Texas Instruments BA-2-PLUS manual

BA II PLUS™ Calculator[...]

ii Important Information T exas Instruments makes no warranty , either express or implied, including but not limited to any imp lied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpo se, regarding any programs or book materials and makes suc h materials availa ble solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall T exas Instrum[...]

Contents iii Important Information.................. ........... .............. ............ ............ ii USA FCC Information C oncerning Rad io Frequency Interferenceii 1 Overview of Calculator Operations .................................. 1 T urning On the Calculator ............... .............. ........... ........... .......... 1 T urning [...]

iv Uneven and Group ed Cash Flows .............. ........... .............. ......... 42 Entering Cash Flows.......... ............ .............. ........... ........... ............ 43 Deleting Cash Flows.......... ............ .............. ........... ........... ............ 43 Inserting Cash Flows ..................... .............. .......[...]

Overview of Calculator Operations 1 1 Overview of Calculat or Operations This chapter describes the basic operation of your BA I I PLUS™ calculator , including how to: • T urn on and tur n off the calculator • Selec t second fu nctions • Read the displa y and set calculator formats • Clear th e calculat or and corre ct entry er rors • P[...]

2 Overview of Calculator Operations • The Constant Memory™ feature re tains all worksheet values and settings, includi ng the contents of the 10 memories and all format settings. Automatic Power Down ™ (APD ™ ) Feature T o prolong battery life, the Automatic Power Down (APD) feature turns off the calculator automatically afte r about five m[...]

Overview of Calculator Operations 3 The indicators alon g the top of the display tell you which keys are active and offer information about the status of the calculator . Indicator Meaning 2nd Press a key to select its second function. INV Press a key to select its in verse trigonometric function. HYP Press a key to select its hyperbolic function. [...]

4 Overview of Calculator Operations Setting Calculator Formats 1. T o access format opt ions, press & | . The DEC indicator appears with the select ed number of decimal places. 2. T o change the number of decimal pl aces displa yed, key in a value and press ! . 3. T o access anot her calculator f ormat, press # or " once for each format. F[...]

Overview of Calculator Operations 5 Changing the number o f decimal p lac es af fects th e display o nly . Except for amortization and depr eciati on result s, the calc ulator does not rou nd internal values. T o round the intern al value, use the round functi on. Note: All examples in this guideb ook assume a setting of two decimal places. Other s[...]

6 Overview of Calculator Operations Resetting the Calculator Because the calculator include s alternative methods that let you clear data selectively , use reset carefully to avoid losing data needlessly . (See “ Clearing Calculator Entries and M emories ” on page 6.) For example, you mi ght reset the calculator be fore using it for the first t[...]

Overview of Calculator Operations 7 Correcting Ent ry Err ors Example : Y ou mean to calculat e 3 Q 1234.56 but instead enter 1234.86. The prompted worksheet and reset def ault values & z Calculator format settings and reset default values & | & z • Out of the prompted worksheet and return to standard-calculator mode • All pending o[...]

8 Overview of Calculator Operations Math Operations When you select the chain ( Chn ) calculation method, the calcul ator evaluates mathematical expres sions (for example, 3 + 2 Q 4) in the order that you enter them. Examples of Math Operations These operations require you to press N to complete. These operations do no t require you to press N to c[...]

Overview of Calculator Operations 9 * The random number you gene rate might be different. ** Angles can be computed in degrees or radians. Examples show angles in degre es. (See “ Choosi ng the Angle Unit s ” on page 5.) Universal Power ; Press ; to raise the displayed positive number to any power (for example, 2 -5 or 2 (1/3) ). Note: Because [...]

10 Overview of Calculator Operat ions Parentheses 9 : Use parentheses to control the order in which the calcul ator evaluates a numeric ex pression in division, multiplication , powers, roots, and logarithm calculations. The calculat or includes up to 15 levels of parentheses and up to 8 pendin g operations. Note: Y o u do not have to press : for e[...]

Overview of Calculator Operations 11 For example, work ing in the Bond works heet, you might want to round a computed selling price to the neare st penny (two decimal places) before continuing your calculati on. Note: The calculator stores values to an accuracy of up to 13 digits. Th e decimal fo rmat sett ing rounds the displayed value but not the[...]

12 Overview of Calculator Operat ions Memory Operat ions Clearing Memory Clearing memory before yo u begin a ne w calculation is a critical step in avoiding errors. • T o clear an individual memory , store a zero value in it. • T o clear all 10 calculato r memori es, press & { & z . Storing to Memory T o store a displayed value to memor[...]

Overview of Calculator Operations 13 • Memory arithmetic changes only th e value in the affected memory and not the displayed value. • Memory arithmet ic does not compl ete any calculat ion in progress . The table lists the availa ble memory arithmetic functions. In each case, the specified memory stores the result. Calculations Using Constants[...]

14 Overview of Calculator Operat ions Keystrokes for Constant Calculations This table shows how to create a constant for various operations. *The letter c denotes the constant value. ** Repeat co nstant calcul ations with n N . Last Answer Feature T o display th e last answ er compute d, press &x . Note: The calc ulator changes the value of the[...]

Overview of Calculator Operations 15 Using W orksheets: T ools for Financial Solutions Each worksheet is independent of the others: oper ations in a worksheet do not affect varia bles in ot her wo rksheets. When you exit a worksheet or turn off the calculator , the calc ulator retains all worksheet data. Key in a new calculation 2 ; 2.00 Recall the[...]

16 Overview of Calculator Operat ions Accessing the TVM Worksheet V ariables Statistics worksheet (Chapter 6) Analyzes statistics on one- or two-variable data using four regressi on analys is opti ons & k Percent Change/Comp ound Interest worksheet (Chapter 7) Computes percent change, compound interest, and cost- sell mark up & q Interest C[...]

Overview of Calculator Operations 17 Accessing Prompted-W orksheet V ariables After you access a worksheet, press # or " to select variables. For example, press & to access the Amortization worksheet, and then press # or " to select the am ortization variables ( P1 , P2 , BAL , PRN , INT ).(See “ TVM and Amortization W orksheet V [...]

18 Overview of Calculator Operat ions When you disp lay a compute-only variable, th e COMPUTE ind icator reminds you to press % to compute its value. After you press % , the  indicato r confirms that the di splayed val ue has been com puted. Automatic-Compute V ariables When you press # or " to display an automati c-compute va riable (for e[...]

Overview of Calculator Operations 19 Display Indicators •T h e  indicator confirms that the ca lculator entered th e displayed value in the worksheet. •T h e  indicator confirms that the calc ulator computed the displayed value. • When a change to the worksheet invalidates either entered or computed values, the  and  indicators di[...]

20 Overview of Calculator Operat ions[...]

T ime-V alue-of-Money and Am ortization Worksheets 21 2 Time-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Wo r k s h e e t s After solvin g a TVM prob lem, you ca n use the Amortization worksheet to generate an amortization schedule. • T o access a TVM variable, press a TVM key ( , , - , . , / , or 0 ). • T o access the prompted Amor tization worksheet, pr[...]

22 T ime-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets TVM and Amortization W orksheet V ariables Note: This guide book categorizes calcul ator variables by the method of entry . (See “ T ypes of Worksheet V ariables ” on pa ge 17.) Using the TVM and Amortization V ariables Because the calculator sto res values assigned to the TVM variables until[...]

T ime-V alue-of-Money and Am ortization Worksheets 23 • T o generate an amorti zation schedule, press & , e nter th e first and last payment number in the range ( P1 and P2 ), and press " or # to compute values for each variable ( BAL , PRN , and INT ). Resetting the TVM and Amortization W orksheet V ariables • T o reset all calculat[...]

24 T ime-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets Entering V alues for I/Y , P/Y , and C/Y •E n t e r I/Y as the nominal interest rate. The TVM worksheet automatically converts I/Y to a per period rate b ased on t he values of P/Y and C/Y . • Entering a value for P/Y automatically enters the same value for C/Y . (Y ou can ch ange C/Y .) Spec[...]

T ime-V alue-of-Money and Am ortization Worksheets 25 • In worksheet modes the calculator displays only the value you enter or recall, although any variable label previously displayed remains displayed. Note: Y o u can tell that the displayed value is not assigned to the displayed variab le, because the = indicator is not displayed. T o compute a[...]

26 T ime-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 6. Press & . — or — If INT is displayed, press # to display P1 again. 7. T o generate the am ortization schedule , repeat steps 2 through 5 for each range of payments. Generating an Amortizati on Schedule Automatically After entering the initial values for P1 and P2 , you can compute an[...]

T ime-V alue-of-Money and Am ortization Worksheets 27 Answer: The interest rate is 5.5% per year . Examples: Computing Basic Loan Payment s These examples show you how to co mpute basic loan payments on a $75,000 mortgage at 5.5% for 30 years. Note: After you complete the first exam ple, you should not have to re- enter the values for loan amount a[...]

28 T ime-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets Answer: The quarterly payments are $1,279.82. Examples: Computing V alue in Savings These examples show you how to comp ute the future and present values of a savings acco unt paying 0.5% co mpounded at the end of each year with a 20-year time frame. Computing Future V alue Example: If you open t[...]

T ime-V alue-of-Money and Am ortization Worksheets 29 Example: Computing P re sent V alue in Annuities The Furros Company purchased equipment provid ing an annual savin gs of $20,000 over 10 years. Assuming an annual discount rate of 10%, what is the present value of the savings using an ordinary annuity and an annuity due? Cost Savings for a Pre s[...]

30 T ime-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets Answer: The present value of the savings is $122,891.34 with an ordinary annuity and $135,180.48 with an annui ty due. Example: Compu ting Perpetual An nuities T o replace bricks in their highway system, the Land of Oz h as issued perpetual bonds p aying $110 per $1000 bond. What pr ice should yo[...]

T ime-V alue-of-Money and Am ortization Worksheets 31 Perpetual annuity due Because the term (1 + I/Y / 100) - N in the present valu e annuity equations approaches zero as N increases, you can use these equations to solve f or the present value of a perpetual annuity: • Perpetual or dinary annuity • Perpetual annuity due Example: Computing P re[...]

32 T ime-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets Given a 10% discou nt rate, does th e present value of the cash flows exceed the original cost of $23,000? T o Press Display Set all variables to defaults. & } ! RST 0.00 Enter interest rate per cash flow period. 10 - I/Y= 10.00  Enter 1st cash flow . 5000 S 0 FV= -5,000.00  Enter 1st c[...]

T ime-V alue-of-Money and Am ortization Worksheets 33 Answer: The present value of the cas h fl ows is $23,171.23, which exce eds the machine’ s cost by $1 71.23. This is a profitable investment. Note: Although variable cash flow payments are not equal (unlike annuity payments), you ca n solve for the present value by treating the cash flows as a[...]

34 T ime-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets The total value of the machine is th e present value of the residual value plus the present value of the lease payments. Answer: Peach Bright should pay yo ur company $40,573.18 for the machine. Example: Computing Oth er Monthly Payments If you finance the purchase of a new de sk and chair for $5[...]

T ime-V alue-of-Money and Am ortization Worksheets 35 Answer: Y our monthl y payment is $26.72. Example: Saving With Monthly Deposits Note: Accoun ts with payment s made at the begin ning of the pe riod are referred to as annuity due accounts. Interest begi ns accumulating earlier and produces sl ightly higher yields. Y ou invest $200 at the be gin[...]

36 T ime-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets Answer: Depositing $200 at the beginn ing of each month for 20 years results in a future amount of $111,438.31. Example: Computing Amo unt to Borr ow and Down Payment Y ou consider buying a car for $15,10 0. The finance company charges 7.5% APR compounded monthly on a 48-month loan. If you can af[...]

T ime-V alue-of-Money and Am ortization Worksheets 37 Answer: Y ou can borrow $13,441.47 with a down payment of $1,658.53. Example: Computing R egular Deposits for a Specified Futur e Amoun t Y ou plan to open a savings acc ount and deposit th e same amount of money at the beginnin g of each month. I n 10 years, you want to have $25,000 in the acco[...]

38 T ime-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets Example: Computin g Payments and Generating an Amortization Schedule This example shows you how to use the TVM and Amortization worksheets to calculate t he monthl y payments on a 30-year loan and generate an amortization schedule fo r the first three year s of the loan. Computing Mortgage Paymen[...]

T ime-V alue-of-Money and Am ortization Worksheets 39 Example: Compu ting Payment, In ter est, and Loan Balance After a Specifie d Payment A group of sellers considers fina ncing the sale pr ice of a property for $82,000 at 7% annual interest, amortize d over a 30-year term with a balloon paymen t due after five years. They want to know: • Amount[...]

40 T ime-V alue-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets Generating an Amortization Schedule for Interest and Balloon Payment If the s ellers finance d the sa le, they would re ceive: • Monthly payment: $545.55 for five years • Interest: $27,790.72 over the five years • Balloon payment: $77,187.72 T o Press Display Select Amortization worksheet. [...]

Cash Flow Worksheet 41 3 Cash Flow Wo rksheet Cash Flow Works heet V ariables * nn represent s the cash fl ow ( C01 – C24 ) or frequency ( F01 – F24 ) number . Use the Cash Flow workshee t to solve problems with unequal cas h flows. T o solve problems with equal cash flows, use the TVM worksheet. (See “ Time-V alue-of-Money and Amor tization [...]

42 Cash Flow Worksheet ** This guidebook categorize s variables by the method of entry . (See “ T ypes of Worksheet V ariables ” on page 17.) Resetting V ariables • T o reset CFo , C nn , and F nn to default values, press ' and then &z . • T o reset NPV to the default va lue, press ( and then &z . • T o reset IRR to the defau[...]

Cash Flow Worksheet 43 Grouped Cash Flows Cash-flow problems can contain cash flow s with unique values as well as consecutive cash flows of equal value. Although you must enter unequal ca sh flows separately , you can enter groups of cons ecutive, equal cash flows si multaneously using the F nn variable. Entering Cash Flows Cash flows consist of a[...]

44 Cash Flow Worksheet The DEL indicator confirms that yo u ca n delete a cash fl ow . 1. Press # or " until the cash flow you want to delete appears. 2. Press & W . The cash flow you spec ified and its frequency i s deleted. Inserting Cash Flows When you insert a cash flow , the calc ulator increases the number of the following cash flows[...]

Cash Flow Worksheet 45 • Internal rate of return ( IRR ) is the interest rate at which the net present value of the cash flows is equal to 0. Computing NPV 1. Press ( to display the curre nt discou nt rate ( I ). 2. Key in a value and press ! . 3. Press # to display t he current net present value ( NPV ). 4. T o compute the net present value for [...]

46 Cash Flow Worksheet When more than o ne solution exists, the calculator displays the one closest to zero. Be cause the disp layed solution has no financial meaning, you shou ld use caution in making investment decisions based on an IRR comput ed for a cash-fl ow stream with more t han one sign chang e. The time line reflects a sequence of cash f[...]

Cash Flow Worksheet 47 Entering Cash-Flow Data Editing Cash-F low Data After entering the cash-flow data, you learn that the $4,000 cash-flow value should occur in the sec ond year instead of the sixth. T o edit, delete the $4,000 value for year 6 and insert it for year 2. T o Press D isplay Select Cash Flow worksheet. ' CFo= 0.00 Enter initia[...]

48 Cash Flow Worksheet Computing NPV Use an interest rate per period ( I ) of 20%. Answers: NPV is $7,26 6.44. Computing IRR Answer: IRR is 52.71%. Example: V alue of a Lease with Uneven Payments A lease with an uneven paymen t schedule usually accommodates seasonal or othe r anticipated fl uctuat ions in the lessee’ s cash position. A 36-month l[...]

Cash Flow Worksheet 49 • What even paymen t amount at the beginn ing of each mont h would result in the same present value? Because the cash flows are uneven, use the Cash Flow worksheet to determine the net present value of the lease. Computing NPV The cash flows for the first four months are stated as a group of four $0 cash flows. Becau se the[...]

50 Cash Flow Worksheet Enter monthly ea rnings rate. 10 6 12 ! I= 0.83  Compute NPV . # % NPV= -138,088.44  T o Press D isplay[...]

Bond Worksheet 51 4 Bond Wo rksheet Note: Pressing # or " to navigate through th e Bond worksheet before you enter values causes an e rror ( Error 6 ). T o clear the error , press P . (See “ Error Message s ” on page 94.) The Bond wo rksheet lets you compute bond price, yield to maturity or call, and accrued interest. Y ou can also use the[...]

52 Bond Worksheet Bond W orksheet V ariables Resetting Bond Worksheet V ariables • T o reset the Bond worksheet vari ables to default values, press & z while in the Bond worksheet. • T o reset all calculator variable s and formats to default values, including th e Bond worksheet vari ables, press &}! . Entering Dates • Use the followi[...]

Bond Worksheet 53 • The calculator assumes that the redemption date ( RDT ) co incides with a coupon date : –T o c o m p u t e to maturity , enter the maturity dat e for RDT . –T o c o m p u t e to call , enter the call date for RD T . Entering CPN CPN represents the annual coupon rate as a percentage of the bond par value rather than the dol[...]

54 Bond Worksheet Bond W orksheet T er minology Entering Bond Da ta and Computing Resu lts T o compute values for price ( PR I ) or yield ( YLD ) and acc rued interest ( AI ), first enter the four k nown va lues for settlement da te ( SDT ), coupon rate ( CPN ), redemption da te ( RDT ), and redemp tion value ( RV ). T erm Definition Call Date A ca[...]

Bond Worksheet 55 If necessary , change the day-count method ( ACT or 360 ) and coup on- frequency ( 2/Y or 1/Y ). The Bond worksheet stores all values and settings until you clear the worksheet or change the values and settings. Note: Dates are not changed when you clear a worksheet. Entering Known Bond V alues 1. Press & l . The current SDT v[...]

56 Bond Worksheet Example: Computing Bond Price and Accrued Interest Y ou cons ider buying a semia nnual corpor ate bond maturing on December 31, 2007 and settling on Ju ne 12, 2006. The bond is based on the 30/360 day-count method with a coupon rate of 7%, redeemable at 100% of par value. For an 8% yield to maturity , compute the bond’ s price a[...]

Depreciation W orksheet 57 5 Depr eciation W orksheet Depreciation W orksheet V ariables The Depreciation worksheet lets you generate a depreciation schedule us ing yo ur choice of depre ciation methods. • T o access the Depr eciation worksheet, press & p . • T o change depreciation meth ods, press &V until the desired method appears. ?[...]

58 Depreciation Worksheet * SLF and DBF are available only if you select the European format for dates or separators in numbers. (See “ Setting Calculator Formats ” on page 4.) ** This guidebook categorize s variable s by their method of ent ry . (See “ T ypes of Worksheet V ariables ” on page 17.) Resetting the Depreciati on Worksheet V ar[...]

Depreciation W orksheet 59 Entering V alues for DB and DBX If you choose eith er the declining balance ( DB ) or declining balance with crossove r to SL ( DBX ) depreciation method, remember to enter a value representing the percent of declin ing balance fo r the DB or DBX variable. Note: The decl ining balanc e you enter must be a posi tive number[...]

60 Depreciation Worksheet Selecting a Depreciati on Method 1. T o access the Deprecia tion worksheet, press & p . The current depreciation method i s displayed. 2. T o clear the worksheet, press & z . 3. Press & V until you disp lay the depr eciation method you want ( SL , SLF , SYD , DB , DBX , or DBF ). Note: If you select DB or DBX ,[...]

Depreciation W orksheet 61 Example: Computing S traight-Line Depr eciation In mid-March, a company beg ins depreciation of a commercial bui lding with a 31½ year life and no salvage value. The building cost $1,000,000. Use the straight-line depr eciation m ethod to compute the depreciat ion expense, remain ing book value, and remaining de preciabl[...]

62 Depreciation Worksheet[...]

Statistics Worksheet 63 6 Statistics W orksheet Statistics Works heet V ariables The Statistics worksheet pe rforms analysis on one-and two-variabl e data with four regression analysis models. • T o enter statistical data , press & j . • T o choose a statis tics calculati on method and compute the resul ts, press &k . • T o access sta[...]

64 Statistics Worksheet * nn represents the number of the current X or Y value. ** Not displayed for one-va riable statistics. *** This guidebook categorize s calculat or variables by their method of entry . (See “ T ypes of Worksheet V ariables ” on pa ge 17.) Resetting Statistics Worksheet V ariables •T o c l e a r a l l X and Y values as w[...]

Statistics Worksheet 65 • When you enter data for one -variable statistics, X nn represents the value and Y nn specifies the number of occurrence s (frequenc y). • When you enter a value for X nn , the value for Y nn defaults to 1. Analyzing One-V ariable Statistics T o analyze one-variable statistics, s elect 1-V . Only values fo r n , v v v v[...]

66 Statistics Worksheet • Ln uses ln(X) and Y . • EXP uses X and ln(Y). • PWR uses ln(X) and ln(Y). The calculator determi nes the values for a and b that c reate the line or curve that best fits the data. Correlation Coef ficient The calculator also determines r , the correlation coefficient, which measures the good ness of fit of the equa t[...]

Statistics Worksheet 67 Computing Statistical Results Selecting a Statistics Calculation Method 1. Press & k to select the st atistical calculatio n portion of the Statistics worksheet. 2. The last selected statistics calculation method is displayed ( LIN , Ln , EXP , PWR , or 1-V ). 3. Press & V repeatedly until the statist ics calc ulatio[...]

68 Statistics Worksheet[...]

Other W orksh eets 69 7 Other W orksheets The calculator al so includes these worksh eets: Perc ent Change/C ompound Inter est W orksheet Percent Change/Compound Interest Worksheet V a riables Note: This guide book categorizes variab les by their method of entry . (See “ T ypes of Worksheet V ariables ” on page 17.) • Percent Change/Compound [...]

70 Other Worksheets Resetting the Percent Cha nge/Compound Inter est Worksheet V ariables • T o reset th e Percent Change/Com poun d Interest variables to default values, press & z while in the Percent Change/Compound Interest worksheet. • T o reset default values for all calc ulator varia bles and formats, press & } ! . Entering V alue[...]

Other W orksh eets 71 3. T o enter values for th e known variables, press # or " until the variable you want is displayed, then key in a value, and p ress ! . (Do not enter a va lue for the va riable you wish to solve.) • Percent Change — Enter values for two of these three variables: OLD , NEW , and %CH . Leave #PD set to 1. • Compound [...]

72 Other Worksheets Answer: The annual growth rate is 8.4 5%. Example: Computing Cost-Sell-Markup The original cost of an item is $100; the selling price is $125. Find the markup. Answer: The mark up is 25%. Interest Conversion Wo rksheet Note: The calculator cate gorizes variab les by their method of entry . (See “ T ypes of Worksheet V ariables[...]

Other W orksh eets 73 Comparing the Nominal Interest Rate of Investments Comparing the nominal interest rate (annual percentage rate) of investments is misleading when the investments have the same nominal rate but different numbers of compou nding pe riods per year . T o make a more valid comparison, convert the nominal interest rat e ( NOM ) to t[...]

74 Other Worksheets 6. T o compute a value for the unknow n variable (interest rate), press # or " until NOM or EFF is displayed, and th en press % . The calculator displays the computed value. Example: A bank offers a certificate that pays a nominal interest rate of 15% with quarterly compound ing. What is the annual effective interest rate? [...]

Other W orksh eets 75 Note: The calculator cate gorizes variab les by their method of entry . (See “ T ypes of Worksheet V ariables ” on page 17.) Resetting the Date W orksheet V ariables • T o reset default values for all calculator variables and formats, including the Date worksheet variables, press & } ! . • T o clear Date worksheet [...]

76 Other Worksheets 6. T o change the day-count meth od setting, press # until ACT or 360 is displayed. 7. T o compute a value for th e unknown variable, press # or " to display the variable , and then press % . The calculator displays the computed value. Example: Computing Days between Dates A loan made on September 4, 2003 defers the first p[...]

Other W orksh eets 77 Note: This guidebook ca tegorizes c alculat or variables by their method of entry . (See “ T ypes of Worksheet V ariables ” on pa ge 17.) Gross Pr ofit Margin and Markup The terms margin an d markup often are used inte rchangeab ly , but each has a distinct meaning. • Gross profit margin is the difference betwee n sellin[...]

78 Other Worksheets Answer: The original cost is $100. Br eakeven W orksheet Note: T o solve for quantity ( Q ), enter a value of zero for profit ( PF T ). Breakeven W orksheet V ariables Note: This guidebook ca tegorizes c alculat or variables by their method of entry . (See “ T ypes of Worksheet V ariables ” on pa ge 17.) Resetting the Br eak[...]

Other W orksh eets 79 Computing Breakeven 1. T o access the Breakeven workshe et, press & r . The FC variable appears. 2. Press # or " to select a known variable, key in the value, and press ! . 3. Repeat step 3 for each of the remaining known variables . 4. T o compute a value for th e un known variable , press # or " until the varia[...]

80 Other Worksheets Memory Worksheet Memory Worksheet V ariables Note: This guidebook ca tegorizes c alculat or variables by their method of entry . (See “ T ypes of Worksheet V ariables ” on pa ge 17.) Clearing the Memory Worksheet V ariables T o clear all 10 memories at once , press & z in the Memory worksheet. Using the Memory Worksheet [...]

Other W orksh eets 81 • T o view the contents of the memories, press # or " once for each memory . • T o store a value, s elect a memory ( M0 - M9 ), key in a value, and press ! . • Memory arithmetic. (See “ Memory Arithmetic ” on page 12.) Examples: Using the Memory W orksheet T o Pr ess Display Access Memory worksheet & { M0= 0[...]

82 Other Worksheets[...]

Appendix — Reference Information 83 A Appendix — Refer ence Information This appendix incl udes supplemental info rmation to help you use your BA II PLUS é calculator: •F o r m u l a s • Error cond itions • Accuracy inf ormation • IRR (internal-rate-of-return) calculations • Algebraic operating system (AOS™) • Battery information[...]

84 Appendix — Reference Information I/Y = where: x = i y = P/Y P C/Y G i = 1 + i Q k where: k =0 for end-of-period payments k =1 for beginnin g-of-period payments where: i ƒ 0 N = L ( PV + FV ) P PMT where: i =0 where: i ƒ 0 PMT = L ( PV + FV ) P N where: i =0 where: i ƒ 0 PV = L ( FV + PMT Q N ) where: i =0 100 CY e yx 1 + () ln × () 1 – [[...]

Appendix — Reference Information 85 where: i ƒ 0 FV = L ( PV + PMT Q N ) where: i =0 Amortization If computing bal (), pm t2 = npmt Let bal (0) = RND ( PV ) Iterate from m = 1 to pmt2 then: bal( ) = bal(pmt2) G Prn ( ) = bal ( pmt2 ) N bal ( pmt1 ) G Int ( ) =( pmt2 N pmt1 +1) Q RND ( PMT ) N G Prn ( ) where: RND =round the display to the number[...]

86 Appendix — Reference Information Net present value depends on the v a lues of the in itial cash flow ( CF 0 ), subsequent cash flows ( CF j ), frequency of each cash flow ( n j ), and the specified interest rate ( i ). IRR = 100 × i , where i satisfies npv ( ) = 0 Internal rate of return depends on the values of the initial ca sh flow ( CF 0 [...]

Appendix — Reference Information 87 Bonds 1 Price (given yield) with on e coupon period or less to redemption: where: PRI = dollar price pe r $100 par value RV =redemption value of the securit y per $100 par value ( RV = 100 except in those cases where call or put features m ust be considere d) R =annual interest rate (as a decimal; CPN _ 100) M [...]

88 Appendix — Reference Information Price (given yield) with more than one coup on period to rede mption: where: N =number of coupon s payable between settlement date and redemption date (maturity date, ca ll date, put date, etc.). (If this number contai ns a fraction, raise i t to the next whole numbe r; for example, 2.4 = 3) DSC =numb er of day[...]

Appendix — Reference Information 89 Straight-line depr eciation First year: Last year or more: DEP = RDV CST SAL – LIF --------------------------- C ST SAL – LIF - -------------------------- FSTYR ×[...]

90 Appendix — Reference Information Sum-of-the -years’-di gits depr eciation First year: Last year or more: DEP = RDV Declining-balance depreciation where: RBV is for YR - 1 First year: Unless ; then use RDV Q FSTYR If DEP > RDV , u se DEP = RDV If computing last year , DEP = RDV Statistics Note: Formulas apply to both x an d y . Standard de[...]

Appendix — Reference Information 91 Standard devi ation with n - 1 weighting (s x ): Mean: Regressions Formulas apply to all regression models using transformed data. Interest Rate Conversions where: x =.01 Q NOM P C ˆ Y where: x =.01 Q EFF Percent Change 12 ⁄ x 2 x ∑ ⎝⎠ ⎛⎞ 2 n ------------------- - – ∑ n 1 – ------------------[...]

92 Appendix — Reference Information where: OLD =old value NEW =new va lue %CH =percent change #PD =number of period s Profit Margin Brea keven PFT = P Q N ( FC + VC Q ) where: PFT =profit P =price FC =fixe d cost VC =variable cost Q =quantity Days between Dates With the Date worksheet, you can en ter or compute a date within the range January 1, [...]

Appendix — Reference Information 93 where: M1 =month of fi rst date DT 1 =day of first date Y 1 =year of first da te M 2 =month of second date DT 2 =day of second date Y 2 =year of secon d date MB =base month (January) DB =base day (1) YB =base year (first year after leap year) 30/360 day-count method 2 Note: The method assumes 30 days per month [...]

94 Appendix — Reference Information Error Messages Note: T o clear an error message, press P . Error Possible Causes Error 1 Overflow • A result is ou tside the calcu lator range ( ± 9.9999999999999E99 ). • T ried to divide by zero (can occur internally). • T ried to compute 1/x when x is zero. • Statistics worksheet: a ca lculation in c[...]

Appendix — Reference Information 95 Accuracy Information The calculator stores resu lts internally as 13-digit numbers but displays them rounded to 10 digits or fewer , depending on the decimal format. The internal digits, or guard digits, in crease the calculator’ s accuracy. Additional calculations use the inte rnal value, not the value displ[...]

96 Appendix — Reference Information Rounding If a calculation produc es a result wi th 11-digits or more, the calculator uses the internal guard digits to determine how to d isplay the r esult. I f the eleventh digit of the result is 5 or greater , the calculator rounds the result to the next larger value for display . For example, consider th is[...]

Appendix — Reference Information 97 Battery Information Replacing the Battery Replace the battery with a new CR2032 lithium battery . Caution: Risk of explosion if replaced by an incorrec t type. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by T exas Instrument s. Dispose of used batteries ac cording to local regulations. Note: The c[...]

98 Appendix — Reference Information Battery Disposal • Do not mutilate, or dispos e of batteries in fire. • The batteries can burst or explod e, releasing hazardous chemicals. • Discard used batteries acco rding to local regulations. In Case of Difficulty Use this list of possib le solutions to diff iculties you migh t encounter with the ca[...]

Appendix — Reference Information 99 T exas Instruments Sup port and Service For general information For technical support For Product (har dware) Service Customers in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico and V irgin Islands: Always contact T exas Instrume nts Customer Support before returning a product for service. All other customers: Refer to [...]

100 Appendix — Refe rence Information T exas Instruments (TI) W arranty Information Customers in the U.S. and Canada Only One-Y ear Limited W arranty for Commercial Electronic Produc t This T exas Instruments ("TI") elect ronic product warranty exte nds only to the origi nal purchaser an d user of the product. W arranty Duration. This T[...]

Appendix — Reference Information 101 This T exas Instruments electronic product warra nty extends only to the original purchaser and user of the product. W arranty Duration. This T exas In struments electronic product is warranted to the original purchaser for a perio d of one (1) year from the original purchase date. W arranty Coverage. This T e[...]

102 Appendix — Refe rence Information[...]

Index 103 Index Symbols #PD (number of pe riods) 70 , 71 , 72 #PD (numbe r of pe riods, Percent Change/Compoun d Interest worksheet) 70 %CH (percent change) 70 , 71 , 72 ( - (negative) indica tor 3 ( #$ indicator 3 ( 1 (value ente red) indicator 3 ( G X (sum of X) 63 , 65 ( G X² (sum of X² ) 63 , 65 ( G XY (sum of XY products) 63 ( G Y (sum of Y)[...]

104 Index payments 22 , 24 Bond accrued interest (AI) 52 price (PRI) 56 terminology 54 worksheet 51 – 56 Breakeven worksh eet 78 – 79 C C/Y (compoundi ng periods per ye ar) 22 , 24 , 74 Calculation meth od 4 , 5 Call date 54 Cash Flow 41 Cash Flow worksheet 41 – 50 Cash flows computing 44 deleting 42 , 43 editing 47 entering 42 , 43 formulas [...]

Index 105 Dollar price (PRI ) 52 , 54 , 55 DPB (discounted pay back) 41 DT1 (starting date) 60 DT1, DT2 (date 1 and 2) 57 , 76 DUR (modified duration) 52 E EFF (annual ef fective rate) 73 , 74 END (end-o f-period ) payments 22 , 24 Ending payme nt (P2) 22 , 24 End-of-peri od (END) payments 22 , 24 ENTER indicator 3 Error clearing 94 messages 94 Exa[...]

106 Index bond yield (more tha n one coupon period to redemption) 88 bond yield (one coupon period or less to redemption) 87 bonds 87 breakeven 92 cash fl ow 85 days between dates 92 depreciation 88 depreciation, d eclining-ba lance 90 depreciation, straight-line 89 depreciation, sum-of-the-ye ars’- digits 90 interest-rate conversions 91 internal[...]

Index 107 N n (number of observat ions) 63 , 65 N (number of periods) 24 N (number of periods, TVM worksheet) 22 Negative (–) indicator 3 Net future value (NFV) 41 Net present value (NPV) 41 , 44 NEW (new value) 70 , 71 , 72 New value (NEW) 70 , 71 , 72 NFV (net future value) 41 NOM (nominal rate) 74 Nominal rate (NOM) 73 , 74 NPV (net present va[...]

108 Index entering depreciation data 60 generating a depreciati on schedule 60 generating amortization schedules 25 , 26 inserting cash flows 44 selecting a depr eciation met hod 60 selecting a statisti cs calculation method 67 selecting bond setti ngs 55 using the memory worksheet 80 Profit (PFT) 78 , 79 Profit margin (MAR) 77 Profit Margin worksh[...]

Index 109 Starting month (M0 1) 57 , 59 , 60 Starting payment (P1) 22 , 24 Statistical data 66 Statistics worksheet 63 – 67 Storing to memory 12 Straight line (SL) 57 , 59 , 60 Subtraction 8 Sum of the years’ digits (SYD) 57 , 59 , 60 Sum of X ( G X) 63 , 65 Sum of X² ( G X²) 63 , 65 Sum of XY products ( G XY) 63 Sum of Y ( G Y) 63 Sum of Y²[...]

110 Index[...]