ZyXEL Communications NBG-416N manual

www .zyxel.com www .zyxel.com NBG-416N Wireless N-lite Home Router IMPORT ANT! READ CAREFULL Y BEFORE USE. KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE. IMPORT ANT! Copyright © 2012 ZyXEL Communications Corporation V ersion 1.00 Edition 2, 4/2012 Default Login Details LAN IP Address https://192.168.1.1 User Name admin Pa ss wo rd 1234[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 2 IMPORT ANT! READ CAREFULL Y BEFORE USE. KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE. Graphics in this book ma y differ slightly from the product due to difference s in oper ating systems, operating system versions, or if y ou installed updated firmware/software fo r your device. Every effort has been made to ensure that the infor[...]

Contents Overview NBG-416N User’s Guide 3 Contents Overview User ’ s Guide ......................................................................................... ......................... ......... 1 1 Introduction ........... ............. ................ ............. ................ ............. ................ ............. ... .....[...]

Contents Overview NBG-416N User’s Guide 4[...]

Table of Conten ts NBG-416N User’s Guide 5 Table of Contents Contents Overview ......................... ..................................................... ............................... ..... 3 Table of Contents ................................................. ..................................................... ........... .... 5 Part I: [...]

Table of Contents NBG-416N User’s Guide 6 3.4.9 WAN MAC Address ...... ............. ................ ............. ................ ............. ................ ....... 35 3.5 Connection Wizard Complete .......... ............ ................. ............. ................ ................ .......... 36 Chapter 4 Modes ......................[...]

Table of Conten ts NBG-416N User’s Guide 7 6.8 WPS Screen ....... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ............. ... ... .... ... ... ............. ... .... ... ... ... ... ............. .... ... . ......... 86 6.9 WPS S tation Screen ............ ................ ............. ................ ................ ................ ............. .. ....[...]

Table of Contents NBG-416N User’s Guide 8 Chapter 1 1 Dynamic DNS ............................................................................. ....................................... .... 1 19 1 1.1 Overview ................ ................ ............. ................ ................ ............. ................ ...... ......... 1 19 1 1.[...]

Table of Conten ts NBG-416N User’s Guide 9 Chapter 17 T ools ................................................. ..................................................... .................... ............ 143 17.1 Overview .... ................ ............. ................ ................ ............. ................ ............. ...... .........[...]

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NBG-416N User’s Guide 13 C HAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview The NBG-416N extends the r ange of yo ur existing wired network without additional wi ring, providing easy network access to mobil e users. Y our can create the following connections using the NBG-416N: • LAN . Y ou can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the NBG-416N s[...]

Chapter 1 Int rod uct ion NBG-416N User’s Guide 14 Use a (supported) web browser to mana ge t he NBG-416N. Menus v ary according to which m ode you’re using. See Chapter 4 on page 37 for more information on these modes. 1.2 Securing the NBG-416N Do the following things regularly t o make the NBG-416N more secure and to manage the NBG-416N more [...]

Chapter 1 Introduction NBG-416N User’s Guide 15 1.3 LEDs Figure 2 Front Panel The following table describes t he LEDs and the WPS button. T able 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION POWER Green On The NBG-416N is receiving power and functioning properly . Off The NBG-416N is not receiving power . LAN 1-4 Green On The NBG[...]

Chapter 1 Int rod uct ion NBG-416N User’s Guide 16 1.4 The WPS Button Y our NBG-416N supports WiFi Protect ed Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Al liance. WPS allows you to q uickly set up a wirele ss network with strong securit y , without having [...]

Chapter 1 Introduction NBG-416N User’s Guide 17 4 Make sure the screws are fastened well enough to hold the weight of th e NBG- 416N with the connection cables. 5 Align the holes on the back of the NBG- 416N with t he screws on the wall. Hang the NBG-416N on the screws. Figure 3 W all Mounting Example[...]

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NBG-416N User’s Guide 19 C HAPTER 2 The Web Configurator 2.1 Overview This chapter describes how to ac cess the NBG-416N W eb Configurator and provides an ov erview of its screens. The W eb Configurator is an HTML -based management interface that a llows easy setup and management of the NBG-416N via Internet browser . Use Internet Explorer 6.0 an[...]

Chapter 2 The Web Con figurator NBG-416N User’s Guide 20 so you must set y our computer to get an IP address auto matically (computer factory default) or giv e it a fixed IP address in the range between 192.168.1. 3 and 192.168.1.254 (see the appendices). 4 Ty p e admin (default) as the user name and 1234 (default) as the password and click OK . [...]

Chapter 2 The Web Co nfigurator NBG-416N User’s Guide 21 2.3 Resetting the NBG-416N If you forget your password or IP address, or y ou cannot access the W eb Configurator , you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the NBG-416N to reload the fac tory-default configurat ion file. This m eans tha t you will lose all configurations that y[...]

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NBG-416N User’s Guide 23 C HAPTER 3 Connection Wizard 3.1 Wizard Setup This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the W eb Configurator . The W eb Configur ator’s wizard setup helps y ou configure your device to access the Internet. Refer to you r ISP (Inte rnet Service Provider) c hecklist in the Quic k Start Guide to kno[...]

Chapter 3 Con n ec tio n Wiza rd NBG-416N User’s Guide 24 2 Choose a language by clicking on the lang uage’ s button. The screen will update. Click the Next button to proceed to the next screen. Figure 7 Select a Language 3 Read the on-screen information and click Next . Figure 8 W elcome to the Connection Wizar d 3.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1:[...]

Chapter 3 Connection Wizar d NBG-416N User’s Guide 25 3.2.2 Domain Name The Domain Name entry is what is propag ated to the D HCP clients on the LAN. If you leav e this blank, the domain name o btained by DHCP from the ISP is used. While you must enter the host name (Sys tem Name) on each individual computer , the domain name can be assigned from[...]

Chapter 3 Con n ec tio n Wiza rd NBG-416N User’s Guide 26 3.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: W ireless LAN Set up your wireless LAN using the following sc reen. Figure 10 Wizard S tep 2: Wireless LAN The following table describes t he labels in this screen. Note: The wireless stations and NBG-416N must u se the same SSID, channel ID, WP A-PSK (if WP [...]

Chapter 3 Connection Wizar d NBG-416N User’s Guide 27 3.3.1 WP A-PSK or WP A2-PSK Security Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security i n the Wireless LAN setup screen to set up a Pre-S hared Key . Figure 1 1 Wizard S tep 2: WP A-PSK or WP A2-PSK Security The following table describes t he labels in this screen. 3.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet C[...]

Chapter 3 Con n ec tio n Wiza rd NBG-416N User’s Guide 28 This wizard screen v aries according to the connection t ype that you select. Figure 12 Wizard S tep 3: ISP Parameters. The following table describes t he labels in this screen, 3.4.1 Ethernet Connection Choose Ethernet when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Continue to Section 3[...]

Chapter 3 Connection Wizar d NBG-416N User’s Guide 29 personal computer intera cts with a broadband modem (for example DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) to achiev e access to high-speed data networks. For the service provider , PPPoE offers an access and authentica ti on method that works with existing access control sys tems (for instance, RADIUS). On[...]

Chapter 3 Con n ec tio n Wiza rd NBG-416N User’s Guide 30 3.4.3 PPTP Connection P oint-to-P oint T unneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables transfers of data from a remote client to a priv ate server , creating a Virtual Priv ate Network (VPN) using T CP/IP-based network s. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virt ual [...]

Chapter 3 Connection Wizar d NBG-416N User’s Guide 31 3.4.4 Y our IP Address The following wizard screen allows y ou to assign a fixed IP add ress or give the NBG-416N an automatically assigned IP address depending on your ISP . Figure 16 Wizard S tep 3: Y our IP Address The following table descri bes the labels in this screen Connection ID/ Name[...]

Chapter 3 Con n ec tio n Wiza rd NBG-416N User’s Guide 32 3.4.5 W AN IP Address Assignment Every computer on the Internet must have a unique IP address. If your networks are isolated from the Intern et, for instance, only between your two b ranch offices, you can assign an y IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However , the Internet Assig[...]

Chapter 3 Connection Wizar d NBG-416N User’s Guide 33 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserv ed). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network nu mber while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network. Onc e you have d eci de d on the net wor k nu mbe r , p ick an I P a ddr ess tha t is e asy to remember , for[...]

Chapter 3 Con n ec tio n Wiza rd NBG-416N User’s Guide 34 3.4.8 W AN IP and DNS Server Address Assignment The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed W AN IP address and DNS server addresses. Figure 17 Wizard S tep 3: W AN IP and DNS Server Addresses The following table descri bes the labels in this screen T able 1 1 Wizard S tep 3: [...]

Chapter 3 Connection Wizar d NBG-416N User’s Guide 35 3.4.9 W AN MAC Address Every Ethernet dev ice has a unique MAC (Media Access Cont rol) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. This screen allows users to configure th e WAN port's MAC address[...]

Chapter 3 Con n ec tio n Wiza rd NBG-416N User’s Guide 36 3.5 Connection Wizard Complete Click Apply to complete t he wiza rd setup. Figure 19 Connection Wizard Complete W ell done! Y o u have successfully set up your NBG-416N to oper ate on your network and access the Internet.[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 37 C HAPTER 4 Modes 4.1 Overview Y ou can set up the NBG-416N with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices in different device modes. Note: Choose your device mode carefully to avoid having to change it later . The NBG- 416N automatically resta rts when you change modes. The default LAN IP address of the NBG-416 N in Route[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 38 • Access Point : Use this mode if you already ha ve a Rout er (R ) in your net wor k and you want to set up a wireless network and bridge the wired and wireless connections on the NBG-416N . Figure 21 AP Mode • Universal Repeater : In this mode, the NBG-416N (N) can be an access point and a wireless cl[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 39 4.2 Setting your NBG-416N to Router Mode The NBG-416N is set to wi reless router mo de by default. If it w as changed and now you wa nt to set it back, do t he following procedure. 1 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-416N. 2 The default LAN IP address of the NBG-416N i s 192.168.1.1 in route[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 40 4.2.1 S t atus Screen (Router Mode) The screen below shows the status screen in Router mode. Figure 25 S tatus Screen (Router Mode) The following table describes t he icons shown in the Status screen. T able 14 Status Screen Icon Key ICON DESCRIPTION Click this icon to open the setup wizard. Click this ico[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 41 The following table describes t he labels shown in the Status screen in Router mode. T able 15 Web Configurator Status Screen (Rou ter Mode) LABEL DESCRIPTION Device Information System Name This is the System N ame you enter in th e Maintenance > System > General screen. It is for identification purp[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 42 4.2.1.1 Summary: DHCP T able DHCP (Dynamic Host Configur ation Protocol , RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtai n TCP/IP config uration at start -up from a server . Y ou can configure the NBG-416N’ s LAN as a DHCP serv er or disable it. When configured as a server , the NBG-416N provi[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 43 Click the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. R ead-only information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current DHCP client i nformation (includi ng IP Address , Host Name and MAC Address ) of all network clients using the NBG-416N’ s DHCP server . Figure 26 Summar[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 44 The following table describes t he labels in this screen. 4.2.1.3 Summary: WLAN St ation St atus Click the WLAN Station Status (Details...) hy p er lin k in th e Status screen. View the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-416N in the Association List . Association means that a wirele[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 45 The following table describes t he labels in this screen. 4.2.2 Router Mode Navigation Panel Use the menu in the na vigation panel me nus to configure NBG-416N feat ures in Router Mode . Figure 29 Menus: Router Mode The following table describes t he sub-menus. T able 18 Summary: WLAN S tation S t atus LAB[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 46 Wireless LAN General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN. MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-416N to block access to devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG-416N. Advanced This screen allows you to configure adv anced wireless settings. QoS Use this screen to config[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 47 4.3 Setting your NBG-416N to AP Mode 1 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-416N. 2 The default LAN IP address of the NBG-416N i s 192.168.1.1 in router mode (192.168.1.2 by default in non-router mode ). In router mode, the NBG-416N can assign your comput er an IP address, so you must set your [...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 48 5 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Access Point. Figure 30 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > AP 6 A pop-up window appears pro viding information on this mode. Click OK in the pop-up message window . Click Apply . Y our NBG-416N is now in AP Mode . Note: W ait while the NBG-416 N r[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 49 Firmware V ersion This is the current firmw are version of the NBG-416N. LAN Information - MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethe rnet adapter MAC Address of your device. - IP Address This shows the LAN port’ s IP address. - IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’ s subnet mask. - DHCP This shows the LAN [...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 50 4.3.2 AP Navigation Panel Use the menu in the navigation pane l to configure NBG-416N features in AP Mode . The following screen and tabl e show the features you can configure in AP Mode . Figure 32 Menu: AP Mode Status For the LAN port, this field displa ys Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connect[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 51 The following table describes t he sub-menus. T able 21 Menu: AP Mode LINK TA B FU NCTION Status This screen shows the NBG-416N’s gener al device, system and interface status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary statistics tables. Network Wireless LAN Gener al Use this screen to[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 52 4.4 Setting your NBG-416N to Universal Repeater Mode 1 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-416N. 2 The default LAN IP address of the NBG-416N i s 192.168.1.1 in router mode (192.168.1.2 by default in non-router mode ). In router mode, the NBG-416N can assign your comput er an IP address, so yo[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 53 4.4.1 S t atus Screen (Universal Repeater Mode) Click on Status . The screen below shows the stat us screen in Universal Repeater Mode . Figure 34 S tatus Screen (Universal Repeate r Mode) The following table describes t he labels shown in the Status screen. T able 22 Status Screen (Universal Repeater Mode[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 54 - Operating Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG-416N is currently using over the wireless LAN. - Security Mode This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-416N is using. - 802.11 Mode This shows the IEEE 802. 11 standard that the NBG-416N supports. Wireless clients must support the sa[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 55 4.4.2 Universal Repeater Navigation Panel Use the menu in the navigation pane l to configure NBG-416N features in Universal Repeater Mode . The following screen and tabl e show the features you can configure in Universal Repeater Mode . Figure 35 Menu: Unive rsal Repeater Mode The following table describes[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 56 4.5 Setting your NBG-416N to Client Bridge Mode 1 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-416N. 2 The default LAN IP address of the NBG-416N i s 192.168.1.1 in router mode (192.168.1.2 by default in non-router mode ). In router mode, the NBG-416N can assign your comput er an IP address, so you mus[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 57 3 After you’ve set yo ur computer’s IP addre ss, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and ty pe the IP address of the NBG-416N as the web addr ess in your web browser . 4 Log into the W eb Configurator . See the Chapter 2 on page 19 for instructions on how to do this. 5 Go to Maintenance > S[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 58 The following table describes t he labels shown in the Status screen. T able 24 Status Screen (Client Bridge Mode) LABEL DESCRIPTION Device Information System Name This is the Syst em Name you enter in the Maintenance > System > General screen. It is for identification purposes. Firmware V ersion Thi[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 59 4.5.2 Client Bridge Navigation Panel Use the menu in the navigation pane l to configure NBG-416N features in Client Bridge Mode . The following screen and tabl e show the features you can configure in Client Bridge Mode . Figure 38 Menu: Client Bridge Mode The following table describes t he sub-menus. Rate[...]

Chapter 4 Modes NBG-416N User’s Guide 60 Maintenance Syst e m Genera l Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and domain names, password and inactivity timer . Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG-416N’ s time and date. Logs View Log Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you selec[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 61 C HAPTER 5 Tutorials 5.1 Overview This chapter provides tutorials for your NBG-416N as follows: • How to Connect to the Internet from an AP • Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG-416N and Wireless Client • Enable and Configure Wireless Sec u rity without WPS on your NBG-416N 5.2 How to Connect to t[...]

Chapter 5 Tutorials NBG-416N User’s Guide 62 There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutori al shows you how to do both. • Push Button Config uratio n (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. See Section 5.2. 1.1 on page 62 .This is the easier method. • PIN Configuration - create a secure [...]

Chapter 5 Tutorials NBG-416N User’s Guide 63 The following figure shows y ou an example to set up wireless network and securit y by pressing a button on both NBG-416N an d wireless client (the NWD210N i n this example). Figure 40 Example WPS Process: PBC Method 5.2.1.2 PIN Configuration When you use the PIN configur ation meth od, y ou need to us[...]

Chapter 5 Tutorials NBG-416N User’s Guide 64 The following figure shows y ou the example to set up wireless network and security on NBG-416N and wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using PIN method. Figure 41 Example WPS Process: PIN Method Authentication by PIN SECURITY INFO WITHIN 2 MINUTES Wireless Client NBG-416N COMMUNICA T ION[...]

Chapter 5 Tutorials NBG-416N User’s Guide 65 5.3 Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG-416N This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters on y our NBG-416N. Fol low the steps below to configure the wireless set tings on your NBG-416N. The instructions require that your ha[...]

Chapter 5 Tutorials NBG-416N User’s Guide 66 5 Open the Status s creen. V erify y our wireless and wireless s ecurity settings under Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status . Figure 43 T ut orial: S t atus Screen 5.3.0.1 Configure Y our Notebook Note: We use the ZyXEL M-30 2 wireless adapt er utility scree[...]

Chapter 5 Tutorials NBG-416N User’s Guide 67 4 Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect . Figure 44 Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network t 5 Select WP A-PSK and type the securit y key in the following screen. Click Next . Figure 45 Security Settings 6 The Confirm Sav e window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue. Fi[...]

Chapter 5 Tutorials NBG-416N User’s Guide 68 7 Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below . If your wireless connection is weak or you have no connection, see the T roubleshooting section of this User’s Guide. Figure 47 Link S tatus If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http:// www .zyxel.c[...]

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NBG-416N User’s Guide 71 C HAPTER 6 Wireless LAN 6.1 Overview This chapter discusses how to configure th e wireles s network settings in your NBG-416N. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks. The following figure provides an example of a wireless network. Figure 48 Example of a Wireless Network The wireless netwo[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 72 6.2 What Y ou Can Do Wireless screens vary according to the device mode you are using. See Chapter 4 on page 37 for more information on device modes. •U s e t h e General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the S SID and select the wireless security mode ( Section 6.4 on page 75 ). •U s e t[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 73 6.3 What Y ou Should Know Every wireless network must fol low these basic guidelines. • Every wireless client in the same wi reless network must use th e same SSID . The SSID is the name of the wireless netw ork. It stands for Service Set IDentity . • If two wireless networks overlap , th ey sho[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 74 security). If a wireless client is not allowe d to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings. This type of secu rity does not prot ect the informat ion that is sent in th e wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways fo r unauthorized devices to get the MAC addres[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 75 6.3.1.4 WPS WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allo ws you to quickl y set up a wireless network with strong security , without having to conf igure secu rity settings manuall y . Depending on the devices in your network, y ou can eith[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 76 Click Netw ork > Wireless LAN to open the General screen. Figure 49 Network > Wireless LAN > General (Router or Access Poin t Mode) Figure 50 Network > Wireless LAN > General (Universal Repeater Mode) The following table describes t he genera l wireless L AN labels in this screen. T a[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 77 See the rest of this chapter for informat ion on the other labels in this screen. 6.4.1 No Security Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encrypti on. Operating Channel This displays the channel used by the wireless device to which you a[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 78 Note: If you do not enable an y wireless security on your NBG-416 N, your network is accessible to any wireless networ king de vice that is within range. Figure 51 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security The following table describes t he labels in this screen. 6.4.2 WEP Encryption WEP e[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 79 In order to configure and enable WEP encr yption; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list. Figure 52 Network > Wireless LAN > General: S tatic WEP The following table describes t he wirele ss LAN security labels in this scree[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 80 6.4.3 WP A-PSK/WP A2-PSK Click Networ k > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list. Figure 53 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WP A-PSK/WP A2-PSK The following table describes t he labels in this screen. Apply Click Apply to save yo[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 81 6.5 MAC Filter The MAC filter screen allows you to co nfigure the NBG-416N to giv e exclusiv e access to up to 16 devi ces (Allow) or ex clude up to 16 devices from accessing the NBG-416N (Deny). Every Ethernet devi ce has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC addr ess is assigned at [...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 82 T o change your NBG-416N’ s MAC filter settings, cli ck Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter . The screen appears as shown. Figure 54 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter The following table describes t he labels in this menu. T able 31 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter LABEL DES[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 83 6.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen Use this screen to allow i ntra-BS S ne tworking and set the R TS/CTS Threshold. Click Netw ork > Wireless LAN > Advanced . The screen appears as shown. Figure 55 Network > Wireless LAN > Adv anced (Universal Repeater Mode) The following table describes t[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 84 CTS Protection When set to None , the NBG-416N protects wireless communication against interference. Select Auto to let the NBG-416N determine whether to turn this feature on or off in the current en vironment. Tx Power This field con trols the transmis sion power of the NBG-416N. When using the NBG[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 85 6.7 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen Use the QoS screen to enable Wi fi MultiMedia Quality of Service (WM MQoS). This allows the NBG- 416N to autom atically set priority leve ls to service s, such as e- mail, V oIP , chat, and so on. Click Netw ork > Wireless LAN > QoS . The following screen ap[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 86 6.8 WPS Screen Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and check current WPS status. T o open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS tab. Figure 57 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 34 N[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 87 6.9 WPS S t ation Screen Use this screen when y ou want to add a wireless station using WPS . T o open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station tab . Note: Note: Af ter you click Push Button on this screen, you have to pr ess a similar button in the wireless st ation utility wit[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 88 on or off on certain days and at cert ain times. T o open this screen, click Ne twork > Wireless LAN > Scheduling tab. Figure 59 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 36 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling LABEL DESCRIP[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 89 6.1 1 AP Select Screen Use this screen to choose an acc ess point that you want the NBG-416N (in universa l repea ter or cl ient bri dge mo de) to connect to. Y ou should know the security settings of the target AP . T o open this screen, cl ick Network > Wireless LAN > AP Select tab. Figure 6[...]

Chapter 6 Wireless LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 90 6.12 WLAN Info Screen Use this screen to view the SSID and secu rity of the selected AP wireless ne twork when the NBG-416N is in cli ent bridge mode. T o open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > WLAN Info tab. Figure 61 Network > Wireless LAN > WLAN Info The following table desc[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 91 C HAPTER 7 WAN 7.1 Overview This chapter discusses the NBG-416N’ s WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your NBG-416N for Internet access. A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and oth[...]

Chapter 7 WAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 92 7.2.1 Configuring Y our Internet Connection Encap sulation Method Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. T o se t up a WAN connection to the Internet, y ou need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If y our[...]

Chapter 7 WAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 93 Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Addre ss and enter the IP address of the computer on the LA N whose MAC you are cloning. On ce it is successfully configured, the ad dress will be copied to configuration file . It is recommended that you clone the MAC addr es s prior to hooking up [...]

Chapter 7 WAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 94 The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 39 Network > W AN > Internet Connectio n: Ethernet Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Par ameters for Internet Access Connection T ype Y ou must choose the Ethernet option when the WA N port is used as a regular Ethernet. W AN IP Address[...]

Chapter 7 WAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 95 7.3.2 PPPoE Encap sulation The NBG-416N supports PPP oE (P oint- to-Po int Protocol o ver Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specif ying how a personal computer (PC) inter acts with a broadband modem (DSL, cabl e, wireless, etc. ) connection. The PPP over Ethernet option is for a dial-up connect[...]

Chapter 7 WAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 96 The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 40 Network > W AN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encap sulation LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Par ameters for Internet Access Connection Ty p e Select PPP over Ethernet if you connect to your Internet via dial-up. Service Name T ype the PPPoE servi[...]

Chapter 7 WAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 97 7.3.3 PPTP Encap sulation P oint-to-P oint T unneling P rot ocol (PPTP) is a network pr otocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server , creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using T CP/IP-based network s. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual priv ate n[...]

Chapter 7 WAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 98 The following table descri bes the labels in this screen. T able 41 Network > W AN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encap sulation LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Par ameters for Internet Access Connection T ype P oint-to-P oint T unneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data fro[...]

Chapter 7 WAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 99 W AN MAC Address The MAC address section allows users to con figure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-416N’ s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Fa c t o r y d e f a u l t Select Factory default to use the factory assig[...]

Chapter 7 WAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 100[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 101 C HAPTER 8 LAN 8.1 Overview This chapter describes how to configure LAN setti ngs. A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communicat ion system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens c an help you c[...]

Chapter 8 LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 102 8.2 What Y ou Need T o Know The actual physical connection determ ines whether the NBG-416N ports are LAN or W AN ports. There are two se parate IP networks, one insi de the LAN ne twork and the other outside the WAN network as shown next. Figure 67 LAN and W AN IP Addresses The LAN parameters of the NBG-41[...]

Chapter 8 LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 103 8.3 LAN IP Screen Use this screen to change y our basic LAN settings. Cl ick Network > LAN . Figure 68 Network > LAN > IP The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 42 Network > LAN > IP LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Address T ype the IP address of your NBG-416N in dotted decimal[...]

Chapter 8 LAN NBG-416N User’s Guide 104[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 105 C HAPTER 9 DHCP Server 9.1 Overview DHCP (Dynamic Host Configur ation Protocol , RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtai n TCP/IP config uration at start -up from a server . Y ou can configure the NBG-416N’ s LAN as a DHCP serv er or disable it. When configured as a server , the NBG-416N provides the [...]

Chapter 9 DHCP Server NBG-416N User’s Guide 106 9.4 General Screen Use this screen to enable the DHCP server . Click Net work > DHCP Server . The following screen displays. Figure 69 Network > DHCP Server > General The following table describes t he labels in this screen. 9.5 Advanced Screen This screen allows you t o assign IP addresses[...]

Chapter 9 DHCP Server NBG-416N User’s Guide 107 T o change your N BG-416N’s static DHCP sett ings, cli ck Network > DHCP Server > Advanced . The following scre en displays. Figure 70 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 44 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced LABEL DESCR[...]

Chapter 9 DHCP Server NBG-416N User’s Guide 108 9.6 Client List Screen The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address , Host Name and MAC Address ) of network clients us ing the NBG-416N’ s DHCP servers. Configure this screen to always assig n an IP address to a MAC address (and host name). Click Network > DHCP Se[...]

Chapter 9 DHCP Server NBG-416N User’s Guide 109 The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 45 Network > DHCP Server > Client List LABEL DESCRIPTION # This is the index number of the host computer . IP Address This field displays the IP addr ess relative to the # field listed above. Host Name This field displays the com[...]

Chapter 9 DHCP Server NBG-416N User’s Guide 11 0[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 111 C HAPTER 10 Network Address Translation 10.1 Overview This chapter discusses how to configure NA T on the NBG-416N. NA T (Network Ad dress T ranslation - NA T , RFC 1631) is the tr anslation of the IP address of a host in a packet. For exampl e, the source address of an out going packet, used within one network is change[...]

Chapter 10 Network Address Tran slation NBG-416N User’s Guide 11 2 Note: Y ou must create a firewall rule in additio n to sett ing up NA T , to allow traf fic from the W AN to be forwarded thro ugh the NBG-416N. 10.2 What Y ou Can Do •U s e t h e General screen to enable NA T and set a default server ( Section 10.3 on page 114 ). •U s e t h e[...]

Chapter 10 Network Addre ss Translation NBG-416N User’s Guide 11 3 Note: NA T never changes the IP address (eit her local or globa l) of an outside host. What NA T Does In the simplest form, NA T changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside l ocal address) to another (the inside global address) before forwardin[...]

Chapter 10 Network Address Tran slation NBG-416N User’s Guide 11 4 so incoming reply packets can have their original v alues restored. The f ollowing figure illustr ates this. Figure 73 How NA T Works 10.3 General NA T Screen Use this screen to enable NA T and set a default server . Click Network > NAT to open the General screen. Figure 74 Net[...]

Chapter 10 Network Addre ss Translation NBG-416N User’s Guide 11 5 10.4 NA T Application Screen Use the Application screen to forward incoming serv ice requests to the server(s) on your local network. Y ou may enter a si ngle port number or a r ange of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server . The port number [...]

Chapter 10 Network Address Tran slation NBG-416N User’s Guide 11 6 Ref e r t o Appendix E on page 223 for port numbers commonly used for particular services. Figure 75 Network > NA T > Application The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 48 Network > NA T > Application LABEL DESCRIPTION Add Application Rule Act[...]

Chapter 10 Network Addre ss Translation NBG-416N User’s Guide 11 7 10.5 T echnical Reference The following section contains additional technical information about the NBG- 416N features described in this chapter . 10.5.1 NA T Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers A port forw arding set is a list of insi de (behind NA T on the LAN) servers, f[...]

Chapter 10 Network Address Tran slation NBG-416N User’s Guide 11 8 In addition to the servers for specified services, NA T supports a default serv er . A service request that does not have a serv er explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server . If the default is no t defined, the servic e request is simply discarded. Note: Man[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 11 9 C HAPTER 11 Dynamic DNS 1 1.1 Overview Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS) services le t y ou use a fixed domain name w ith a dynamic IP address. Users can always use the same domain name instead of a different dynamic IP address that changes each time to connect to the NBG-416N or a server in yo ur network. Note: The NB[...]

Chapter 11 Dynamic DNS NBG-416N User’s Guide 120 Dynamic DNS Ty p e This field is only a vailable if y ou use the DynDNS service prov ider . Select the t ype of DNS service you are using. Use Dynamic DNS if you are using a dynamic IP address. Use Static DNS if you are hosting a server with a static IP address. Use Custom DNS if you w ant to keep [...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 121 C HAPTER 12 Firewall 12.1 Overview Use these screens to enable and configure the firewal l that protects your NBG- 416N and your LAN from unwanted or malicious traffic. Enable the firew all to protect your LAN co mput ers from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access between the LAN and W AN. By default the [...]

Chapter 12 Firewall NBG-416N User’s Guide 122 •U s e t h e Services screen to enable or disable ICMP and VPN passthrough features ( Section 12.5 on page 123 ). 12.3 What Y ou Need T o Know The NBG-416N’ s firewall feature physic ally separates the LAN and the WAN and acts as a secure gateway for all data passing between the networks. 12.3.1 A[...]

Chapter 12 Firewall NBG-416N User’s Guide 123 12.4 General Firewall Screen Use this screen to enable or disable th e NBG-416N’ s firewall, and set up firewall logs. C lick Security > Firewall to open the General screen. Figure 79 Security > Firewall > General The following table describes t he labels in this screen. 12.5 Services Scree[...]

Chapter 12 Firewall NBG-416N User’s Guide 124 The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 51 Security > Firewall > Services LABEL DESCRIPTION ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error - reporting protocol between a host server and a gatew ay to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) d[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 125 C HAPTER 13 Remote Management 13.1 Overview This chapter provides information on the Remote Manage ment screens. Re mote management allows you to determi ne which services/protocols can acces s which NBG-416N interface (if an y) from which computers. Y ou m ay manage your NBG-416N fro m a remote location via: Note: When [...]

Chapter 13 Remote Management NBG-416N User’s Guide 126 13.1.1 Remote Management Limit ations Re mote management over LAN or W AN will not work when: 1 Y ou have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens. 2 The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the NBG-[...]

Chapter 13 Remote Manag ement NBG-416N User’s Guide 127 13.2 WWW Screen T o change your NBG-416N’ s W orld Wide W eb settings, click Management > Remote MGMT to display the WWW screen. Figure 81 Managemen t > Remote MGMT > WWW The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 52 Management > Remot e MGMT > WWW LABE[...]

Chapter 13 Remote Management NBG-416N User’s Guide 128[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 129 C HAPTER 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 14.1 Overview This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the W eb Configurator . Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a d ist ributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer -to-peer ne twork connec tivity betwe en devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a n[...]

Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) NBG-416N User’s Guide 130 See the NA T chapter for more information on NA T . Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NA T traversal applications in establishing thei r own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configur ation may also be obtain[...]

Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) NBG-416N User’s Guide 131 The following table describes t he labels in this screen. 14.3.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows y ou how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP . Y ou must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activ ated on the NBG-416N. Make sure the computer is[...]

Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) NBG-416N User’s Guide 132 3 In the Internet Connection Properties window , click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. Figure 84 Internet Con nection Properties 4 Y ou may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. Figure 85 Internet Con nect[...]

Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) NBG-416N User’s Guide 133 Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected fro m your computer , all port mappings will be dele ted automatically . 5 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK . An icon displays in the system tr ay . Figure 87 System T ray Icon 6 Double-cli[...]

Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) NBG-416N User’s Guide 134 3 Select My Network Places under Other Places . Figure 89 Network Connections 4 An icon with the description f or each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network . 5 Right- click on the icon for your NBG-416N and select Invoke . The W eb Configurator log in screen displays [...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 135 C HAPTER 15 System 15.1 Overview This chapter provides information on the System screens. See the chapter about wizard setup for mo re information on t he next fe w screen s. 15.2 What Y ou Can Do •U s e t h e General screen t o enter a name to id entify the NBG-416N in the network and set the password ( Section 15.3 o[...]

Chapter 15 Syste m NBG-416N User’s Guide 136 The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 54 Maintenance > System > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Syst e m S et up Syst e m N am e System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG-416N in an Ethernet network. It is recomme nded you enter your computer’s “Computer name ” i[...]

Chapter 15 System NBG-416N User’s Guide 137 15.4 T ime Setting Screen T o change your NBG-416N’ s time and date, click Mainten ance > System > Time Setting . The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the NBG- 416N’ s time based on your local time zone. Figure 92 Maintenance > System > T ime Setting The following ta[...]

Chapter 15 Syste m NBG-416N User’s Guide 138 New Time (hh:mm:ss) This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually . When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual , enter the new time in this field and then click Apply . New Date (yyyy/mm/dd) This field displays the last updated date from the tim e s[...]

Chapter 15 System NBG-416N User’s Guide 139 End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Sa ving Time ends if you selected Daylight Savings . The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples: Daylight Saving Time ends in the Un ited States on the last Sunday of October . Each time zone in the United States stops [...]

Chapter 15 Syste m NBG-416N User’s Guide 140[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 141 C HAPTER 16 Logs 16.1 Overview This chapter contains information abou t configuring general log set tings and viewing the NBG-416N’ s logs. The W eb Configurator allows you t o look at all of the NBG-416N’ s logs in one location. 16.2 What Y ou Need to Know An alert is a type of log that w arrants mo re serious at te[...]

Chapter 16 Log s NBG-416N User’s Guide 142 Click Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen. Figure 93 Maintenance > Lo gs > View Log The following table describes t he labels in this screen. T able 56 Maintenance > Logs > V iew Log LABEL DESCRIPTION Ref r e s h Click Refresh to renew the log screen. Clear Logs Click Clear Logs[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 143 C HAPTER 17 Tools 17.1 Overview This chapter shows you how t o upload a new firmware, upload or sa ve backup configur ation files and restart the NBG-416N. 17.2 What Y ou Can Do •U s e t h e Firmware screen to upload firmware to your NBG-416N ( Section 17.3 on page 143 ). •U s e t h e Co nfiguration scree n to view i[...]

Chapter 17 To ols NBG-416N User’s Guide 144 Click Maintenance > Too ls . Fol low the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to y our NBG-416N. Figure 94 Maintenance > T ools > Firmware The following table describes t he labels in this screen. Note: Do not turn of f the NBG-416N while firmware upload is in progress! After you see [...]

Chapter 17 Tools NBG-416N User’s Guide 145 The NBG-416N automatically restarts in thi s time causing a temporary net work disconnect. In some oper ating systems, y ou may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 96 Network T emporarily Disconnected After two minutes, log in again and ch eck your new firmware version in the Status screen. If[...]

Chapter 17 To ols NBG-416N User’s Guide 146 17.4 Configuration Screen Click Maintenance > Too ls > Configuration . Informat ion rela ted to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configur ation appears as shown next. Figure 98 Maintenance > T ools > Configuration 17.4.1 Backup Configuration Backup configur ation allows [...]

Chapter 17 Tools NBG-416N User’s Guide 147 Note: Do not turn of f the NBG-416N while configuration file upload is in progress. After you see a “confi guration upload su ccessful” screen, you must then w ait one minute before logging into the NBG-416N again. Figure 99 Configura tion Restore Successful The NBG-416N automatically restarts in thi[...]

Chapter 17 To ols NBG-416N User’s Guide 148 Y ou can also press the RESET button on the rear pane l to reset the factory defaults of your NBG- 416N. Refer t o Section 2.3.1 on page 21 for more informat ion on th e RESET button. 17.5 Rest art Screen System rest art allows you to reboot th e NBG-416N without turn ing the power off . Click Maintenan[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 149 C HAPTER 18 Sys OP Mode 18.1 Overview The Sys OP Mod e (System Operation Mod e) function lets you con figure se lect the device operation mode: R outer, Access Point, Client Bridge or Universal Repeater . See Chapter 4 on page 37 for more information on which mode to choose. 18.2 General Screen Use this screen to select [...]

Chapter 18 Sy s OP Mode NBG-416N User’s Guide 150 If you se lect Router mode, the following pop-up message window appears. Figure 104 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Rout er • In this mode there are both LAN and WAN ports. The LAN Ethernet and W AN Ethernet ports have di fferent IP addresses. • The DHCP server on y our device is en[...]

Chapter 18 Sys OP Mode NBG-416N User’s Guide 151 • The DHCP server on y our device is di sabled. In this mode there must be a device with a DHCP server on your netw ork such as a router which can allocate IP addresses or else you n eed to manually assign IP addresses to devices on your network. • The LAN IP address of the NBG-416N is set to 1[...]

Chapter 18 Sy s OP Mode NBG-416N User’s Guide 152[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 153 C HAPTER 19 Language 19.1 Language Screen Use this screen to change the language for t he W eb Configurator displa y . Click the language you prefer . The W eb Configurator language changes after a while without restarting the NBG-416N. Figure 106 Language Figure 107 Language Chang e Example[...]

Chapter 19 Langu age NBG-416N User’s Guide 154[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 155 C HAPTER 20 Troubleshooting This chapter offers some suggesti ons to solve problems you mi ght encounter . The potential problems are divided into the following categories . • P ower , Hardware Connections, and LEDs • NBG-416N Access and Login • Internet Access • Resett ing the NBG-416N to Its F actory Defaults ?[...]

Chapter 20 Tro u blesh oo tin g NBG-416N User’s Guide 156 3 Inspect your cables for damage. Cont act the vendor to replace any damaged cables. 4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG-416N. 5 If the problem continues, contac t the vendor . 20.2 NBG-416N Access and Login I don’t know the IP addr ess of my NBG-416N. 1 The default [...]

Chapter 20 Trou bleshooting NBG-416N User’s Guide 157 1 The default username is admin and default password is 1234 . 2 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its fact ory defaults. See Section 20.4 on page 159 . I cannot see or access the Login screen in the W eb Configurator . 1 Make sure you are using t he correct IP address. ?[...]

Chapter 20 Tro u blesh oo tin g NBG-416N User’s Guide 158 1 Make sure you have entered the password correctly . The default username is admin and default password is 1234 . This field is case-sensitiv e, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2 This can happen when y ou fail to log out properly from y our last session. T ry logging in again af ter 5[...]

Chapter 20 Trou bleshooting NBG-416N User’s Guide 159 3 If the problem continues, contac t your ISP . The Internet conn ection is slow or intermittent. 1 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.3 on page 15 . If the NBG-416N is sending or re ceivi ng a lot of information, try closing some programs tha[...]

Chapter 20 Tro u blesh oo tin g NBG-416N User’s Guide 160 If the NBG-416N restarts automat ically , wait for the NBG-416N to finish restarting, and log in t o the W e b Configur ator . The username is admin and password is 1234 . If the NBG-416N does not restart automatically , di sconnect and reconnect the NBG-416N’ s power . Then, follow the [...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 161 A PPENDIX A IP Addresses and Subnetting This appendix introduces IP addresses a nd subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Ev ery networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also [...]

Appendix A I P Addresses and Subnetting NBG-416N User’s Guide 162 Figure 108 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the netw ork number and how much is the host ID v aries according to the subnet mask. Subnet Masks A subnet mask is used to determine which bits ar e part of the network number , and which bits are part of the host[...]

Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting NBG-416N User’s Guide 163 Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal nota tion just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Network Size The size of the network number determ ines the maximum number of possible hosts [...]

Appendix A I P Addresses and Subnetting NBG-416N User’s Guide 164 Subnetting Y ou can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons. In this example, the company netwo[...]

Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting NBG-416N User’s Guide 165 Figure 1 10 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits , so each sub-network has a maximum of 2 7 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’ s address itself , all ones is the subnet’ s broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 [...]

Appendix A I P Addresses and Subnetting NBG-416N User’s Guide 166 Example: Eight Subnet s Similarly , use a 27-bit mask to create eight subn ets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 11 1). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet. T able 65 Subnet 2 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VA L U E IP Address 1[...]

Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting NBG-416N User’s Guide 167 Subnet Planning The following table is a summary fo r subnet planni ng on a network with a 24-bit network number . The following table is a summary fo r subnet planni ng on a network with a 16-bit network number . 7 192 193 222 223 8 224 225 254 255 T able 68 Eight Subnets (continue[...]

Appendix A I P Addresses and Subnetting NBG-416N User’s Guide 168 Configuring IP Addresses Where you obtain your n etwork number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns y ou a block of regist ered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP di[...]

Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting NBG-416N User’s Guide 169 computer B which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different static IP address to computer A or setting computer A to ob ta in a n I P a dd r es s automatically . F i g u r e 111 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example Con[...]

Appendix A I P Addresses and Subnetting NBG-416N User’s Guide 170 Figure 1 13 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Ex ample[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 171 A PPENDIX B Setting Up Y our Computer ’ s IP Address Note: Y our specific NBG-416N may not support all of the oper ating systems described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which operating syst ems are supported. This appendix shows you how to configure the IP se ttings on your[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 172 2 In the Control Panel , click the Network Connections icon. 3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties . 4 On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/I P) and then click Properties .[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 173 5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 174 6 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically . Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address , Subnet mask , and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assi[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 175 Windows V ist a This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional. 1 Click Start > Control Panel . 2 In the Control Panel , click the Network and Internet icon. 3 Click the Network and Sharing Center icon. 4 Click Manage network connections .[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 176 5 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties . Note: During this procedure, cl ick Continue whenever Windows displa ys a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. 6 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv 4) and then select Propertie[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 177 7 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 178 8 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically . Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address , Subnet mask , and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assi[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 179 Windows 7 This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise. 1 Click Start > Control Panel . 2 In the Control Panel , click View network status and tasks under the Network and Intern et category . 3 Click Change adapter settings . 4 Double click Local Area Connect[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 180 Note: During this procedure, cl ick Continue whenever Windows displa ys a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. 5 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv 4) and then select Properties .[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 181 6 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 182 7 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically . Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address , Subnet mask , and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assi[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 183 Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 The screens in this section are from Ma c OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3. 1 Click Apple > System Preferen ces . 2 In the System Preferen ces window , click the Network icon.[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 184 3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Et hernet from the network connection type list, and then click Config ure. 4 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configur e IPv4 list in the TCP/IP tab.[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 185 5 For statically assigned settings, do the following: •F r o m t h e Configure IPv 4 list, select Manually . •I n t h e IP Address field, type y our IP address. •I n t h e Subnet Mask field, type your subnet m ask. •I n t h e Router field, type the IP address of[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 186 Figure 1 14 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 The screens in this section are from Ma c OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6. 1 Click Apple > System Preferen ces . 2 In System Preferen ces , click the Network icon.[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 187 3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of av ailable connection types. 4 From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings. 5 For statically assigned settings, do the following: •F r o m t h e Configure list[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 188 •I n t h e IP Address field, enter your IP address. •I n t h e Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask. •I n t h e Router field, enter the IP address of your NBG-416N. 6 Click Apply and close the window. V erifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicki[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 189 Figure 1 15 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) This section shows you how to configure y our comp uter’s T C P/IP settings in the GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux di stribution. The procedure, screens and file locations[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 190 3 In the Authenticate window, enter y our admin account name and password then click the Authenticate button. 4 In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties .[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 191 5 The Properties dialog box opens. •I n t h e Config uration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you ha ve a dynamic IP address. •I n t h e Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address , Subnet mask [...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 192 8 Click the Close button to apply the changes. V erifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Ad ministrati on > Network Tools , and then selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics column shows da[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 193 Figure 1 16 Ubuntu 8: Network T ools Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) This section shows you how to configure y our computer ’ s TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment (KDE) using the open SUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. Th e procedure, screens and file locations may va[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 194 2 When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK . 3 When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card icon.[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 195 4 When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button. 5 When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 196 Figure 1 17 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup 6 Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dyn amic IP address. Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address , Subnet mask , and Hostname fields. 7 Click Next to save the c[...]

Appendix B Setting Up You r Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 197 9 Click Finish to save your settings and close the window . V erifying Settings Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Conne c tion Informatio n . Figure 1 18 openS USE 10.3: KNetwork Manag[...]

Appendix B Se tting Up Your Computer’s IP Address NBG-416N User’s Guide 198 Figure 1 19 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork M anager[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 199 A PPENDIX C Pop-up Windows, JavaScript s and Java Permissions In order to use the web configur ator you need to allow: • W eb browser pop-up windows from your device. • Jav aScripts (enabled by default). • Jav a permissions (enabled by default). Note: The screens used below belong to Intern et Explorer versi on 6, [...]

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Ja va Permissions NBG-416N User’s Guide 200 Figure 121 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Click Apply to save this setting. Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively , if you only w ant to allow pop-up windows from y our device, see the following steps. 1 In Internet Explorer , se lect Tools , Intern[...]

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts an d Java Permissions NBG-416N User’s Guide 201 Figure 122 Internet Options: Privacy 3 T ype the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to hav e blocked) with the prefix “http://” . For example, http://192.168.167.1. 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites . [...]

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Ja va Permissions NBG-416N User’s Guide 202 5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6 Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScript s If pages of the web configurator do not display prop erly in Internet Explorer , check that JavaScripts are allowed. 1 In Internet Explorer , click Tools , Internet [...]

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts an d Java Permissions NBG-416N User’s Guide 203 Figure 125 Security Settings - Jav a Scripting Java Permissions 1 From Internet Explorer , click Tools , Internet Opti ons and then the Security tab. 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM . 4 Under Java permissions make sure that a s[...]

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Ja va Permissions NBG-416N User’s Guide 204 Figure 126 Security Settings - Jav a JA V A (Sun) 1 From Internet Explorer , click Tools , Internet Opti ons and then the Advanc ed tab . 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected. 3 Click OK to close the window. Figure 127 Jav[...]

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts an d Java Permissions NBG-416N User’s Guide 205 Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other v ersions may vary slightly . The steps below apply to Mozilla Firefox 3.0 as well. Y ou can enable Jav a, Javascripts an d pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in th[...]

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Ja va Permissions NBG-416N User’s Guide 206 Opera Opera 10 screens are used here. Screens for o ther versions may v ary slightly . Allowing Pop-Ups From Opera, click Tools , then Preferences . In the General tab, go to Choo se how you prefer to handle pop-ups and select Open all pop-ups . Figure 130 Oper[...]

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts an d Java Permissions NBG-416N User’s Guide 207 Figure 131 Opera: Enabling Java T o customize JavaScript behavior in th e Opera browser , click JavaScript Options . Figure 132 Opera: Jav aScript Options Select the items you want Opera’ s JavaScript to apply .[...]

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Ja va Permissions NBG-416N User’s Guide 208[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 209 A PPENDIX D Wireless LANs Wireless LAN T opologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an indepe ndent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless a[...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 210 Figure 134 Basic Service Set ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN[...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 21 1 Figure 135 Infrastructure WLAN Channel A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to tr ansmit and receive data. Channels av ailable depend on your geographical area. Y ou may hav e a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent [...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 212 Figure 136 RT S/CTS When station A sends data to the AP , it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both st[...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 213 Preamble T ype Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver . Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet. Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adap[...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 214 The following figure shows the relative effectivenes s of these wireless security methods available on your NBG-416N. Note: Y ou must enable the same wireless secu rity sett ings on the NBG-416N and on all wireless clients that you w ant to associate with it. IEEE 802.1x In June 2001, the IEEE 8 [...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 215 RADIUS is a simple package exchange in wh ich your AP acts as a me ssage relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server . T ypes of RADIUS Messages The following types of RADIUS messages are ex changed between the access point and the R ADIUS server for user authen tication: • [...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 216 EAP-MD5 (Message-Dig est Algorithm 5) MD5 authentication is the simplest one-w ay authentication method. The authentication serv er sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back th[...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 217 If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption k ey in the wireless security configuration screen. Y ou may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic WEP is enabled. Note: EAP-MD5 cann ot be used with Dynamic WEP K ey Exchange For a[...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 218 called Rijndael. They both include a per -packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with se quencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. WPA and WPA2 regu larly change and rotate the encryp tion k eys s o that the same encrypti[...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 219 WP A(2) with RADIUS Application Example T o set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server , its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) applicat ion exa mple with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server . "DS&[...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 220 4 The AP and wireless clie nts use the TKIP or AE S encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create tempor al encryp tion keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them. Figure 138 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication Security Pa rameters Summary R efer to th[...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 221 Po sitioning the antennas properly increases the range an d coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna Characteristics Frequency An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz or 5GHz is n eeded to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN Radiation Pattern A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you t[...]

Appendix D Wireless LANs NBG-416N User’s Guide 222 F or directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of th e desired cover age area.[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 223 A PPENDIX E Common Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port number s, ICMP t ype/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (I nterne t Assigned Number Authority) web site. • Name : This is a short, descriptive name f[...]

Appendix E C ommon Services NBG-416N User’s Guide 224 HT TPS TC P 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often u sed in e- commerce. ICMP User-Defined 1 Internet Control Message Pr otocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes. ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular In ternet chat program. IGMP (MUL TICAST) User-Defined 2 Internet Group Ma nagemen[...]

Appendix E Common Services NBG-416N User’s Guide 225 SQL -NET TCP 1521 Structured Que ry Language is an interface to access data on many diffe rent types of database systems, includin g mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and n etwork servers. SSH TCP / UD P 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program. STRM WORK S UDP 1558 Stream W orks Protocol.[...]

Appendix E C ommon Services NBG-416N User’s Guide 226[...]

NBG-416N User’s Guide 227 A PPENDIX F Legal Information Copyright Copyright © 2012 by Z yXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, tr anslated into any language, or tr ansmitted in any form or by an y means, electronic, mechanical, [...]

Appendix F Lega l Information NBG-416N User’s Guide 228 This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to P art 15 of the FCC Rules. Thes e limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can rad[...]

Appendix F Legal Information NBG-416N User’s Guide 229 implied warr anty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable fo r indirect or consequential damages of an y kind to the purchaser . T o obtain the services of this warranty , co ntact your vendor . Y ou may also refer to the warr anty[...]

Appendix F Lega l Information NBG-416N User’s Guide 230 National Restrictions This product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU directive 1999/5/EC) without any limitation except for the countries mentioned below: Ce produit peut être utilisé dans tous les pays de l’UE (et dans tous les pays ay ant transposés[...]

Appendix F Legal Information NBG-416N User’s Guide 231 The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and T elecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link h aving a range ex ceeding 300 meters. Please check http:// www . bipt.be for more details. Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een re ikwijdte van meer dan 300 [...]

Appendix F Lega l Information NBG-416N User’s Guide 232 Notes: 1. Although Norw ay , Switzerland and Liecht enstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive 1999/5/EC has also been implemented in those countries. 2. The regulatory limits for maximum output po wer are specified in EIRP . The EIRP level (in dBm) of a device can be calculated by a[...]

Appendix F Legal Information NBG-416N User’s Guide 233 • Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one. • Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. • Do NO T obstruct the device ventilation slots, a[...]

Appendix F Lega l Information NBG-416N User’s Guide 234[...]

Index NBG-416N User’s Guide 235 Index A Address Assignment 92 Advanced Encryption Standard See AES. AES 217 Alert 141 alternative subnet mask notation 163 antenna directional 221 gain 221 omni-directional 221 AP 13 AP (access point) 21 1 AP Mode menu 45 , 50 overview 37 status screen 40 , 48 , 53 , 57 AP+Bridge 13 B Backup configuration 146 Basic[...]

Index NBG-416N User’s Guide 236 DynDNS see also DDNS 11 9 E EAP Authentication 215 encryption 74 , 217 and local (user) database 74 key 74 WPA compatible 74 ESS 210 ESSID 160 Extended Service S et, See ESS 21 0 Extended wireless security 27 F Fa c t o r y L A N d e f a u l t s 102 , 105 FCC interference statement 227 Firewall ICMP packets 123 Z y[...]

Index NBG-416N User’s Guide 237 MAC filter 81 managing the device good habits 14 MBSSID 13 Media access control 81 Memory usage 42 , 49 , 54 , 58 Message Integrity Check (MIC) 217 mode 13 N NA T 111 , 11 4 , 168 global 11 2 how it works 111 , 11 3 inside 11 2 local 11 2 outside 11 2 overview 111 port forwarding 11 7 see also Network Address T ran[...]

Index NBG-416N User’s Guide 238 S safety warnings 232 Scheduling 87 Service Set 77 Service Set IDentification 77 , 89 , 90 Service Set IDentity . See SSID. SSID 41 , 49 , 53 , 54 , 58 , 73 , 77 , 89 , 90 stateful inspection firewall 121 Static DHCP 106 subnet 161 Subnet Mask 103 subnet mask 33 , 162 subnetting 164 Summary DHCP table 42 Pack et st[...]

Index NBG-416N User’s Guide 239 WPA 217 key caching 218 pre-authentication 218 user authentication 218 vs WPA -PSK 218 wireless client supplicant 218 with RADIUS application example 219 WPA compatible 74 WPA2 217 user authentication 218 vs WP A2-PSK 218 wireless client supplicant 218 with RADIUS application example 219 WPA2-Pre- Shared Key 217 WP[...]

Index NBG-416N User’s Guide 240[...]