Epson WorkForce WF-2010W manual

User’s Guide NPD4680-00 EN[...]

Copyright and Trademarks Copyright and Trademarks No part of this publication may be re produced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical , photocopyi ng, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Seiko Epson Corporation. No patent liability is assumed with respect to t[...]

Contents Copyright and Trademarks C o p y r i g h t a n d T r a d e m a r k s ................... 2 Introduction W h e r e t o F i n d I n f o r m a t i o n ................... 5 C a u t i o n , I m p o r t a n t a n d N o t e .... .......... ... 5 O p e r a t i n g S y s t e m V e r s i o n s ................... 5 Important Instructions S a f e t [...]

Using the Print Head Alignment utility for M a c O S X .. ........ ......... .......... 5 0 C l e a n i n g t h e P a p e r G u i d e ................... 5 1 Using the Paper Guide Cleaning utility for W i n d o w s ..................... ........ 5 1 Using the Paper Guide Cleaning util ity for Mac O S X .... ........... ......... ........ 5 1 S a v [...]

Introduction Where to Find Information The latest version of the fol lowing manuals are available on the Epson support website. http://www.epson.eu/Support (Europe) http://support.epson.net/ (other than Europe) ❏ Start Here (paper): Provides you with informatio n on setting up the product and installing the software. ❏ User’s Guide (PDF ): Pr[...]

❏ Windows XP refers to Windows XP Home Edition, Wi ndows XP Professional x64 Edition, and Windows XP Professional. ❏ Mac OS X refers to Mac OS X 10. 5.8, 10.6.x, 10.7.x. User’s Guide Introduction 6[...]

Important Instructions Safety Instructions Read and follow these instructions to en sure safe use of this pr oduct. Make sure you keep this guide for future reference. Also, be sure to follow all warni ngs and instruct ions marked on the product. ❏ Use only the power cord supplied with the product and do not use the cord with any other equipment.[...]

❏ Avoid electrical outlets controlled by wall switches or automatic timers . ❏ Keep the entire computer system away from potential sources of elec tromagnetic interference, such as loudspeakers or the base un its o f cordless telephones. ❏ The power-supply cords should be placed to avoid abrasi ons, cuts, fraying, crimping, and kinking. Do no[...]

❏ During the life of yo ur product it may be necessary to replace the waste ink pad when it has become full. Whether and how often this is required will vary according to the number of pages you print, the type of material that you print and the number of cleaning cycles that the product performs. Epson Status Monito r or lights on the control pa[...]

Getting to Know Your Product Product Parts a. Edge guide b. Paper sup port c. Rear paper feed d. Printer cover e. Output tray f. Output tray extension g. Stopper a. Printer cover b. Ink cartridge holder c. Print head (under the ink cartridge holder) User’s Guide Getting to Know Your Product 10[...]

a. AC inlet b. LAN port c. USB connector Guide to the Control Panel Buttons Buttons Function a P *1 *2 Turns the product on or off. b Wi-Fi Press to clear network error. c *1 Prints a networ k status sheet. d *2 Cancels printing during a print job. Resumes printing after a paper out error, paper jam error, multi-feed error, or ink pads nearing-the-[...]

Lights Lights Function P On when the prod uct is on. Flashes when the product is receiving data, prin ting, replacing an ink cartridge, chargin g ink, or cleaning the print head. Stays on while the product is connected to a network. Flashes while networ k settings are being adjusted (green: Wi-Fi/orange: Ethernet). & “Error indicators” on p[...]

Paper and Media Handling Introduction to Using, Loading, and Storing Media You can achieve good results with most types of plain pa per. However, coated papers prov ide superior prints because they absorb less ink. Epson provides special papers that are formulated for the ink used in Epson ink jet products, and recomm ends these papers to ensure hi[...]

Media Type Size Loading capa city (sheets) Borderless printing Plain paper *1 Letter *2 up to 11mm - A4 *2 up to 11mm - B5 *2 up to 11mm - A5 *2 up to 11mm - A6 *2 up to 11mm - Legal 1 - User Defined 1 - Envelope #10 10 - DL 10 - C6 10 - Epson Bright White Ink Jet Paper A4 *2 80 - Epson Photo Quality Ink Jet Paper A4 80 - Epson Matte Paper - Heavyw[...]

Note: The availability of pape r varies by location. Paper type settings from the pri nter driver The product automatically adjusts itself fo r the type of pa per you select in your print settings. That is why the paper type setting is so important. It tel ls your product what kind of paper you are usin g and adjusts the ink coverage accordingly. T[...]

A Slide out the paper support and the outp ut tray and then raise the stopper. Note: Leave enough space in front of the product for the paper to be fully ejected. B Slide the edge guide to the left. C Load paper with the printable side up, against the right side of the rear paper feed. User’s Guide Paper and Media Handling 16[...]

Note: ❏ Fan and align the edges of the pa per before loading. ❏ The printable side is often whiter or brighter than the other side. ❏ Always load paper into the rear pape r feed short edge f irst, even when you are printing landscape -oriented pictures. ❏ You can use the following sizes of paper with binding holes: A4, A5, A6, Legal, Letter[...]

Printing Printer Driver and Status Monitor The printer driver lets y ou choose from a wide variety o f settin gs to get th e best printing results. The status monit or and the printer utilit ies help you check the prod uct and keep it in to p operati ng condition. Note for Windows users: ❏ Your printer driver automatically finds and installs the [...]

❏ Windows XP : Click Start , Control Panel , ( Printers and Other Hardware ,) t hen Printers and Faxes . Select the product, then click Printing Prefer ences on th e File me nu. From the shortcut icon on the taskbar Right-click the product icon on the taskbar, then sel ect Printer Settings . To add a shortcut icon to the Windows taskbar, first ac[...]

Basic Operations Basic printing Note: ❏ The screen shots in this section may va ry depending on the mod el. ❏ Before you print, load paper properly. & “Loading Paper an d Envelopes” on page 15 ❏ Refer to the section belo w for the printable area. & “Printable area” on page 76 ❏ After completing the setting s, print one test [...]

E Check Borderless to print borderless photos. & “Selecting Paper” on page 13 If you want to contro l the amount of the image that extends bey ond the edges of t he paper, click the Settings button, select Auto Expand as the Method of Enlargement, and then adjust the Amount of Enlargement slider. F Select Portrait (tall) or Landscape (wide)[...]

B Access the Print dialog box. & “Accessing the printer driver for Mac OS X” on page 19 Note: If the simplified status mo nitor is displayed, click the Show Details button (for Mac OS X 10.7) or the d button (for Mac OS X 10.6 or 10.5 ) to extend this dialog box. C Select the product you are using as the Printer setting. Note: Depending on [...]

F Select Print Settings from the pop-up menu. G Select the appropriate Media Type setting. & “Paper type settings from the printer driver” on page 15 H Select the appropriate Expansion setting during borderle ss printing to control the amount of the image that extends beyond the edges of the paper. I Click Print to start printing. Canceling[...]

A Access the EPSON Status Monitor 3. & “For Windows ” on page 60 B Click the Print Queue button. The Window s Spooler appears. C Right-click on the job you want to cancel and then select Cancel . For Mac OS X Follow the steps below to cancel a print job. A Click your product icon in the Dock. B In the Document Name list, select the document[...]

Epson Easy Photo Print lets you lay out and print digi tal images on vari ous type s of paper. The step-by-step instructions in the window let you preview the printed imag es and get the effects you want without having to make any difficult settings. Using the Quick Print function, you can perform on e-click printing with the settings you make. Sta[...]

2-sided printing is only available for the following papers and sizes. Paper Size Plain paper Legal, Letter, A4, B5, A5, A6 Epson Bright White Ink Jet Paper A4 Note: ❏ This feature is not available for Mac OS X. ❏ This feature may not be av ailable at some settings. ❏ This feature may not be available when the produ ct is ac cessed over a net[...]

Fit to page printing Lets you automatically enlarge or reduce the size of you r do cument to fit the paper size select ed in the printer driver. Note: This feature may not be av ailable at some settings. Product settings for Wind ows A Access the printer se ttings. & “Accessing the printer driver for Windows” on page 18 B Select Reduce/Enla[...]

Pages per sheet printing Lets you use the printer driv er to print two or four pages on a si ngle sheet of paper. Note: This feature may not be av ailable at some settings. Product settings for Wind ows A Access the printer se ttings. & “Accessing the printer driver for Windows” on page 18 B Select 2-Up or 4-Up as Multi-Page i n the Main ta[...]

Sharing the Product for Printing Setup for Windows These instructions tell you h ow to set up your product so other users on the network can share it. First you will set up the product as a shared printer on th e computer directly conne cted to it. Then you wil l add the product to each network comp uter that will access it. Note: ❏ These instruc[...]

If you want to aut omatically download printer drivers for compu ters that are running different versions of Windows, click Addition al Drivers and select the environment and the operating system s of the other computers. Click OK , then insert the pr oduct software disk. D Click OK or Close (if you installed additiona l drivers). Adding the produc[...]

B Windows 7 and Vista: Click the Add a printer button. Windows XP: Click the Add a printer button. The Add Pri nter Wizard appears. Click the Next button. C Windows 7 and Vista: Click Add a network, wire less or Bluetooth printer , and then click Next . Windows XP: Select A network printer, or a printer attached to an other computer , then click Ne[...]

Replacing Ink Cartridges Ink Cartridge Safety Instructions, Precautions, and Specifications Safety instructions Observe the following when h andling the ink cartridges: ❏ Keep ink cartridges out of the reach of childre n. ❏ Be careful when you handle used ink cartridges, as there may be some ink arou nd the ink supply port. If ink gets on your [...]

❏ Do not touch th e green IC chip or th e small window on the side of the cartridge. Doing so may prevent normal operation and printing. ❏ Do not leave the product with the ink ca rtridges remov ed or do not turn off the product during cartridge replacement. Otherwise, ink remaining in the print head nozzles will dry out and you may not be able[...]

❏ Install all ink cartridges; otherwise, you cannot print. ❏ When color ink is expended and black ink still remains, you can continue printing temporarily with black ink only. For more information refer to “Temporarily Printing with Black Ink When Color Ink Cartri dges are Expended” on page 36 . ❏ If an ink cartridge is running low, prepa[...]

To check the ink cartridg e status, do one of the following: ❏ Open the printer driver, click the Main tab, and then click the Ink Levels button. ❏ Double-cli ck the product shor tcut icon on your Windows taskbar. To add a shortcut icon to the taskbar, see the following section: & “From the shortcut icon on the taskbar” on page 19 ❏ O[...]

B Click the EPSON Status M onitor icon. The EPSON Status Monitor appears. Note: ❏ The graphic displa ys the ink cartridge status when EPSON Stat us Monitor was first opened. To update the ink cartridge status, click Update . ❏ The ink lev els dis played ar e an approximate indication. Temporarily Printing with Black Ink When Color Ink Cartridge[...]

For Windows Note: This function is available only when EP SON Status Monitor 3 is enabled . To enabl e the status monitor, access the printer driver and click the Maintena nce tab followed by the Extended Settings button. In the Extended Settings window, check the Enable EPSON Status Monitor 3 check box. Follow the steps below to continue printing [...]

D Click the Main tab, and make suitable settings. E Select plain papers or Envelope as the Paper Type setting. F Select the Grayscale as the Color setting. G Click OK to close the printer settings window. H Print your file. I EPSON Status Monit or 3 is display ed on your computer screen again. Click Print in Black to print with blac k ink. For Mac [...]

D Load plain paper or envelope. E Access the Print dialog box. & “Accessing the printer driver for Mac OS X” on page 19 F Click the Show Details button (for Mac OS X 10.7) or the d button (for Mac OS X 10.6 or 10.5) to extend this dialog box. G Select the product you are using as the Printe r setting, and then make suitable settings. H Sele[...]

❏ Click the Yes button to use a mixture of color inks to create bl ack. You will see the same window the next time you print a similar job. ❏ Click the No button to continue using the re maining black ink for the job you are printing. You will see the same window the next time you print a similar job, an d again have the option to conserve blac[...]

c Important: Do not move the ink cartridge holder by hand; otherw ise, you may damage the product. Always press the + button to move it. C Press the + button again. If more than one ink cartridge is expended , the ink cartrid ge holder moves to t he mark. This occurs each time you press the + butt on until all expended ink cartridges have been indi[...]

c Important: ❏ Be careful not to break the hooks on the side of the ink cartridge when you remove it from the package. ❏ Do not touch the green IC chip or the small window on the side of the cartridg e. Doing so may prevent normal operation and printing. F Remove only the yellow tape. c Important: ❏ You must remove the yellow tape from the ca[...]

G Insert the cartridge and press it until it clicks. Ma ke sure the top surface of the ink car tridges align. H Close the printer cover and press + . Ink charging starts. This process takes about one and a half minutes to complete. Note: The P light continues to flash while the product is charging ink. Do not turn off the product during ink chargin[...]

If you need to replace an ink cartridge before it is low or expe nded, click the button on th e Maintenance tab in your printer driver. & “Accessing the printer driver for Windows” on page 18 For more in form ation on usi ng the pr in ter utilities, see the online help. For Mac OS X When you need to replace an expended ink cartridge, click [...]

If you need to replace an ink cartridge before it is low or expended, access the Epson Printer Utility 4. & “Accessing the printer driver for Mac OS X” on page 19 . For more in form ation on usi ng the pr in ter utilities, see the online help. User’s Guide Replacing Ink Cartridges 45[...]

Maintaining Your Product and Software Checking the Print Head Nozzles If you find that the printout is unexpe ctedly faint or that dots are missing, you may b e able to identify the problem by checking the print head nozzl es. You can check th e print head nozzles from yo ur computer by using t he Nozzle Check utility or from the prod uct by using [...]

Using the product buttons Follow the steps below to check the print head nozzles using the prod uct buttons. A Make sure that no warnings or errors are indicated in the control panel. B Turn off the product. C Make sure that A4-size paper is loaded in the rear paper feed. D While holding down the + button, press the P button to turn on the product.[...]

If any segment of the printed lines is missing, as sh own below, this could mean a clogged ink nozzle or a misaligned print head. & “Cleaning the Print Head” on page 48 & “Aligning the Print Head” on page 50 Cleaning the Print Head If you find that the printout is unexpect edly faint or that dots are missing, yo u may be able to sol[...]

B Right-click the product icon on th e taskbar, then select Head Cleaning . If the product icon does not appear, refer to the following sect ion to add the icon. & “From the shortcut icon on the taskbar” on page 19 C Follow the on-screen instructions. Using the Head Cleaning utility for Mac OS X Follow the steps below to clean the print hea[...]

C When the P light stops flashing, print a nozzle check pa ttern to confirm that the head is clean. & “Checking the Print Head Nozzle s” on page 46 Aligning the Print Head If you notice a misalignment of vertical lines or horizontal banding, you may be able to solve this problem by us ing the Print Head Alignment utility in your printer dri[...]

Cleaning the Paper Guide You may see a smudge o n the back of the printout when ex cess ive ink remains on the pape r guide. The paper guide is the dark plastic strip inside the product. In this case, you can solve the problem by using the Paper Guide Cleaning utility in your printer driver. Refer to the approp riate section below. Note: Repeat the[...]

Saving Power The product enters sleep mode or turns off automatically if no operations are performed for a set period . You can adjust the time before power ma nagement is applied. Any increase will affect the pr oduct’s energy efficiency. Please consider the environment be fore making any change. Follow the steps below to adjust the time. For Wi[...]

c Important: Never use alcohol or thinner to clean the prod uct. These chemic als can damage the product. Note: Close the paper suppor t and the output tray when you are not using the product to protect the product from dust. Cleaning the interior of the product To keep your print results at their best, clean t he roller inside by using the followi[...]

B Open the printer cover and make sure the ink cartri dge holder is in the home position on the right. Note: If the ink cartridge holder is not in th e home position on the right, turn on the product and wait until the ink cartridge holder locks in the far righ t po sition. Then turn off the product. C Secure the ink cartridge holder to the case wi[...]

Checking and Installing Your Software Checking the softw are in stalled on your computer To use the functions described in this User’s Gu ide, you need to install the following software. ❏ Epson Driver and Utilities ❏ Epson Easy Photo Print ❏ Epson Event Manager Follow the steps bel ow to check that the software is installed on your c omput[...]

Uninstalling Your Software You may need t o uninstall and then rein stall yo ur software to solve certain prob lems or if you upgrade your ope rating system . See the following section for in formation on determining what applications are installed. & “Checking the software installed on your computer” on page 55 For Windows Note: ❏ For Wi[...]

G When the confirmation window appears, click Yes or Next . H Follow the on-screen instructions. In some cases, a message may appear to prompt yo u to restart your computer. If so, make sure I want to restart my computer now is selected and click Finish . For Mac OS X Note: ❏ To uninstall your software you need to down load the Uninstaller. Acces[...]

Troubleshooting for Printing Diagnosing the Problem Troubleshooting product problems is best handl ed in two step s: first diagnose the probl em, then apply likely solutions until the problem is fixed. The information that you need to diagn ose and solve most common problems is prov ided by online problem solving, the control panel, or the status m[...]

Lights Problem and solut ion Ink expended An ink cartridge is expended or not installed, or there is insufficient ink in the cartridge to charge the ink. Replace the ink cartridge for which an error is indicated with a new one. If the light is still on after you have replaced the cartridge, it may not be installed correctly. Reinstall the ink ca rt[...]

Checking product status If a problem occurs while printing, an error mess age will appear in the status monitor window. If an error message appears indicating the product’s ink pads are nearing the end of their service life, contact Epson support to replace them. The me ssage will be displayed at regular intervals until the ink pads are replaced [...]

❏ Current Status: If the ink is l ow or expended, the How to button appears in the EPSON St atus Monitor 3 window. Click ing How to displays ink cartridge replacement ins tructions and moves the ink cartridge holder to the ink cartridge replacement position. ❏ Ink Levels: EPSON Status Monitor 3 provides a graph ic display of the ink cartridge s[...]

When ink is low or expend ed, a How to button appears. Click How to , and EPSON Status Monitor will lead you step by step through the ink cartridge replacement procedure. Paper Jams ! Caution: Never touch the buttons on the control pane l while your hand is inside the product. Note: ❏ Cancel the print job if prompted by a message fro m the printe[...]

Removing jammed paper fr om inside the product A Open the printer cover. B Remove all of the paper inside, including any torn pieces. C Close the printer cover. Preventing pape r jams If your paper jams frequently, c heck the following. ❏ The paper is smooth, not curled or wrinkled. ❏ You are using high-quality paper. ❏ The printable side of [...]

❏ The product is on a flat, stable surfac e that extends beyond the base in all directions. The product will not operate properly if it is tilted. Reprinting after a paper jam (for Windows only) After you cancel the print job because of a paper jam, you ca n reprint it without reprinting pages that have alread y been printed. A Solve the paper ja[...]

& “Horizontal banding” on page 65 & “Vertical banding or misalignment ” on page 65 & “Horizontal banding” on page 65 & “Vertical banding or misalignment” on page 65 & “Incorrect or missing colors” on page 66 & “Blurry or smeared print” on page 66 Horizontal banding ❏ Make sure the printable side (th[...]

❏ Run the Print Head Alignment utility. & “Aligning the Print Head” on page 50 ❏ For Windows, clear the High Speed check box from the More Options window in yo ur printer driver. See the online help fo r details. For Mac OS X, select Off from the High Speed Printing. To display the High Speed Printing, click through the following menus:[...]

❏ Run the Head Cleaning utility to clear any clogged ink nozzles. & “Cleaning the Print Head” on page 48 ❏ Run the Print Head Alignment utility. & “Aligning the Print Head” on page 50 ❏ If the paper is smeared with ink after printing, clean the interior of the product . & “Cleaning the interior of the product” on page [...]

Inverted image ❏ For Windows, clear the Mirror Image check box from the More Options wind ow of your printer driver, or turn off the Mirror Image setting in your application. For Mac OS X, cl ear the Mi rror Image check box in Print Settings in the Pri nt dialog box of y our printer driver , or turn off the Mirror Image setting in your applicatio[...]

❏ If you print continuously for an exte nded period, the printing may be extremely slow. This is to slow down the printing speed and prevent the product mechanism from ov erheating and bei ng damaged. If this happens, you can continue to print, but we recomme n d stopping and leaving the product idle for at leas t 30 minutes with the power on. (T[...]

❏ If too many copies of a file are being printed , check the Copies setting in yo ur printer driver as follows, and also check in your application. For Windows, check the Copies setting on the Main window. Mac OS X, check the Copies setting in the Print dialog. Paper is improperly loaded If you have loaded the paper too far into the prod uct, the[...]

❏ Users of Windows can clear any stalled print jobs fro m the Windows Spooler. & “Canceling printing” on page 23 ❏ Uninstall the printer driver, then reinstall i t. & “Uninstalling Your Software” on page 56 An ink error is indicated af ter you replace the cartridge A Open the printer cover. B Make sure the ink cartridge holder i[...]

Increasing the Print Speed (For Windows Only) Print speed may be inc reased by selectin g certain sett ings in the Extended Settings window when the printing speed is slow. Click the Extended Settings button on your printer driver’s Maintenance window. The following dialog box appears. Select the following check boxes and print speed may be incre[...]

❏ Always spool RAW datatype ❏ Page Rendering Mode ❏ Print as Bitmap For more details on each item, see the onl ine help. Other Problem Printing plain papers quietly When plain pa per is selected for the pape r type and Standa rd (Windows) or Normal (Mac OS X) is selected as for quality in the printer driver, the product prints at high speed. [...]

Product Information Ink Cartridges You can use the following ink ca rtridges with this product: Ink Cartridge Part numbers WF-2010 Black 16/16XL Cyan 16/16XL Magenta 16/16XL Yellow 16/16XL Note: Not all cartridges are available in all regions. Color Black, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow Cartridge life For best results, use up ink cartridge wi thin six month[...]

Mac OS X 10.5.8, 10.6.x, 10. 7.x Hi-Speed USB Note: The UNIX File System (UFS) fo r Mac O S X is not supported. Technical Specifications Note: Specifi cations ar e subject t o change without notice. Printer specifications Paper path Rear paper feed, top entry Capacity 11 mm (0.4in.) Paper Note: ❏ Since the quality of any particular brand or type [...]

Thicknes s (for plain paper) 0.08 to 0.11 mm (0.003 to 0.004 in.) Weight (for plain paper) 64 g/m² (17 lb) to 90 g/m² (24 lb) Envelopes: Size Envelope #10 4 1/8 × 9 1/2 in. Envelope DL 110 × 220 mm Envelope C6 114 × 162 mm Paper types Plain paper Weight 75 g/m² (20 lb) to 90 g/m² (24 lb) Printable area Highlighted portions show printable are[...]

Minimum margin Media type Single sheets Envelopes A 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) B 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) 5.0 mm (0.20 in.) C 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) 21.0 mm (0.83 in.) Note: Depending on the type of pape r, print quality may decline in the top and bottom areas of the print, or the ar ea may be smeared. Network interface specification Wi-Fi Standard: I[...]

Electrical 100-240 V Model Input voltage range 90 to 264 V Rated frequency range 50 to 60 Hz Input frequency range 49.5 to 60.5 Hz Rated current 0.8 to 0.5 A Power consumption Printing Approx. 12 W (ISO/IEC24712) Ready mode Approx. 3.0 W Sleep mode Approx. 2.0 W Power off Approx. 0.3 W Note: Check the label on the back of the product for its voltag[...]

R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC EN300 328 EN301 489-1 EN301 489-17 EN60950-1 For European users: We, Seiko Epson Corporation, hereby dec lare that the equipment Model B531A is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. For use only in Ireland, UK, Austria, Germany, Liec htenstein, S witzerland,[...]

Where To Get Help Technical Support Web Site Epson’s Technical Support Web Site pr ovides help with pr oblems that cannot be solved using the troubleshooting information in your product documentation. If you have a Web browser and can connect to the Internet, access the site at: http://support.epson.net/ http://www.epson.eu/Support (Europe) If yo[...]

Help for Users in Europe Check your Pan-European Warranty Document for information on how to contact Epson support. User’s Guide Where To Get Help 81[...]

Index 2 2-sided printing........... ............. ................. .............. ................. .......25 A Aligning p rint head ........... .............. ................ .............. ........... ......50 B Banding..... ........ .......... ......... ........ .......... ........ ........ ........... ........ .......65 Blank pages.... ......[...]

P Pages per sheet printing..... ........... ........... ......... ............. ......... .......28 Paper Epson special paper... ........ ........... ........ ......... .......... ......... .......... 13 feeding p roblems .............. .............. ............. .............. ............. ....69 jams................ ............... ...........[...]