Honeywell 660 manual

AD-54257@ ® ®[...]

Highlights Page 1 of 1 August 2003 Honeywell Aerospace Electronic Systems CES–Phoenix P .O. Box 21 1 1 1 Phoenix, Arizona 85036–1 1 1 1 U.S.A. TO: HOLDERS OF THE PRIMUS R 660 DIGIT AL WEA THER RADAR SYSTEM PILOT’S MANUAL, HONEYWELL PUB. NO. A28–1 146–1 1 1 REVISION NO. 3 DA TED AUGUST 2003 HIGHLIGHTS Pages that have been revised are outli[...]

Printed in U.S.A. Pub. No. A28–1 146–1 1 1–03 February 1998 Revised August 2003 Honeywell Aerospace Electronic Systems CES–Phoenix P .O. Box 21 1 1 1 Phoenix, Arizona 85036–1 1 1 1 U.S.A. PRIMUS R 660 Digital W eather Radar System Pilot’ s Manual[...]

ASSOCIA TE MEMBER Member of GAMA General A viation Manufacturer’s Association E PRIMUS and LASEREF are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell DA T A NA V is a U.S. trademarks of Honeywell E 2003 Honeywell International Inc. PROPRIETAR Y NOTICE This document and the information disclosed herein are proprietary data of Honeywell. Neither this docu[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 3 RR–1/(RR–2 blank) Record of Revisions Record of Revisions Upon receipt of a revision, insert the latest revised pages and dispose of superseded pages. Enter revision number and date, insertion date, and the incorporator ’ s initials on the Record of Revisions. The typed initi[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 RTR–1/(R TR–2 blank) Record of T emporary Revisions Record of T emporary Revisions Upon receipt of a temporary revision, insert the yellow temporary revision pages according to the filing instructions on each page. Then, enter the temporary revision number , issue date, and ins[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 3 LEP–1 List of Effective Pages List of Effective Pages Original 0 . . . . Feb 1998 Revision 1 . . . . Aug 1999 Revision 2 . . . . Dec 1999 Revision 3 . . . . Aug 2003 Subheading and Page Revision Subheading and Page Revision Title Page H 3 Record of Revisions RR–1/RR–2 H 3 Rec[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 3 List of Effective Pages LEP–2 Subheading and Page Revision Subheading and Page Revision Radar Facts (cont) 5–13 0 5–14 0 5–15 0 5–16 0 5–17 0 5–18 0 5–19 0 5–20 0 5–21 0 5–22 0 5–23 0 5–24 0 5–25 0 5–26 0 5–27 0 5–28 0 5–29 0 5–30 0 5–31 0 5?[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 3 LEP–3/(LEP–4 blank) List of Effective Pages Subheading and Page Revision Subheading and Page Revision Appendix A (cont) A–6 0 A–7 0 A–8 0 A–9 0 A–10 0 A–1 1 0 A–12 0 A–13/A–14 0 Appendix B B–1 1 B–2 1 B–3 1 B–4 1 B–5 1 B–6 1 Index Index–1 1 Index[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–1 T able of Contents Section Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. SYSTEM CONFIGURA TIONS 2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. OPERA TING CONTROLS 3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WI –650/660 W[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–2 T able of Contents (cont) Section Page 5. RADAR F ACTS ( CONT ) Additional Hazards 5-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ground Mapping 5-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL (MPE[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–3 T able of Contents (cont) A FEDERAL A VIA TION ADMINISTRA TION (F AA) ADVISORY CIRCULARS ( CONT ) Subject: Thunderstorms A –3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purpose A–3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ca[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–4 T able of Contents (cont) List of Illustrations (cont) Figure Page 5– 1 Positional Relationship of an Airplane and Storm Cells Ahead as Displayed on Indicator 5-2 . . . . . . . . . 5– 2 Antenna Beam Slicing Out Cross Section of Storm During Horizontal [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–5 T able of Contents (cont) List of Illustrations (cont) Figure Page 5– 32 Probability of T urbulence Presence in a Weather T arget 5-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5– 33 Hail Size Probability 5-37 . . . . . [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–6 T able of Contents (cont) List of Illustrations (cont) Figure Page B– 1 EHSI Display Over KPHX Airport With the EGPWS Display B –5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B– 2 EGPWS T est Display B –6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC – 7/(TC – 8 blank) T able of Contents (cont) List of T ables (cont) T able Page 7– 4 Pitch Offset Adjustment Procedure 7-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7– 5 Roll Stabilization (While T urning) Check Procedure 7-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 1-1 Introduction 1. Introduction The PR IMUS R 660 Digit al Weather Radar Sy stem is a lightweight , X–band digital radar with alphanumeric s des igned for weather detection (W X) and ground mapping (G MAP ). The primary purpose of the system is to detect storms along the flightp[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Introduction 1-2 Th e radar indicator is equipped with the universal digital interface (UDI). This feature expands the use of the radar indicator to display information such as checklists, short and long range navigation displays (when used with a Honeywell DA T A NA V t system) an[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 2-1 System Configurations 2. System Configurations The PRIMUS R 660 Digital W eather Radar System can be operated in many configurations to display weather or ground mapping information on a radar indicator , electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) display , multifunction displa[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 System Configurations 2-2 NOTES: 1. When W AIT , SECTOR SCAN, or FORCED ST ANDBY are activated, the radar operates as if in single controller configuration. This is an exception to the ability of each pilot to independently select modes. 2. In the dual configuration, the pilots can[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 2-3 System Configurations The third system configuration is similar to the second except that a Honeywell multifunction display (MFD) system is added. As before, single o r dual controllers can be used. When a single controller is used, all displays show the same radar data. Dual c[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 System Configurations 2-4 Equipment covered in this manual is listed in table 2 – 2 and shown in figure 2 –2. Model Unit Part No. Cockpit Mounted Options WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator 7007700– VA R WC–660 Weather Radar Controller 7008471– VA R Remote Mounted Equipm[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 2-5/(2-6 blank) System Configurations WC– 660 WEA THER RADAR CONTROLLER WI– 650/660 WEA THER RADAR INDICA TOR WU– 660 RECEIVER/ TRANSMITTER/ANTENNA AD–51768@ T ypical PRIMUS R 660 Weather Radar Components Figure 2 –2[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 3-1 Operating Controls 3. Operating Controls There are two basic controllers that are described in this section. They are (in order of description):  WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator  WC–660 Weather Radar Controller . WI–650/660 WEA THER RADAR INDICA TOR OPERA TION Al[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-2 WI– 650/660 Weather Radar Indicator Front Panel V iew Figure 3 –2 1 WX (WEA THER) The WX button is used to select the weather mode of operation. When WX is pushed, the system is fully operational and all internal parameters are set for enroute weather det[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-3 Operating Controls W ARNING WEA THER TYPE T ARGETS ARE NOT CALIBRA TED WHEN THE RADAR IS I N THE GMAP MODE. BECAUSE OF THIS, DO NOT USE THE GMAP MODE FOR WEA THER DETECTION. As a constant reminder the GMP is selected, the alphanumerics are changed to green, the GMP legend is sh[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-4 4 TGT (T ARGET) The TGT button is an alternate – action switch that enables and disables the radar target alert feature. T arget alert is selectable in all but the 300 – mile range. When selected, target alert monitors beyond the selected range and 7.5 °[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-5 Operating Controls 5 DISPLA Y AREA See figure 3 – 3 and the associated text that explains the alphanumeric display . AD–51771@ WI– 650/660 Weather Radar Indicator Display Screen Features Figure 3 –3 6 FUNCTION SWITCH A rotary switch is used to select the following funct[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-6  ON – Places the system in the operational mode selected by the WX or MAP (GMP) button. When WX is selected, the system is fully operational and all internal parameters are set for enroute weather detection. The alphanumerics are white and WX is shown in[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-7 Operating Controls The TGT alert mode can be used in the FP mode. With target alert on and the FP mode selected, the target alert armed annunciation (green TGT) is displayed. The RT A searches for a hazardous target from 5 to 55 miles and ± 7.5 ° of the aircraft heading. No r[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-8 7 GAIN The GAIN knob is a single – turn rotary cont rol and push/pull swit ch that is used to control the receiver gain. Push in on the GAI N switch to enter the syst em into the preset calibrated gain mode. Calibrated gain is the normal mode and is used fo[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-9 Operating Controls 9 BRT (Brightness) or BRT/LSS (Lightning Sensor System) The BR T knob is a single – turn control that adjusts the brightness of the display . CW rotation increases display brightness and ccw rotation decreases brightness. An optional BRT/LSS four – positi[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-10 WC– 660 WEA THER RADAR CONTROLLER OPERA TION The controls and display features of the WC – 660 Weather Radar Controller are indexed and identified in figure 3 – 4. Brightness levels for all legends and controls on the indicator are controlled by the di[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-1 1 Operating Controls 1 RANGE Th e RANGE switches are two momentary contact buttons that are used to select the operating range of the radar (and LSS if installed). The system permits selection of ranges in WX mode from 5 to 300 NM full scale. In the flight plan (FPLN) mode, add[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-12 4 TGT (T ARGET) The TG T swit ch is an alternate – ac tion, but ton that enables and disables the radar tar get alert feature. T arget alert is selectable in all but the 300 – m ile range. When s elect ed, target a lert m onit ors b eyond the s elected r[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-13 Operating Controls 6 TIL T The TIL T knob is a rotary cont rol that is used to select the tilt angle of antenna b eam with relat ion to the horiz on. CW rotat ion t ilts beam upward 0  to 15  ; ccw rot ation tilts beam downward 0  to – 15  . The range between +5 [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-14 9 RADAR This rotary switch is used to select one of the following functions.  OFF – This position turns off the radar system.  STBY (Standby) – This position places the radar system in standby; a ready state, with the antenna scan stopped, the tran[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-15 Operating Controls As a constant reminder that GMAP is selected, the GMAP legend is displayed i n the mode field, and the color scheme is changed to cyan, yellow , and magenta. Cyan represents the least reflective return, yellow is a moderate return, and magenta is a strong re[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-16 FSBY (FORCED ST ANDBY) FSBY is an automatic, nonselectable radar mode. As an installation option, the R T A can be wired to the weight – on – wheels (WOW) squat switch. When wired, the R T A is in the FSBY mode when the aircraft is on the ground. In FSBY[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-17/(3-18 blank) Operating Controls In GMAP mode, variable gain is used to reduce the level of strong returns from ground targets. Minimum gain is attained with the control at its full ccw position. Gain increases as the control is rotated in a cw direction from full ccw at full c[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 4-1 Normal Operation 4. Normal Operation PRELIMINAR Y CONTROL SETTINGS T able 4–1 gives the power–up procedure for the PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System. Step Procedure 1 V erify that the system controls are in the positions described below before powering up the radar [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Normal Operation 4-2 Step Procedure 5 When power is first applied, the radar is in W AIT for approximately 90 seconds to allow the magnetron to warm up. Power interruptions lasting less than 3 seconds result in a 6–second wait period. NOTE: If forced standby is incorporated, it i[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 4-3 Normal Operation AD–51774@ VOR1 VOR2 TEST +1 1 HDG 319 25 15 DTRK 315 GSPD MAG1 321 TGT FMS1 130 NM V 260 KTS 50 GRA Y MAGENT A BLUE WX RANGE ANNUNCIA TOR (WHITE) P660 WX MODE ANNUNCIA TIONS RED WX RANGE RINGS (WHITE) TGT OR V AR ANNUNCIA TOR : : TGT : V AR: TEXT AREA GREEN A[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Normal Operation 4-4 NOTES: 1. Ref er to the specific EFIS manual for a detailed descript ion. 2. The example shown is for installations with TEXT F AUL T disabled. Standby When Standby is selected, and the radar is not in dual control mode (refer to table 2 – 1, dual control mod[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 4-5 Normal Operation In the absence of intervening targets, the range at which the cyan field starts i s approximately 290 NM with a 12 – inch antenna. For the 18 – inch antenna, the cyan field starts beyond 300 NM and therefore is not seen if there are no intervening targets. [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Normal Operation 4-6 T est Mode The PRIMUS R 660 Digital W eather Radar System has a self – test mode and a maintenance function. In the self – test (TST) mode a special test pattern is displayed as illustrated earlier in this section. The functions of this pattern are as follo[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 5-1 Radar Facts 5. Radar Facts RADAR OPERA TION The PRIMUS R 660 Digital W eather Radar works on an echo principle. The radar sends out short bursts of electromagnetic energy that travel through space as a radio wave. When the traveling wave of energy strikes a target, some of the [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-2 AD–12055–R2@ 40 20 100 WX AIRCRAFT HEADING 80 60 +0.6 Positional Relationship of an Airplane and Storm Cells Ahead as Displayed on Indicator Figure 5–1 The drawing is laid out to simulate the face of the indicator with the semicircular range marks. T o derive [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-3 Radar Facts SWEEP ORIGIN ANTENNA AD–17716–R2@ THUNDERSTORM THUNDERSTORM TRANSMITTER INDICA TOR SCAN Antenna Beam Slicing Out Cross Section of Storm During Horizontal Scan Figure 5 –2 Weather radar can occasionally detect other aircraft, but it is not designed for this pur[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-4 When the antenna is tilted downward for ground mapping, two phenomena can occur that can confuse the pilot. The first is called ” The Great Plains Quadrant Effect ” that is seen most often when flying over the great plains of central United States. In this regio[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-5 Radar Facts TIL T MANAGEMENT The pilot can use tilt management techniques to minimize ground clutter when viewing weather targets. Assume the aircraft is flying over relatively smooth terrain that is equivalent t o sea level in altitude. The pilot must make adjustments for the [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-6 Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude 12– Inch Radiator Figure 5 –6 AD54258@ Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude 18– Inch Radiator Figure 5 –7[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-7 Radar Facts T ables 5 – 1 and 5 – 2 give the approximate tilt settings that the ground targets begin to be displayed on the image periphery for 12 – and 18– inch radiators. The range that the ground targets can be observed is affected by the curvature of the earth, the [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-8 RANGE SCALE (NM) AL TITUDE (FEET) 25 50 100 200 300 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 +3 –0 +2 +2 +3 +3 +3 +2 +2 +2 +3 +3 +1 +2 0+ 1 – 1+ 1 0+ 1 +1 0 +1 –1 246 230 213 195 174 151 123 87 78 67 55 [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-9 Radar Facts RANGE SCALE (MILES) AL TITUDE (FEET) 5 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (MILES) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 +1 +2 +2 –1 –3 –5 –7 –12 –7 –2 –1 0 +1 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1 0 –1 0 +1 +1 –3 –1 +1 –5 –[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-10 T ilt management is often misunderstood. It is crucial to safe operation of airborne weather radar . If radar tilt angles are not properly managed, weather targets can be missed or underestimated. Th e upper levels of convective storms are the most dangerous becaus[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-1 1 Radar Facts D Convective thunderstorms become much less reflective above the freezing level. This reflectivity decreases gradually over the first 5000 to 10,000 feet above the freezing level, as shown in figure 5–10. AD–35696@ FREEZING LEVEL Convective Thunderstorms Figur[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-12 D Proper tilt management demands that tilt be changed continually when approaching hazardous weather so that ground targets are not painted by the radar beam, as shown in figure 5 –12. AD–35698@ FREEZING LEVEL Proper Tilt T echnique Figure 5 –12 D After headi[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-13 Radar Facts D Under the right conditions, a dangerous thunder bumper can develop in 10 minutes, and can in fact spawn and mature under the radar beam as the aircraft approaches it, as shown in figure 5 – 14. If f lying a t 4 00 kt groundspeed ( GSPD) , a f ast developing t h[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-14 D The antenna size used on the aircraft alters the best tilt settings by about 1 _ . However , tilt management is the same for either size, as shown in figure 5–16. AD–46703@ Antenna Size and Impact on Tilt Management Figure 5 –16 NOTE: The 10 – and 24 – [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-15 Radar Facts ST ABILIZA TION The purpose of the stabilization system is to hold the elevation of the antenna beam relative to the earth ’ s surface constant at all azimuths, regardless of aircraft bank and pitch maneuvers. The stabilization system uses the aircraft attitude s[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-16 A vertical gyroscope contains a gravity – sensitive element, a heavily dampened pendulous device that enables the gyro to erect itself to earth gravity at the rate of approximately 2 _ /min. The pendulous device is unable to dif ferentiate between earth gravity a[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-17 Radar Facts LEVEL FLIGHT ST ABILIZA TION CHECK Check stabilization in level flight using the procedure in table 5 –3. Step Procedure 1 T rim the aircraft for straight and level flight in smooth, clear air over level terrain. 2 Select the 50 – mile range. 3 Rotate the tilt [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-18 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Right) Figure 5 –19 AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Left) Figure 5 –20[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-19 Radar Facts W allowing (Wing W alk and Y aw) Error A condition where the greatest intensity of ground targets wanders around the screen over a period of several minutes should not be confused with antenna mounting error . This phenomenon is caused by the tendency for many airc[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-20 Symmetrical Ground Returns – Good Roll Stabilization Figure 5 –21 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Understabilization in a Right T urn Figure 5 –22[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-21 Radar Facts AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Overstabilization in a Right T urn Figure 5 –23 AD–17723–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Roll Stabilization Inoperative in a T urn Figure 5 –24[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-22 Pitch Gain Error If the aircraft is in a pitch maneuver and you see ground returns that are not present in level flight, the pitch gain is most likely misadjusted. The procedure in table 5 – 5 and figures 5 – 25, 5 – 26, and 5 – 27 can help you identify thi[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-23 Radar Facts AD–53797@ 60 GMAP 40 20 100 80 Understabilized in Pitch –Up Figure 5 –26 AD–53798@ 60 GMAP 40 20 100 80 Overstabilized in Pitch –Up Figure 5 –27 Refer to Section 7, In – Flight Adjustments, for adjustment procedures.[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-24 INTERPRETING WEA THER RADAR IMAGES From a weather standpoint, hail and turbulence are the principal obstacles to a safe and comfortable flight. Neither of these conditions is directly visible on radar . The radar shows only the rainfall patterns that these conditio[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-25 Radar Facts The following are some truths about weather and flying, as shown in figure 5 –29. D T urbulence results when two air masses at different temperatures and/or pressures meet. D This meeting can form a thunderstorm. D The thunderstorm produces rain. D The radar disp[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-26 RED LEVEL* NAUTICAL MILES RAINFALL RA TE 60 80 40 20 0 VISIBLE CLOUD MASS RAIN AREA (ONL Y THIS IS VISIBLE ON RADAR) RED ZONE WITHIN RAIN AREA AD–12057–R3@ Radar and Visual Cloud Mass Figure 5 –29 As masses of warm, moist air are hurled upward to meet the col[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-27 Radar Facts T o find a safe and comfortable route through the precipitation area, study the radar image of the squall line while closing in on the thunderstorm area. In the example shown in figure 5 – 30, radar observation shows that the rainfall is steadily diminishing on t[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-28 WEA THER DISPLA Y CALIBRA TION Ground based Nexrad radars of the National Weather Service display rainfall levels in dBZ, a decibel scaling of an arbitrary reflectivity factor (Z). The formula for determining dBZ is: dBZ = 16 log R + 23, where R is the rainfall rat[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-29 Radar Facts 300 NAUTICAL MILES DISPLA Y LEVEL RAINF ALL RA TE MM/HR RAINF ALL RA TE IN./HR dBZ MAXIMUM CALIBRA TE D RANGE (NM) 10 – IN AND 12 – IN FLA T–PLA TE MAXIMUM CALIBRA TE D RANGE (NM) 18 – IN FLA T – PL A TE MAXIMUM CALIBRA TE D RANGE (NM) 24 – IN FLA T –[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-30 VIP Level Rainfall rate in mm/hr Storm Category dBZ Level 6 Greater than 125 Extreme Greater than 57 5 50 – 125 Intense 50 – 57 4 25 – 50 V ery Strong 45 – 50 3 12 – 25 Strong 40 – 45 2 2.5 – 12 Moderate 29 – 40 1 0.25 – 2.5 Weak 13 – 29 VIP Lev[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 5-31 Radar Facts RAIN ECHO A TTENUA TION COMPENSA TION TECHNIQUE (REACT) Honeywell’ s REACT feature has three separate, but related functions. D Attenuation Compensation – As the radar energy travels through rainfall, the raindrops reflect a portion of the energy back toward th[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-32 The receiver gain is adjusted to maintain target calibration. Since there is a maximum limit to receiver gain, strong targets (high attenuation levels) cause the receiver to reach its maximum gain value in a short time/short range. W eak or no targets (low attenuat[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-33 Radar Facts AD–51778–R1@ With REACT Selected AD–54262@ Without REACT REACT ON and OFF Indications Figure 5–31[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-34 Shadowing An operating technique sim ilar to the REACT blue field is shadowing. T o use the shadowing technique, tilt the ant enna down until ground is being paint ed jus t in fr ont of the storm cell(s ). An area of no ground returns behind the storm cell has the [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-35 Radar Facts Although penetrating a storm with a red (level three) core appears to be an acceptable risk, it is not. At the lower end of the red zone, there is no chance of extreme turbulence, a slight chance of severe turbulence, and a 40% chance of moderate turbulence. Howeve[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-36 T urbulence levels are listed and described in table 5 –8. INTENSITY AIRCRAFT REACTION REACTION INSIDE AIRCRAFT LIGHT Turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude (pitch, roll, yaw). Occupants can feel a slight strain aga[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-37 Radar Facts RELA TIVE FREQUENCY 60% 40% 20% 0% 80% 100% 1/2 ” HAIL 1/4 ” HAIL 3/4 ” AND LAGER HAIL AD–15358–R1@ LEVEL 2 YELLOW LEVEL 3 RED LEVEL 4 MAGENT A Hail Size Probability Figure 5 –33 Spotting Hail As previously stated, dry hail is a poor reflector , and the[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-38 Using a tilt setting that has the radar look into the area of maximum reflectivity (5000 to 20,000 ft) gives the strongest radar picture. However the tilt setting must not be left at this setting. Periodically , the pilot should look up and down from this setting t[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-39 Radar Facts The more that is learned about radar , the more the pilot is an all–important part of the system. The proper use of controls is essential to gathering all pertinent weather data. The proper interpretation of that data (the displayed patterns) is equally important[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-40 Another example of the pilot ’ s importance in helping the radar serve its safety/comfort purpose is shown in figure 5 – 37. This is the blind alley or box canyon situation. Pilots can find themselves in this situation if they habitually fly with the radar on t[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-41 Radar Facts Azimuth Resolution When two targets, such as storms, are closely adjacent at the same range, the radar displays them as a single target, as shown in figure 5 – 38. However , as the aircraft approaches the targets, they appear to separate. In the illustration, the[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-42 RADOME Ice or water on the radome does not generally cause radar failure, bu t it hampers operation. The radome is constructed of materials that pass the radar energy with little attenuation. Ice or water increases the attenuation making the radar appear to have le[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-43 Radar Facts WEA THER A VOIDANCE Figure 5 – 39 illustrates a typical weather display in WX mode. Recommended procedures when using the radar for weather avoidance are given in table 5 – 9. The procedures are given in bold face, explanations of the procedure follow in normal[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-44 Step Procedure 3 Any storm with reported tops at or greater than 20,000 feet must be avoided by 20 NM. W ARNING DR Y HAIL CAN BE PREV ALENT A T HIGHER AL TITUDES WITHIN, NEAR, OR ABOVE STORM CELLS, AND SINCE ITS RADAR REFLECTIVITY IS POOR, IT can NOT BE DETECTED. 4[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-45 Radar Facts Step Procedure 7 A void all rapidly moving echoes by 20 miles. A single thunderstorm echo, a line of echoes, or a cluster of echoes moving 40 knots or more often contain severe weather . Although nearby , slower moving echoes can contain more intense aviation hazar[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-46 Step Procedure 10 (cont) 2. Disturbed Wind Flow . Sometimes thunderstorm updrafts block winds near the thunderstorm and act much like a rock in a shallow river bed. This pillar of updraft forces the winds outside the storm to flow around the storm instead of carryi[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-47 Radar Facts Step Procedure 11 Never continue flight towards or into a radar shadow or the blue REACT field. W ARNING STORMS SITUA TED BEHIND INTER VENING RAINF ALL CAN BE MORE SEVERE THAN DEPICTED ON THE DIS- PLA Y . If the radar signal can penetrate a storm, the target displa[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-48 N AD–15560–R1@ T ypical Hook Pattern Figure 5 –40 The hooks are located at the right rear side of the thunderstorm echo ’ s direction of movement (usually the southwest quadrant). The hook is not the tornado echo! A small scale low pressure area is centered[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-49 Radar Facts A VOID V – NOTCH BY 20 MILES A large isolated echo sometimes has the configuration that is shown in figure 5 – 41. This echo is called V – notch or flying eagle although some imagination may be needed by the reader to see the eagle. V– notch echoes are form[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-50 A VOID PENDANT BY 20 MILES The pendant shape shown in figure 5 – 42, represents one of the most severe storms – the supercell. One study concluded that, in supercells: D The average maximum size of hail is over 2 inches (5.3 cm) D The average width of the hail [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-51 Radar Facts A VOID STEEP RAIN GRADIENTS BY 20 MILES Figure 5 – 43 shows steep rain gradients. Refer to the paragraph, Interpreting Weather Radar Images, in this section, for a detailed explanation of weather images. AD–51781–R1@ Rain Gradients Figure 5 –43 A VOID ALL C[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-52 10 20 30 40 50 AD–22161–R1@ Crescent Shape Figure 5 –44 Line Configurations A VOID THUNDERSTORM ECHOES A T THE SOUTH END OF A LINE OR A T A BREAK IN A LINE BY 20 MILES Th e echo at the south end of a line of echoes is often severe and so too is the storm on t[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-53 Radar Facts A VOID LINE ECHO W A VE P A TTERNS (LEWP) BY 20 MILES One portion of a line can accelerate and cause the line to assume a wave– like configuration. Figure 5 – 45 is an example of an LEWP . The most severe weather is likely at S . LEWPs form solid or nearly soli[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-54 A VOID BOW – SHAPED LINE OF ECHOES BY 20 MILES Sometimes a fast moving, broken to solid thunderstorm line becomes bow– shaped, as shown in figure 5 – 46. Severe weather is most likely along the bulge and at the north end, but severe weather can occur at any p[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-55 Radar Facts Additional Hazards TURBULENCE VERSUS DIST ANCE FROM STORM CORE The stronger the return, the further the turbulence is encountered from the storm core at any altitude. Severe turbulence is often found in the tenuous anvil cloud 15 to 20 miles downwind from a severe [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-56 GROUND MAPPING Ground mapping operation is selected with the GMAP button. An example of ground map display is shown in figure 5 – 47. T urn the TIL T control down until the desired amount of terrain is displayed. The degree of down – tilt depends upon the type [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-57 Radar Facts RANGE SCALE (NM) AL TITUDE (FEET) 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 –5 –4 –13 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –5 –5 –5 –5 –6 –8 –6 –6 –5 –10 –7 –6 – 11 ?[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-58 RANGE SCALE (MILES) AL TITUDE (FEET) 5 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (MILES) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 –5 –4 –3 –6 –8 – 11 –12 –12 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –3 –4 –4 –4 –5 –7 –7[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 3 6-1/(6-2 blank) Maximum Permiss ible Expos ure Lev el (MPEL) 6 . Maximum Permissible Exposure Level (MPEL) Heating and radiation effect s of weather radar can be hazardous to lif e. Personnel should remain at a dis t anc e greater than R from the radiating antenna in or der to be o[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 7-1 In–Flight Adjustments 7. In–Flight Adjustments PITCH AND ROLL TRIM ADJUSTMENTS The PRIMUS R 660 is delivered from the Honeywell factory or repair facility adjusted for correct pitch and roll stabilization and should be ready for use. However , due to the tolerances of some [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-2 NOTES: 1. Depending on the installation, not all of the adjustments shown in table 7 – 1 are available. If ST A B TRIM ENABLE programming pin is open, only the roll offset adjustment is available. If ST AB TRIM ENABLE programming pin is grounded, all[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-3 In – Flight Adjustments Level Fight Stabilization Check Follow the procedure in table 7 – 2 to determine if you need to perform the roll offset adjustment. Step Procedure 1 T rim the aircraft for straight and level flight in smooth, clear air over level terrain at an altitu[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-4 Symmetrical Ground Returns Figure 7 –1 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Right) Figure 7 –2[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-5 In – Flight Adjustments AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Left) Figure 7 –3 ROLL OFFSET ADJUSTMENT Y ou can make an in – flight adjustment when level flight stabilization errors are detected. This procedure is done by either the WC[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-6 Step Procedure 4 Adjust the tilt down until a solid band of ground returns are shown on the screen. Then adjust the tilt until the green region of the ground returns start at about 40 NM. 5 Select ST AB (STB) 4 times within 3 seconds. A display with te[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-7 In – Flight Adjustments AD–51776@ WX Roll Offset Adjustment Display – Initial Figure 7 –4 WX AD–51777–R1@ Roll Offset Adjustment Display – Final Figure 7 –5[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-8 PITCH OFFSET ADJUSTMENT This in – flight adjustment is made in straight and level flight when the ground returns do not follow the contours of the radar display range arcs. The procedure is listed in table 7 –4. Step Procedure 1 If two controllers [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-9 In – Flight Adjustments ROLL ST ABILIZA TION CHECK Once proper operation in level flight has been established, you can verify correct roll stabilization using the procedures in table 7 –5. Step Procedure 1 T rim the aircraft for straight and level flight in smooth, clear ai[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-10 Symmetrical Ground Returns, Level Flight and Good Roll Stabilization Figure 7 –6 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Understabilization in a Right Roll Figure 7 –7[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-1 1 In – Flight Adjustments AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Overstabilization in a Right Roll Figure 7 –8 ROLL GAIN ADJUSTMENT This in – flight adjustment is made in a bank when the ground returns do not remain symmetrical during turns. The procedure is listed in table [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-12 Step Procedure 6 From the roll of fset entry menu, push the ST AB (STB) button twice more to bring up the roll gain entry menu. 7 T o change the roll gain value, pull out the GAIN knob and rotate it. The roll gain adjustment range is from 90 to 1 10%.[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-13 In – Flight Adjustments Step Procedure 5 If the display of ground returns goes out in range, the pitch is understabilized. See figure 7 –10. 6 If the display of ground returns comes in closer in range, the pitch is overstabilized. See figure 7 – 11 . 7 If the pitch is un[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-14 60 WX 40 20 100 80 AD–53802@ Understabilized in Pitch Up Figure 7 –10 Overstabilized in Pitch Up Figure 7 – 11[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-15/(7-16 blank) In – Flight Adjustments PITCH GAIN ADJUSTMENT This in – flight adjustment is made in a bank when the ground returns do not follow the contours of the range arcs during turns. The procedure is listed in table 7 –8. Step Procedure 1 If two controllers are inst[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 8-1 In–Flight T roubleshooting 8. In–Flight T roubleshooting The PRIMUS R 660 Digital W eather Radar System can provide troubleshooting information on one of two formats: D Fault codes D T ext faults. The selection is made at the time of installation. This section describes acc[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight T roubleshooting 8-2 TEST MODE WITH TEXT F AUL TS ENABLED When airborne, if the radar is switched to TEST mode, any current faults are displayed. When on the ground (weight on wheels active) and the radar is switched to TEST mode, any current faults are displayed, fol[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 8-3 In – Flight T roubleshooting 100 60 40 20 TEST WEATHER INDICA TOR 1234 AD–46709@ PILOT MESSAGE FIELD F AUL T CODE/ POWER ON COUNT TRANSMIT ON/OFF F AUL T DISPLA Y MESSAGE DIVIDER LINE MAINTENANCE MESSAGE F AUL T NAME STRAP CODE 80 Fault Annunciation on W eather Indicator Wi[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight T roubleshooting 8-4 Radar Indication With T ext Fault Enabled (On Ground) Figure 8 –3 PILOT EVENT MARKER At any time a full set of BITE parameters can be recorded by going in and out of variable gain four times (pull GAIN knob for V AR, push for preset, pull for V [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 8-5 In – Flight T roubleshooting F AUL T CODE AND TEXT F AUL T RELA TIONSHIPS T able 8 – 2 lists the relationship between: D Fault codes (FC) D Pilot/Maintenance (MAINT) Messages D Fault Name/type/description/cross reference (XREF). FC XREF FAUL T DESCRIPTION F AUL T NAME PILOT[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight T roubleshooting 8-6 FC F AUL T TYPE LINE MAINT PILOT MSG F AUL T NAME F AUL T DESCRIPTION XREF 4813 T iming FPGA RAM 4814 T iming FPGA REG 05 4815 IO FPGA RAM FPGA RADAR F AIL PULL RT A POWER ON 4828 FPGA Download F AIL RT A 4906 IO FPGA REG 06 4847 STC Monitor STC D[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 8-7 In – Flight T roubleshooting FC F AUL T TYPE LINE MAINT PILOT MSG F AUL T NAME F AUL T DESCRIPTION XREF 4840 AGC Limiting PICTURE UNCAL CONTINUOUS 21 4927 AGC RX DAC Monitor AGC PULL RT A 4928 AGC TX DAC Monitor RADAR F AIL RT A POWER ON 22 4841 Selftest OSC Failure RCVR SELF[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight T roubleshooting 8-8 T able 8 – 3 describes the pilot messages. Pilot M S G Description RADAR F AIL The radar is currently inoperable and should not be relied upon. It needs to be replaced or repaired at the next opportunity . RADAR CAUTION A failure has been detect[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 9-1 Honeywell Product Support 9. Honeywell Product Support Honeywell SPEX R program for corporate operators provides an extensive exchange and rental service that complements a worldwide network of support centers. An inventory of more than 9000 spare components assures that your H[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Honeywell Product Support 9-2 The Honeywell Support Centers listed below will assist with processing exchange/rental orders. 24–HOUR EXCHANGE/RENT AL SUPPORT CENTERS U.S.A. – DALLAS 800–872–7739 972–402–4300 CANADA – OTT A W A 800–267–9947 613–728–4681 ENGLAND[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 9-3 Honeywell Product Support CUSTOMER SUPPORT CENTERS – NORTH AMERICA ( CO NT ) Miami Support Center Honeywell Inc. Commercial A viation Systems 7620 N.W . 25th Street Bldg. C Unit 6 MIAMI, FL 33122 TEL: 305 –436–8722 F AX: 305 –436–8532 CUSTOMER SUPPORT CENTERS – REST[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Honeywell Product Support 9-4 PUBLICA TION ORDERING INFORMA TION Additional copies of this manual can be obtained by contacting: Honeywell Inc. P .O. Box 29000 Business and Commuter A viation Systems Phoenix, Arizona 85038 –9000 Attention: Publication Distribution, Dept. M/S V19A[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 10-1 Abbreviations 10. Abbreviations Abbreviations used in this manual are defined as follows: TERMS DEFINITION AC Advisory Circular ADC Air Data Computer AFC Automatic Flight Control AGC Automatic Gain Control AGL Above Ground Level AHRS Attitude Heading Reference System API Anten[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Abbreviations 10-2 TERMS DEFINITION ft Feet, Foot GMAP , GMP Ground Mapping GPS Global Positioning System GSPD Groundspeed HOLDA Hold Acknowledge HVPS High V oltage Power Supply INHIB Inhibit INT Interrupt IO Input/Output IOP Inoperative IRS Inertial Reference System kt Knot(s) LEW[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 10-3/(10-4 blank) Abbreviations TERMS DEFINITION REG Register R T A Receiver T ransmitter Antenna RX Receiver SBY , STBY Standby SCI Serial Control Interface SCT , SECT Scan Sector SL V Slave SPEX Spares Exchange ST AB, STB Stabilization STC Sensitivity T ime Control TCAS T raffic [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 A–1 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars Appendix A Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars NOTE: This section contains a word–for–word transcription of the contents of the following F AA advisory circulars: D AC 20–68B D AC 00–24B[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–2 Precautions Management and supervisory personnel should establish procedures for advising personnel of dangers from operating airborne weather radars on the ground. Precautionary signs should be displayed in affected [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A–3 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars COMBUSTIBLE MA TERIALS T o prevent possible fuel ignition, an insulated airborne weather radar should not be operated while an aircraft is being refueled or defueled. M.C. Beard Director of Airworthiness. SUBJECT : TH[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–4 Hazards A thunderstorm packs just about every weather hazard known to aviation into one vicious bundle. Although the hazards occur in numerous combinations, let us look at the most hazardous combination of thunderstor[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A–5 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars TURBULENCE D Potentially hazardous turbulence is present in all thunderstorms, and a severe thunderstorm can destroy an aircraft. Strongest turbulence within the cloud occurs with shear between updrafts a nd downdraft[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–6 0 5 10 15 COLD Schematic Cross Section of a Thunderstorm Figure A–1 HAIL D Hail competes with turbulence as the greatest thunderstorm hazard to aircraft. Supercooled drops above the freezing level begin to freeze. O[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A–7 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars LOW CEILING AND VISIBILITY Generally , visibility is near zero within a thunderstorm cloud. Ceiling and visibility may also be restricted in precipitation and dust between the cloud base and the ground. The restrictio[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–8 The National W eather Service (NWS) radar observer is able to objectively determine storm intensity levels with VIP equipment. These radar echo intensity levels are on a scale of one to six. If the maximum VIP levels [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A–9 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars D Don’ t attempt to fly under a thunderstorm even if you can see through to the other side. T urbulence and wind shear under the storm could be disastrous. D Don’ t fly without airborne radar into a cloud mass con[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–10 D If using airborne radar , tilt the antenna up and down occasionally . This will permit you to detect other thunderstorm activity at altitudes other than the one being flown. Following are some do ’ s and don ’ [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A– 11 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars TURBUL ENCE AND ECHO INTE NSI T Y ON NW S RADAR (WSR – 57) The frequency and severity of turbulence increases with radar reflect ivity , a measure of the intens ity of echoes fr om st orm tar gets at a st andard r[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–12 TURBULENCE ABOVE STORM TOPS Flight data shows a relationship between turbulence above storm tops and the airspeed of upper tropospheric winds. WHEN THE WINDS A T STORM T OP EXCEED 100 KNOTS, THERE ARE TIMES WHEN SIGN[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A– 13/(A – 14 blank) Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars MODIFICATION OF CRITERIA WHEN SEVERE STORMS AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT ARE EVIDENT During severe storm situations, radar echo intensities may grow by a factor of ten each minute, and cloud tops by 7,000 [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 B–1 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) Appendix B Enhanced Ground–Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) The AlliedSignal Mark VII EGPWS combines information from aircraft navigation equipment (i.e. flight management system (FMS), inertial reference system (IRS), glo[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Enhanced Ground – Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) B–2 PUSH BUTTON CONTROLS The following remotely mounted push buttons control the EGPWS display: D INHIB (Inhibit) Button – When active, the push on/push off INHIB button prevents terrain data from being displayed on the rada[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 B–3 Enhanced Ground – Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) Related EGPWS System Operation Some installations may have a DA T A – NA V (navigation display , and/or checklist), lightning sensor system (LSS), and/or traffic alert and crew alerting system (TCAS) that already share t[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Enhanced Ground – Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) B–4 EGPWS Display The EGPWS displays is shown as variable dot patterns in green , yellow , or red . The density and color is a function of how close the terrain is relative to the aircraft altitude above ground level (AGL), re[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 B–5 Enhanced Ground – Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) Figure B – 1 shows the EGPWS over KPHX airport at 2000 feet mean sea level heading north. The terrain shows the mountains to the north of Phoenix. AD–62964@ EHSI Display Over KPHX Airport With the EGPWS Display Figure [...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Enhanced Ground – Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) B–6 EGPWS T est When the EGPWS is selected for display , it can be tested. Push the remote mounted EGPWS TEST button to display the test format shown in figure B –2. AD–63056@ EGPWS T est Display Figure B –2[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 Index Index–1 Index A Abbreviations, 10-1 Accelerative Error , 5-15 Additional hazards, 5-55 turbulence versus distance from storm core, 5-55 turbulence versus distance from storm edge, 5-55 Altitude, A–10 relationship between turbulence and altitude, A–10 Antenna mounting er[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–2 Index (cont) F Fault code and text fault relationships, 8-5 pilot messages, 8-8 Federal Aviation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars recommended radiation safety precautions for ground operation of airborne weather radar , A –1 background, A –1 cancellation[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–3 Index (cont) L Level flight stabilization check, 5-17, 7-3 stabilization in straight and level flight check procedure, 5-17, 7-3 Lightning, A –7 Line configurations, 5-52 avoid bow – shaped line of echoes by 20 miles, 5-54 avoid line echo wave patterns (LEWP) by[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–4 Index (cont) weather radar controller operation, WC – 660 (cont) RCT (rain echo attenuation compensation technique (REACT)), 3-1 1 SECT (scan sector), 3-12 SL V (slave) (dual installations only), 3-13 ST AB (stabilization), 3-1 1 target alert characteristics, 3-12[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–5 Index (cont) azimuth resolution, 5-41 hail size probability , 5-36 shadowing, 5-34 spotting hail, 5-37 turbulence probability , 5-34 stabilization, 5-15 accelerative error , 5-15 antenna mounting error , 5-16 dynamic error , 5-15 pitch gain error , 5-22 roll gain er[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–6 Index (cont) System configurations, 2-1 dual configuration, 2-1 dual control mode truth table, 2-3 equipment list, 2-4 cockpit mounted options, 2-4 remote mounted, 2-4 stand – alone, 2-1 T T est mode, 4-6 color bands, 4-6 dedicated radar indicator , 4-6 EFIS/MFD/N[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–7 Index (cont) versus distance from storm core, 5-55 versus distance from storm edge, 5-55 visual appearance of storm and associated turbulence with them , A – 12 Turbulence probability , 5-34 turbulence levels (from airman ’ s information manual), 5-36 24 – hou[...]

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–8 Index (cont) W eather radar controller operation, WC – 660 (cont) SL V (slave) (dual installations only), 3-13 ST AB (stabilization), 3-1 1 target alert characteristics, 3-12 TGT (target), 3-12 TIL T , 3-13 W eather radar indicator operation, WI – 650/660, 3-1 A[...]