JVC GR-DVL315 manual

LYT0710-001A EN INSTRUCTIONS DIGITAL VIDEO CAMERA GR - DVL 315 For Customer Use: Enter below the Model No. and Serial No. which is located on the bottom of cabinet. Retain this information for future reference. Model No. Serial No. ENGLISH CONTENTS AUTOMA TIC DEMONSTRA TION 5 GETTING ST ARTED 6 – 12 BASIC RECORDING & PLA YBACK 13 – 21 BASIC[...]

2 EN CAUTIONS: ● This camcorder is designed to be used with NTSC-type color television signals. It cannot be used for playback with a television of a different standard. However , live recording and LCD monitor/viewfinder playback are possible anywhere. ● Use the JVC BN-V408U/V416U/V428U battery packs and, to recharge them or to supply power to[...]

EN 3 IMPOR T ANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS (1) Read these instructions. (2) Keep these instructions. (3) Heed all warnings. (4) Follow all instructions. (5) Do not use this apparatus near water . (6) Clean only with dry cloth. (7) Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance with the manufacturer ’ s instructions. (8) Do not install nea[...]

4 EN • AAA (R03) Battery x 2 (for remote control unit) • Audio/Video Cable (ø3.5 mini-plug to RCA plug) • Shoulder Strap • Battery Pack BN-V408U • AC Adapter AP-V10U • Remote Control Unit RM-V715U • Lens Cap (  pg. 5 for attachment) PROVIDED ACCESSORIES NOTE: In order to maintain optimum performance of the camcorder , provided cab[...]

EN 5 AUTOMA TIC DEMONSTRA TION Automatic Demonstration takes place when “ DEMO MODE ” is set to “ ON ” (factory-preset).  A vailable when the Power Switch is set to “ ” or “ ” and no cassette is in the camcorder .  Performing any operation during the demonstration stops the demonstration temporarily . If no operation is perfor[...]

6 EN GETTING ST ARTED GETTING ST ARTED CONTENTS Power .................................................. 7 – 8 Grip Adjustment ........................................... 9 Viewfinder Adjustment .................................... 9 Shoulder Strap Attachment ............................... 9 T ripod Mounting .....................................[...]

EN 7 3 2 1 5 4 Power This camcorder ’ s 2-way power supply system lets you choose the most appropriate source of power . Do not use provided power supply units with other equipment. CHARGING THE BA TTERY P ACK 1 T ilt the viewfinder upward 1 . W ith the arrow on the battery pack pointing downward, push the battery pack slightly against the batter[...]

8 EN USING AC POWER Use the AC Adapter (connect as shown in the illustration). NOTES: ● The provided AC Adapter features automatic voltage selection in the AC range from 1 10 V to 240 V . ● For other notes,  pg. 51. A TTENTION: Before detaching the power source, make sure that the camcorder ’ s power is turned off. Failure to do so can res[...]

EN 9 2 PAUSE 1 3 Grip Adjustment 1 Separate the V elcro strip. 2 Pass your right hand through the loop and grasp the grip. 3 Adjust your thumb and fingers through the grip, to easily operate the Recording Start/Stop button and Power Switch and Power Zoom Lever . Be sure to fasten the V elcro strip to your preference. Viewfinder Adjustment 1 Set the[...]

10 EN OF F FA DE R / W I P E AM A E PR O GR A CA MER L MA N U A M SYSTE END AY DIS P L C AN E W. BA L RE N E ON S C LC D / TV U AO T IM E T DA T E / T I ME COD E CLO C K AD J . – – – FF O 25 ’ 01 C E D 30 PM : 5 N RE TUR CLO C K AD J . 25 ’ 01 C E D 30 PM : 5 Date/T ime Settings The date/time is recorded onto the tape at all times, but it[...]

EN 11 Loading/Unloading A Cassette The camcorder needs to be powered up to load or eject a cassette. 1 Slide and hold OPEN/EJECT in the direction of the arrow then pull the cassette holder cover open until it locks. The cassette holder opens automatically . • Do not touch internal components. 2 Insert or remove a tape and press “ PUSH HERE ” [...]

12 EN REC M O DE – SP LP Recording Mode Setting Set the tape recording mode depending on your preference. 1 Set the Power Switch to “ ” while pressing down the Lock Button located on the switch. The power lamp lights and the camcorder is turned on. 2 Press the MENU/BRIGHT wheel in. The Menu Screen appears. 3 Rotate the MENU/BRIGHT wheel to se[...]

EN 13 BASIC RECORDING & PLA YBACK BASIC RECORDING & PLA YBACK CONTENTS BASIC RECORDING ........................ 14 – 17 Basic Recording ...................................... 14 Journalistic Shooting ................................ 15 Self-Recording ....................................... 15 Operation Mode ...............................[...]

14 EN 25 min 90 min 89 min 3 min 2 min 1 min 0 min min 180 ° 90 ° BR I GH T BASIC RECORDING Power lamp T ally lamp (lights while recording is in progress) Lock Button Recording Start/Stop Button T ape remaining time indicator (Approximate) (Now calculating) (Blinking) (Blinking) (Blinking) Display MENU/BRIGHT Wheel Power Switch PUSH-OPEN Button B[...]

EN 15 Self-Recording JOURNALISTIC SHOOTING In some situations, different shooting angles may provide more dramatic results. Hold the camcorder in the desired position and tilt the LCD monitor in the most convenient direction. It can rotate 270 ° (90 ° downward, 180 ° upward). SELF-RECORDING Y ou can shoot yourself while viewing your own image in[...]

16 EN DANGER  The video light can become extremely hot. Do not touch it either while in operation or soon after turning it off, otherwise serious injury may result.  Do not place the camcorder into the carrying case immediately after using the video light, since it remains extremely hot for some time.  When operating, keep a distance of ab[...]

EN 17 Time Code During recording, a time code is recorded on the tape. This code is to confirm the location of the recorded scene on the tape during playback. If recording starts from a blank portion, the time code begins counting from “ 00:00:00 ” (minute:second:frame). If recording starts from the end of a previously recorded scene, the time [...]

18 EN BASIC PLA YBACK Power Switch Rewind Button ( 2 ) Fast-Forward Button ( 3 ) Play/Pause Button ( 4 / 6 ) Stop Button ( 5 ) Normal Playback 1 Load a tape (  pg. 1 1). 2 Set the Power Switch to “ ” while pressing down the Lock Button located on the switch. T o start playback, press 4 / 6 . • T o stop playback, press 5 . • Press 2 to re[...]

EN 19 B L ANK S E ARCH 4 4 Power Switch BLANK SEARCH Button Blank Search Helps you find where you should start recording in the middle of a tape to avoid time code interruption (  pg. 1 7 ). 1 Load a tape (  pg. 1 1). 2 Set the Power Switch to “ ” while pressing down the Lock Button located on the switch. 3 Press BLANK SEARCH . •“ BLA[...]

20 EN Connections These are some basic types of connections. When making the connections, refer also to your VCR and TV instruction manuals. To S To AV Audio/Video cable (provided) Connector cover* White to AUDIO L IN** Red to AUDIO R IN** T o S-VIDEO IN T o TV or VCR S-V ideo cable (optional) TV VCR Audio/Video cable (provided) To AV Red to AUDIO [...]

EN 21 1 Make sure all units are turned off. 2 Connect the camcorder to a TV or VCR as shown in the illustration (  pg. 20). If using a VCR . . . go to step 3. If not . . . go to step 4. 3 Connect the VCR output to the TV input, referring to your VCR ’ s instruction manual. 4 T urn on the camcorder , the VCR and the TV . 5 Set the VCR to its AU[...]

22 EN ADV ANCED FEA TURES ADV ANCED FEA TURES CONTENTS FOR RECORDING ............................................ 23 – 3 0 Snapshot ................................................................ 23 Night-Alive ............................................................. 24 Program AE With Special Effects .............................. 24 – 2[...]

EN 23 SNAP M ODE – FUL L MU L T I – 4 MU L T I – 9 PIN – U P FR A M E FOR RECORDING Snapshot This feature lets you record still images that look like photographs onto a tape. SNAPSHOT MODE SELECTION 1 Set the Power Switch to “ ” while pressing down the Lock Button located on the switch. 2 Press the MENU/BRIGHT wheel in. The Menu Screen [...]

24 EN IC F I L M CLASS SEP I A GH T T W ILI ON E M ONO T SN O W S SP O RT G IH T SP OTL E S T ROB 4 SL X O W 10 SL X O W ER SHUT T 1/100 FOR RECORDING (cont.) NIGHT -ALIVE Button Power Switch IMPORT ANT: Some modes of Program AE with special effects cannot be used with certain Fade/W ipe Effects (  pg. 26, 27). If an unusable mode is selected, i[...]

EN 25 MONOTONE Like black and white films, your footage is shot in B/W . Used together with the Cinema mode, it enhances the “ classic film ” effect. Gives recorded scenes a strobe effect. Y our recording looks like a series of consecutive snapshots. SLOW (Slow Shutter) Lights dark subjects or areas even brighter than they would be under good n[...]

26 EN FOR RECORDING (cont.) Fade/Wipe Effects These effects let you make pro-style scene transitions. Use them to spice up the transition from one scene to the next. Y ou can also vary transitions from scene to scene. IMPORT ANT: Some Fade/W ipe Effects cannot be used with certain modes of Program AE with special effects (  pg. 24, 25). If an un[...]

EN 27 Fader And Wipe Menu Menu Effect Fade in or out with a white screen. Fade in or out with a black screen. Fade in to a color screen from a black and white screen, or fade out from color to black and white. Fade in or out with a full-screen mosaic effect. Wipe in on a black screen from the upper right to the lower left corner , or wipe out from [...]

28 EN FOR RECORDING (cont.) While focusing on a nearer subject While focusing on a further subject FEA TURE: Auto Focus PURPOSE: The camcorder ’ s Full Range AF system offers continuous shooting ability from close-up (as close as approx. 5 cm (2") to the subject) to infinity . However , correct focus may not be obtainable in the situations l[...]

EN 29 Exposure Control Manual exposure adjustment is recommended in the following situations: • When shooting using reverse lighting or when the background is too bright. • When shooting on a reflective natural background such as at the beach or when skiing. • When the background is overly dark or the subject light. 1 Set the Power Switch to [...]

30 EN White Balance Adjustment A term that refers to the correctness of color reproduction under various lighting. If the white balance is correct, all other colors will be accurately reproduced. The white balance is usually adjusted automatically . However , more advanced camcorder operators control this function manually to achieve a more profess[...]

EN 31 OF F FADER / IP E AM A E PR O GR A CA MER L M ANUA M SYSTE END AY DIS P L C AN E W W .B A L RE N E ON S C L CD / T V U AO T IM E T DA T E / T I ME COD E CLO CK AD J . – – – F F O 25 ’ 01 C E D 30 PM : 5 N RE TUR MO D E SNAP OD E REC M SP I 12 BT MO D E SOUND ZO O M UP G AIN – – – – – 40 X L FUL AGC N RE TUR DIS – ON OF F B[...]

32 EN Menu Screen Explanations Refer to “ Fade/W ipe Effects ” (  pg. 26, 27). Refer to “ Program AE With Special Effects ” (  pg. 24, 25). Refer to “ White Balance Adjustment ” and “ Manual White Balance Operation ” (  pg. 30). Allows you to set the recording mode (SP or LP) depending on your preference (  pg. 12). Enab[...]

EN 33 : Factory-preset NOTES: ● The “ MANUAL ” settings are effective only when the Power Switch is set to “ ” . ● “ SYSTEM ” functions which are set when the Power Switch is set to “ ” are also applied when the Power Switch is set to “ ” (  pg. 35). Usually the distance to a subject where the lens is in focus depends on [...]

34 EN USING MENUS FOR DET AILED ADJUSTMENT (cont.) : Factory-preset NOTES: ● “ SYSTEM ” and “ DISPLA Y ” functions which are set when the Power Switch is set to “ ” are also applied when the Power Switch is set to “ ” (  pg. 35). “ CLOCK ADJ. ” only appears when the Power Switch is set to “ ” . ● The “ DISPLA Y ” [...]

EN 35 MD OE SOUND MD OE 12 BI T RO SY NCH OD E REC M STE RE O – SOUND 1 SP – – – N RE T UR O.O RE N E ON SC LC D / TV U AO T IM E T DA T E / T I ME COD E – – – FF O N RE T UR BEE P ME L OD Y N O TAL LY ID N M UB E R – – – 6 0 DE M O M .O D E – N O CA M E RS E T N RE T UR M SYST E AY DI S P L VID E O S O U N D M O D E MO D E MO[...]

36 EN PLA YBACK SOUND During playback, the camcorder detects the sound mode in which the recording was made, and plays the sound back. Select the type of sound to accompany your playback picture. According to the menu access explanation on pg. 35, select “ SOUND MODE ” or “ 12BIT MODE ” from the Menu Screen and set it to the desired paramet[...]

EN 37 DUBBING Dubbing T o A VCR 1 Following the illustration, connect the camcorder and the VCR. Also refer to pg. 20 and 21. 2 Set the camcorder ’ s Power Switch to “ ” while pressing down the Lock Button located on the switch, turn on the VCR ’ s power , and insert the appropriate cassettes in the camcorder and the VCR. 3 Engage the VCR ?[...]

38 EN P L A Y O F F Dubbing T o Or From A Video Unit Equipped With A DV Connector (Digital Dubbing) It is also possible to copy recorded scenes from the camcorder onto another video unit equipped with a DV connector . Since a digital signal is sent, there is little if any image or sound deterioration. [T o use this camcorder as a player] 1 Make sur[...]

EN 39 USING THE REMOTE CONTROL UNIT When using the remote control, be sure to point it at the remote sensor . The illustration shows the approximate transmitted beam effective area for indoor use. The transmitted beam may not be effective or may cause incorrect operation outdoors or when the remote sensor is directly exposed to sunlight or powerful[...]

40 EN USING THE REMOTE CONTROL UNIT (cont.) Buttons Infrared beam transmitting window ZOOM (T/W) Buttons PLA Y Button REW Button STOP Button INSERT Button* REC TIME Button* ANIM. Button* ST ART/STOP Button FF Button P AUSE Button A.DUB Button INT . TIME Button* SELF TIMER Button* P AUSE IN Connector MBR SET Button VISS Button* VCR CTL Button R.A.ED[...]

EN 41 PLA Y STOP FEA TURE: Playback Zoom PURPOSE: T o magnify the recorded image up to 40X at any time during playback. OPERA TION: 1) Press PLA Y ( 4 ) to find the scene of interest. 2) Press the Zoom Buttons ( T/W ) on the remote control. Make sure the remote control is pointed at the camcorder's remote sensor . Pressing T zooms in.  T o [...]

42 EN VCR CODE LIST VCR BRAND NAME GE MAGNAVOX MITSUBISHI NEC PHILIPS JVC HITACHI A B C BUTTONS (A) (B) VCR BRAND NAME PHILIPS SANYO SHARP SONY TOSHIBA ZENITH RCA PANASONIC BUTTONS (A) (B) MBR SET VCR CTL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Random Assemble Editing [R.A.Edit] Create edited videos easily using your camcorder as the source player . Y ou can select up[...]

EN 43 MAKE CONNECTIONS Also refer to pg. 20 and 21. 1 A JVC VCR equipped with a remote pause connector . . . ... connect the editing cable to the Remote P AUSE connector . A JVC VCR not equipped with a remote pause connector but equipped with an R.A. EDIT connector . . . ... connect the editing cable to the R.A.EDIT connector . A VCR other than abo[...]

44 EN USING THE REMOTE CONTROL UNIT (cont.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 –– : –– ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ – – : –– 0 : 00 0 –– TOT AL COD E TI M E N IO U T MO D E PLA Y REW FF ON/OFF IN/OUT CANCEL SELECT SCENES 4 Point the remote control at the camcorder ’ s remote sensor . Press PLA Y ( 4 ) and then press ON/OFF on the remote control. The Random A[...]

EN 45 VCR REC STBY ON/OFF P AUSE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 00 :2 5 ~ 02 : 05 –– 0 7:1 8 ~ 08 : 31 –– –– –– –– –– –– –– 0 3 : 33 ~ 05 : 53 13 : 15 15 : : 55 ~ ~ ~ ~ 16 : 29 –– –– –– –– –– –– –– –– –– –– N IO U T M O D E 0 9:3 0 ~ 1 6 : 30 9 : 39 TOT AL COD E TI M E AUTOMA TIC EDITING TO V[...]

46 EN USING THE REMOTE CONTROL UNIT (cont.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 –– : –– ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ –– N IO U T MO D E – – : –– 0 : 00 0 TOT AL COD E TI M E ON/OFF RO SYN C H O. 1 – For More Accurate Editing Some VCRs make the transition from Record-Pause to Record mode faster than others. Even if you begin editing for the camcorder and the V[...]

EN 47 6e A.DUB P AUSE PLA Y STOP Audio Dubbing The audio track can be customized only when recorded in the 12-bit mode (  pg. 32). NOTES: ● Audio Dubbing is not possible on a tape recorded in 16-bit audio, on a tape recorded in the LP mode or on a blank portion of a tape. ● T o perform Audio Dubbing while watching on the television, make con[...]

48 EN SYSTEM CONNECTIONS NOTES: ● In order to maintain optimum performance of the camcorder , provided cables may be equipped with one or more core filter . If a cable has only one core filter , the end that is closest to the filter should be connected to the camcorder . ● It is recommended to use the AC Adapter as the power supply instead of t[...]

EN 49 Video unit equipped with a DV connector Connection T o A Video Unit Equipped With A DV Connector Connection to the GV -DT3 Digital Printer (optional) allows you to print out images or transfer them to a PC. It is also possible to copy recorded scenes from the camcorder onto another video unit equipped with a DV connector . This function is ca[...]

50 EN REFERENCES REFERENCES CONTENTS DET AILS ............................................. 51 TROUBLESHOOTING ........................ 52 – 5 6 USER MAINTENANCE .............................. 57 INDEX ........................................ 58 – 6 2 Controls, Connectors And Indicators ........ 58 – 59 Indications ...........................[...]

EN 51 I T E M S N O T E S ❍ Perform charging where the temperature is between 10°C and 35°C (50°F and 95°F). 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) is the ideal temperature range for charging. If the environment is too cold, charging may be incomplete. ❍ Charging times are for a fully dischar ged battery pack. ❍ Charging time varies according to[...]

52 EN SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION TROUBLESHOOTING 1. No power is supplied. 2. “ SET DA TE/TIME! ” appears. 3. Recording cannot be performed. 4. There is no picture. 5. The focus does not adjust automatically . 6. The cassette will not load properly . 7. Snapshot mode cannot be used. 8. The color of Snapshot looks strange. 1. • T[...]

EN 53 CONTINUED ON NEXT P AGE SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION 9. The image taken using Snapshot is too dark. 10. The image taken using Snapshot is too bright. 11 . Digital Zoom does not work. 12. The Black & White Fader does not work. 13. The Dissolve function does not work. 14. The Picture W ipe and Dissolve functions do not work. 9.[...]

54 EN TROUBLESHOOTING (cont.) SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION 15. The picture wipe function does not work. 16. Scene transition does not go as expected. 17. The V ideo Echo mode does not work. 18. Even when Slow Shutter is not selected, the image looks like it is activated. 19. There is no strobe when the Classic Film or Strobe mode is ac[...]

EN 55 SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION 25. • In places subject to low temperature, images become dark due to the characteristics of the LCD monitor . When this happens, the displayed colors differ from those that are actually recorded. This is not a defect of the camcorder . • When the LCD monitor's fluorescent light reaches the e[...]

56 EN TROUBLESHOOTING (cont.) SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION 32. The LCD monitor image is distorted. 33. Images on the LCD monitor are jittery . 34. Blocks of noise appear during playback, or there is no playback picture and the screen becomes blue. 35. The LCD monitor , the viewfinder and the lens have become dirty (ex. fingerprints). 3[...]

EN 57 USER MAINTENANCE 2 3 1 Cassette holder cover OPEN/EJECT Switch PUSH HERE Cassette holder Hatch Cleaning The Camcorder 1 T o clean the exterior , wipe gently with a soft cloth. Put the cloth in diluted mild soap and wring it well to wipe off heavy dirt. Then wipe again with a dry cloth. 2 Press PUSH-OPEN and open the LCD monitor . W ipe gently[...]

58 EN INDEX Controls, Connectors And Indicators P L A Y O F F 1 3 4 5 6 7 # $ @ % 0 ! 8 9 2 ^[...]

EN 59 Controls 1 Monitor Open Button [PUSH OPEN] .. . 墌 pg. 14 2 Diopter Adjustment Control ................... 墌 pg. 9 3 Battery Release Switch [BA T . RELEASE] ... 墌 pg. 7 4 • MENU Wheel [+, – , PUSH] ............... 墌 pg. 31 • LCD Monitor BRIGHT (Brightness) Control [+, – ] .................. 墌 pg. 14 5 Snapshot Button [SNAPSHO[...]

60 EN LCD Monitor/Viewfinder Indications During Recording 3 40 x B 2 R 0 W I : G 5 P H 5 T T JA 1 L N 0 P : 1 0 5 0 0 0 R ’ min E 0 A C 1 M ( 8 0 9 @ # ! $ ^ % 2 1 3 4 5 7 6 * & ) 1 Appears when the Power Switch is set to “ ” . ( 墌 pg. 15) 2 • : Appears when Night-Alive is engaged. ( 墌 pg. 24) • : Appears when “ GAIN UP ” is s[...]

EN 61 LCD Monitor/Viewfinder Indications During Playback 1 Displays the sound mode. ( 墌 pg. 35, 36) 2 Displays the Blank Search mode. ( 墌 pg. 19) 3 Displays the tape speed. ( 墌 pg. 12) 4 Appears while a tape is running. 4 : Playback 3 : Fast-Forward/Shuttle search 2 : Rewind/Shuttle search 6 : Pause 6 4 : Forward slow-motion 1 6 : Reverse slo[...]

62 EN E01 — E06 UNIT IN SAFEGU ARD MODE REMO VE AND REA TT ACH B A TTER Y Indications Function Displays the battery remaining power . Remaining power level: high Remaining power level: exhausted As the battery power comes close to nil, the battery indicator blinks. When the battery power is exhausted, power turns off automatically . Appears when [...]

EN 63 Video Light DANGER 䡲 The video light can become extremely hot. Do not touch it either while in operation or soon after turning it off, otherwise serious injury may result. 䡲 Do not place the camcorder into the carrying case immediately after using the video light, since it remains extremely hot for some time. 䡲 When operating, keep a di[...]

64 EN 2. Store cassettes . . . ... away from heaters or other heat sources. ... out of direct sunlight. ... where they won ’ t be subject to unnecessary shock or vibration. ... where they won ’ t be exposed to strong magnetic fields (such as those generated by motors, transformers or magnets). ... vertically , in their original cases. LCD Monit[...]

EN 65 Declaration of Conformity Model Number : GR-DVL315U T rade Name : JVC Responsible party : JVC AMERICAS CORP . Address : 1700 V alley Road W ayne, N. J. 07470 T elephone Number : 973-315 – 5000 This device complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interfere[...]

66 EN TERMS A AC Adapter ............................................ 墌 pg. 7, 8 Audio Dubbing ........................................ 墌 pg. 47 Auto Date ................................................. 墌 pg. 34 Auto Focus ............................................... 墌 pg. 28 Auto Shut off ...................................... 墌 pg.[...]

EN 67 SPECIFICA TIONS Camcorder For General Power supply : DC 1 1.0 V (Using AC Adapter) DC 7.2 V (Using battery pack) Power consumption LCD monitor off, viewfinder on : Approx. 4.3 W LCD monitor on, viewfinder off : Approx. 5.3 W Video light : Approx. 3.5 W Dimensions (W x H x D) : 83 mm x 97 mm x 188 mm (3-5/16" x 3-7/8" x 7-7/16")[...]

U Printed in Japan 1200HOV * UN * YP EN GR-DVL315 VICTOR COMP ANY OF JAPAN, LIMITED COPYRIGHT© 2001 VICTOR COMPANY OF JAPAN, LTD.[...]