and a cassette is inserted and that the START/STOP MODE switch inside the LCD panel is set to . When you use the camcorder for the first time, power on it and reset the date and time to your time (p. 33) before you start recording. The date is automa[...]

  • Page 10

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 10 Note on standby mode If you leave the camcorder for 5 minutes or more with a cassette inserted in Standby mode, the camcorder goes off automatically. This prevents wearing down the battery and wearing out the tape. To resume Standby mode, turn STANDBY down once and turn it up again. To start rec[...]

  • Page 11

    11 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Basic operations Notes on the tape counter • The tape counter indicates the recording or playback time. Use it as a guide. There will be a time lag of several seconds from the actual time. To set the counter to zero, press COUNTER RESET. • If the tape is recorded in SP and LP modes mixed, th[...]

  • Page 12

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 12 1 2 90˚ 210˚ BRIGHT 90˚ Camera recording Zooming speed (Variable speed zooming) Turn the power zoom lever fully for a high-speed zoom. Turn it lightly for a relatively slow zoom. When you shoot a subject using a telephoto zoom If you cannot get a sharp focus while in extreme telephoto zoom, m[...]

  • Page 13

    13 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Basic operations To let the subject monitor the shot Turn the LCD panel over (p.21). Notes on the LCD panel • When closing the LCD panel, turn it vertically until it clicks [a] . • When turning the LCD panel, turn it always vertically; otherwise, the camcorder body may be damaged or the LCD [...]

  • Page 14

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 14 Hints for better shooting • You can record in a low position to get an interesting recording angle. Lift the viewfinder up for recording from a low position [a] . • While recording in a low position, you can use the START/STOP button on the top of the camcorder or the power zoom button locat[...]

  • Page 15

    15 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Basic operations Œ 2 1 3 L S T A N D B Y O C K EDITSEARCH Œ Œ CAMERA PLAYER OFF Using EDITSEARCH, you can review the last recorded scene or check the recorded picture in the viewfinder. You can also review the picture on the LCD screen. (1) While pressing the small green button on the POWER s[...]

  • Page 16

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 16 VOLUME CAMERA PLAYER OFF You can monitor the playback picture on the LCD screen. (1) While pressing the small green button on the POWER switch, set it to PLAYER. (2) Insert the recorded tape with the window facing out. (3) While pressing PUSH OPEN, open the LCD panel. Adjust the angle of the LCD[...]

  • Page 17

    17 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Basic operations When watching on the LCD screen You can turn the LCD panel over and move back to the camcorder with the LCD screen facing out. [a] You can change the angle of the LCD panel. [b] 30˚ Using the Remote Commander You can control playback using the supplied Remote Commander. Before [...]

  • Page 18

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 18 Playing back a tape You can go to the end of the recorded portion after you record and play back the tape to make the transition between the last scene you recorded and the next scene smooth. The tape starts rewinding or fast-forwarding and the last 5 seconds play back if the tape was recorded i[...]

  • Page 19

    19 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Advanced operations Accessory to be used Supplied AC power adaptor Battery pack (Ni-Cd type) Battery case (supplied) except CCD-TRV112/TRV212 Sony DC pack DCP-77 Power source House current Battery pack Size AA (LR 6) Alkaline battery 12 V or 24 V car battery 1 3 2 This mark indicates that this p[...]

  • Page 20

    20 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E CCD-TRV22/TRV33/TRV212 105 (55) 150 (80) 105 Notes on the POWER lamp • The POWER lamp will remain lit for a while even if the unit is unplugged after use. This is normal. • If the POWER lamp does not light, set the selector to VTR (DC OUT) and disconnect the power cord. After about one minut[...]

  • Page 21

    21 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Advanced operations Notes • The above battery lives are estimates. The battery life may be shorter depending on the storage condition of the battery before being purchased and temperature. • You may not use the battery case in cold environment. To remove the battery case The battery case is [...]

  • Page 22

    22 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Before you start recording or during recording, press DATE(+) or TIME(NEXT). You can record the date or time displayed on the LCD screen or in the viewfinder with the picture. You cannot record the date and time at the same time. Except for the date or time indicator, no indicator on the LCD scr[...]

  • Page 23

    23 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Advanced operations Shooting with backlighting When you shoot a subject with the light source behind the subject or a subject with a light background, use the BACK LIGHT function. Press BACK LIGHT. The indicator appears in the viewfinder or on the LCD screen. [a] Subject is too dark because of b[...]

  • Page 24

    24 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Using the PROGRAM AE function You can select from three PROGRAM AE (Auto Exposure) modes to suit your shooting situation. When you use PROGRAM AE, you can capture high-speed action or night views. Selecting the best mode Select the best mode by using the following examples. å Sports mode • Ou[...]

  • Page 25

    25 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Advanced operations Selecting the ST ART/STOP mode Your camcorder has two modes besides normal start/stop mode. These modes enable you to take a series of quick shots resulting in a lively video, or to avoid recording unnecessary scenes resulting from failing to turn off the camcorder. (1) While[...]

  • Page 26

    26 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E You can select from nine preset titles to superimpose it on the picture during recording. Each time you press TITLE, the preset titles appear one by one. To superimpose from the beginning (1) Set the POWER switch to CAMERA. (2) Turn STANDBY up. (3) While pressing PUSH OPEN, open the LCD panel. ([...]

  • Page 27

    27 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Advanced operations [b] [a] [c] – CCD-TRV22/TRV33/TRV212 only You can use the Steady Shot to compensate for camera-shake. Do not use the Steady Shot when shooting a stationary object with a tripod. (1) While pressing PUSH OPEN, open the LCD panel. (2) Set STEADY SHOT to ON. Using the STEADY SH[...]

  • Page 28

    28 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Changing the mode settings You can change the mode settings to further enjoy the features and functions. (1) While pressing PUSH OPEN, open the LCD panel. You will find the mode switches. (2) Set the mode switches to the desired mode. Selecting the mode setting of each item COMMANDER <ON/OFF&[...]

  • Page 29

    29 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Advanced operations W atching on a TV screen Connect the camcorder to your VCR or TV to watch the playback picture on the TV screen. When monitoring the playback picture by connecting the camcorder to your TV, we recommend you to use the house current for the power source. While playing back on [...]

  • Page 30

    30 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Editing onto another tape You can create your own video program by editing with any other h 8 mm, H Hi8, j VHS, k S-VHS,  VHSC, K S-VHSC, l Betamax or ¬ ED Betamax VCR that has video/audio inputs. Turn down the volume of the camcorder while editing. Otherwise, picture distortion may occur. A[...]

  • Page 31

    31 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Additional information Your camcorder is supplied with a lithium battery installed. When the battery becomes weak or dead, the I indicator flashes in the viewfinder or on the LCD screen for about 5 seconds when you set the POWER switch to CAMERA. In this case, replace the battery with a Sony CR2[...]

  • Page 32

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 32 Changing the lithium battery When replacing the lithium battery, keep the battery pack or other power source attached. Otherwise, you will need to reset the date and time. (1) Open the lid of the lithium battery compartment. (2) Push the battery in once and pull it out from the holder. (3) Insta[...]

  • Page 33

    33 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Additional information S T A N D B Y CAMERA PLAYER OFF Reset the date and time using the DATE(+) and TIME(NEXT) buttons. (1) Set the POWER switch to CAMERA. (2) Turn STANDBY up. (3) While pressing PUSH OPEN, open the LCD panel. (4) Press DATE(+) and TIME(NEXT) simultaneously until the year indic[...]

  • Page 34

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 34 Playback modes The playback mode (SP/LP) is selected automatically according to the recording system in which the tape has been recorded. The quality of the recorded picture in LP mode, however, will not be as good as that in SP mode. Recording mode When you play back a tape recorded in LP mode,[...]

  • Page 35

    35 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Additional information When the remaining battery indicator reaches the lowest point, the i indicator appears and starts flashing in the viewfinder or on the LCD screen. When the i indicator in the viewfinder or on the LCD screen changes from slow flashing to rapid flashing while you are recordi[...]

  • Page 36

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 36 Notes on charging A brand-new battery A brand-new battery pack is not charged. Before using the battery pack, charge it completely. After long storage Recharge the battery pack after a long period of storage. If the battery pack is charged fully but not used for a long time (about 1 year), it be[...]

  • Page 37

    37 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Additional information Notes on the Battery Case – CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33 only • Use only with alkaline batteries. You cannot use the battery case with manganese batteries or size AA rechargeable NiCd batteries. • Battery life is remarkably shorter in a cold environment (lower than 50°F/10[...]

  • Page 38

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 38 Moisture condensation If the camcorder is brought directly from a cold place to a warm place, moisture may condense inside the camcorder, on the surface of the tape, or on the lens. In this condition, the tape may stick to the head drum and be damaged or the camcorder may not operate correctly. [...]

  • Page 39

    39 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Additional information Removing dust from inside the viewfinder (1) Remove the screw with a screwdriver (not supplied). Then, while sliding the RELEASE knob, turn the eyecup in the direction of the arrow and pull it out. (2) Clean the surface with a commercially available blower. 12 To reattach [...]

  • Page 40

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 40 Precautions Camcorder operation • Operate the camcorder using 6.0 V (battery pack), or 7.5 V (AC power adaptor). • For DC or AC operation, use only recommended accessories. • Should any solid object or liquid fall into the casing, unplug the camcorder and have it checked by your nearest So[...]

  • Page 41

    41 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Additional information AC power adaptor Charging • Attach the battery pack firmly. • Place the battery pack on a flat surface without vibration during charging. Others • Unplug the unit from the wall outlet when not in use for a long time. To disconnect the power cord, pull it out by the p[...]

  • Page 42

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 42 Using your camcorder abr oad Each country or area has its own electricity and TV color systems. Before using your camcorder abroad, check the following points: Power sources You can use your camcorder in any country or area with the supplied AC power adaptor within 110 V to 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz. U[...]

  • Page 43

    Additional information CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 43 If you run into any problem using the camcorder, use the following table to troubleshoot the problem. Should the difficulty persist, disconnect the power source and contact your Sony dealer or local authorized Sony service facility. Camcorder Power Symptom Cause and/or Cor[...]

  • Page 44

    44 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Symptom The date or time indicator disappears. Recording stops in a few seconds. Picture Symptom The image on the viewfinder screen is not clear. A vertical band appears when a subject such as lights or a candle flame is shot against a dark background. The picture is “noisy”. The picture doe[...]

  • Page 45

    Additional information CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E 45 AC power adaptor Symptom The POWER lamp does not light. The CHARGE lamp flashes. Cause and/or Corrective Actions • Set the selector to VTR (DC OUT) and disconnect the power cord. After about one minute, try again. (p. 7) • See the following chart. When the CHARGE lamp [...]

  • Page 46

    46 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Video camera recorder System Video recording system Two rotary heads, Helical scanning, FM system Audio recording system Rotary heads, FM system Video signal NTSC color, EIA standards Usable cassette 8 mm video format cassette (standard 8 mm) Recording/Playback time SP mode: 2 hours (P6-120) LP [...]

  • Page 47

    47 Additional information CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E STOP REW PLAY FF PAUSE 1 Tape transport buttons (p. 16, 17) p STOP 0 REW (rewind) ( PLAY (playback) ) FF (fast forward) P PAUSE These buttons will function in PLAYER mode. 2 EDITSEARCH button (p. 15) 3 Recording lamp 4 Remote sensor (p. 53) Aim the Remote Commander here fo[...]

  • Page 48

    48 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E !∞ Recording lamp !§ DATE (+) button (p. 22) !¶ TIME (NEXT) button (p. 22) !• LCD screen (p. 16, 54) !ª Lithium battery compartment (p. 32) @º DISPLAY button (p. 17) @¡ COUNTER RESET button (p. 11) @™ END SEARCH button (p. 18) @£ Speaker @¢ Mode switches (p. 28) @∞ LANC l control [...]

  • Page 49

    49 Additional information CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E #¡ START/STOP button (p. 14) Use this button when recording in a low position. #™ Tripod receptacle (p. 14) #£ PUSH OPEN button (p. 12, 16) #¢ LCD BRIGHT dial (p. 12) #∞ Eyecup (p. 13, 39) #§ Battery mounting surface (p. 7) #¶ START/STOP button (p. 9) #• STANDBY[...]

  • Page 50

    50 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E $º Cassette compartment (p. 8) $¡ EJECT knob (p. 8) $™ Eyecup release knob (p. 39) $£ Hooks for shoulder strap $¢ Grip strap (p. 13) $∞ VIDEO OUT jack (p. 29) $§ RFU DC OUT (RFU adaptor DC out) jack $¶ AUDIO OUT jack (p. 29) $• MIC (microphone) jack Connect an external microphone (no[...]

  • Page 51

    51 Additional information CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Remote commander Using the Remote Commander Make sure that the COMMANDER mode is set to ON (p. 28). The buttons that have the same name on the Remote Commander as on the camcorder function identically. W T 1 Transmitter Point toward the remote sensor to control the camcord[...]

  • Page 52

    52 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E To prepare the remote commander To use the Remote Commander, you must insert two size AA (R6) batteries. Use the supplied size AA (R6) batteries. (1) Remove the battery cover from the Remote Commander. (2) Insert both of the size AA (R6) batteries with correct polarity. (3) Put the battery cover[...]

  • Page 53

    53 Additional information CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E Remote control direction Aim the Remote Commander to the remote sensor within the range as shown below. Notes on the Remote Commander • Keep the remote sensor away from strong light sources such as direct sunlight or illumination. Otherwise, the remote control may not be[...]

  • Page 54

    54 CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E In the viewfinder and on the LCD screen 1 Power zoom indicator (p. 12) 2 Back light indicator (p. 23) 3 Warning indicator (p. 55) 4 Lithium battery indicator (p. 31) 5 Recording lamp/battery lamp (p. 9) (in the viewfinder) 6 Mirror mode indicator (p. 21) 7 Recording in LP mode (p. 9) 8 Tape tran[...]

  • Page 55

    55 Additional information CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E W ar ning indicators If indicators flash in the viewfinder or on the LCD screen, or a caution lamp on the camcorder flashes, check the following: ≥ : You can hear the beep sound when BEEP is set to ON (p. 28). 2 5 8 1 The battery is weak or dead. Slow flashing: The batte[...]

  • Page 56

    CCD-TRV12/TRV22/TRV33/TRV112/TRV212 3-859-057-15.E S Shoulder strap .................... 50 Sports mode ........................ 24 STANDBY ....................... 9, 10 Standby mode .................... 10 STEADY SHOT .................. 27 Supplied accessories ............ 5 T, U, V Tape counter ....................... 11 Title ...................[...]