Kodak 9500 manual

Integrator’s Guide A-61124 Document Scanner 9500 with Image Manager Document Scanner 9500 without Image Manager[...]

A-61124 March 1999 1-1 1 Introduction This Integrator’s Guide contains information that applies to the following Document Scanners: • Kodak Digital Science ™ Document Scanner 9500 with the Kodak Digital Science Image Manager • Kodak Digital Science ™ Document Scanner 9500 without the Kodak Digital Science Image Manager These scanners are [...]

1-2 A-61124 March 1999 About this guide This Integrator’s Guide provides the information need ed to use the Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner 9500 . You should be familiar with the operation of the scanner. If you are not, refer the Appendix B, Reference Materials for a complete listing of available publications. In addition to this informat[...]

A-61124 March 1999 2-1 2 Scanning Concepts This chapter provides an overview of the scanning process , a discussion of error conditions, and two methods of fault recovery. Scanning documents Follow this sequence to scan documents : set up the scanner , enable scanning , initiate polling , feed d ocuments , and disable scanning . Setup To set up the[...]

2-2 A-61124 March 1999 Enable scanning The host must issue a SCSI Scan command (XX ) to enable scanning before documents can be transported through the scanner. If scanning has not been enabled, the feeder and transport system will not turn on. Initiate polling Initiate host system polling of the scanner to ensure scanned document images are transf[...]

A-61124 March 1999 2-3 When an error occurs, the host will receive a SCSI Check Condition S tatus. This indicates to the host that there may be one current error and potentially one or more deferred errors. The host must follow a Check Condition Status with a SCSI Request Sense command. The Sense data will indicate the type of error that has occurr[...]

2-4 A-61124 March 1999 Fault recovery Fault recovery methods are required when unanticipated circumstances interrupt scanning, such as a document jam. The two methods described below meet the needs of most users. However, other methods may be used. IMPORTANT: Before beginning fault recovery, make sure all the images and headers have been transferre[...]

A-61124 March 1999 3-1 3 Image Headers Image header contents This chapter provides an overview of the type of information generated during the scanning process, and how to retrieve images and headers. The scanner collects the following information for each document scanned: Document number (Sequential ID N umber) The scanner assigns a unique Sequen[...]

3-2 A-61124 March 1999 Image address The scanner assigns an image address to the scanned document. The image a ddress is based upon the index format defined in the current operating mode and the document level assigned to the document. Refer to Appendix C , Assigning Image Addresses for additional information. Header flags The scanner records any f[...]

A-61124 March 1999 3-3 Bar code header information If the Bar Code Accessory is installed and enabled and a bar code is detected on the document, the decoded information is included in the image header. Bar code information can contain a maximum of 106 ASCII characters: • 80 characters of actual data • 9 delimiters • a colon • 14 bytes of i[...]

3-4 A-61124 March 1999 Image header format The following table gives the position and the format of each piece of data placed in the image header: Offset Format Dynamic Data Set by Command 7 ASCII-10 Sequential ID Number DC 27 ASCII-8 Image Size – 45 ASCII-2 Document Level – 54 ASCII-2 Mode HA 71 ASCII-8 Line Length – 95 ASCII-8 Page Length ?[...]

A-61124 March 1999 3-5 NOTES: • The header created for a rear side image is identical to the header created for a front side image except for the literal value (bytes 0 –6); Front # is replaced by Rear # . • Each piece of information collected during the scanning process is placed in an image header associated with the scanned document image [...]

3-6 A-61124 March 1999 Default Image Header F ormat 0123456789 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 F r on t # Le ng t h = 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Leve l = M o d e = L F L i n 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81[...]

3-8 A-61124 March 1999 Retrieving images and headers Headers and images are transferred to the host system via the SCSI Read command. The data can be transferred in one of three forms: header only, image only, or compound image, i.e., header with image. To determine the form, set the transfer type within the SCSI Read command. The image can be read[...]

A-61124 March 1999 3-9 Recommended retrieval methods The following examp les illustrate how to retrieve image h eaders and images. To read compound images (image header with image) using packets: • Perform a SCSI Read asking for 64K bytes of compound data. • From the header, you find the image is 316,000 bytes long. Assuming the header is 512 b[...]

A-61124 March 1999 4-1 4 Scanner — Host Communications This chapter provides an overview of the communication link between the scanner and the host system. Communications between the scanner and the host system occur across a SCSI bus. The SCSI interface supports two-way command/data communication between the scanner and the host system. The SCSI[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-1 5 The SCSI Interface This chapter descr ibes the SCSI inter f ace used with the scanners. For complete inf ormat ion on the appropriat e SCSI specificat ion, ref er to SCSI-2 W orking Draf t ANSI X. 131- 198X , Revision 6, 10/29/88. SCSI overview The SCSI int er f ace provides a means of communication between a maximum of eig[...]

5-2 A-61124 Marc h 1999 SCSI interface signal lines The SCSI inter f ace uses 18 signal lines: Select (SEL) Acknowledge (ACK) Attention (ATN) Reset (RST) Target Busy (BSY) Data (DB(0)-DB(7)) Data Parity (DB(P)) Control/Data (C/D) Input/Output (I/O) Message (MSG) Request (REQ) Host Computer Initiator Issuing SCSI commands There are seven steps or ph[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-3 A rbitrati on phase — an essent ial phase in a multi-host environment with mult iple init iat ors. I n t h is phase, m ultiple initiators com pet e for cont r ol of t he bus. O nly one initiator can have control of t he bus at a time. T he initiator asser t s the BSY signal, sim ult aneously this initiator out puts its own [...]

5-4 A-61124 Marc h 1999 SCSI status responses In the SCSI communication m ode, a f unction is considered incomplete until a valid stat us r esponse is r eceived from t he ot her end of t he SCSI link. T here are thr ee valid SCSI st atus responses: Status Response Code Meaning Good Status 00H The f rame was successfully received and individual fiel[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-5 SCSI message responses Message Code Di rect ion Functi on/ Action SCSI Spec Ref Command Complete 00H scanner->host Scanner indicat ing the I/ O process is completed and a valid status has been sent. Section 5.6.5 Initi ator-De tected Error 05H host->scanner Scanner cont inues cur r ent I/O process. Section 5.6.11 Abort [...]

5-6 A-61124 Marc h 1999 SCSI conformance The scanner conf orms t o t he SCSI specif icat ions as f ollows: • Single-ended, 8- bit bus, Cable A, shielded connector (Alternat ive 2). Cable B is not supported. • Single-initiat or ( one host ) is supported. Disconnect and Reselect are not suppor t ed. • Asynchronous maximum transf er r ate of 1. [...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-7 SCSI commands This section list s t he SCSI commands t hat t he scanner supports. Inf or m at ion for each com mand includes: • Command f or mat operation codes ( op codes). • Section numbers t o r ef erence in t he SCSI - 2 Specif ications. • Command block descr iptor. • Command specif ics ( parameters) . SCSI comman[...]

5-8 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Define Window Par ameters command Command op code: 24H SCSI Specifi cation: Sect ion 14. 2. 1 Command block descriptor Bit By te 7 6 5 4321 0 0 Operation Code (24H) 1 Logical Unit Num ber Reserved 2 Reserved 3 Reserved 4 Reserved 5 Reserved 6 (MSB) Trans fer Length 7 8 (LSB) 9 Vendor Unique Reserved Flag Link NOTE: For singl[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-9 Define Window descript or bytes Bit Byte 7 6 5 43 2 1 0 0 W indow Identifier 1 Reserve d 2 (MSB) X Re s o l ut io n 3 (LSB) 4 (MSB) Y Re s o l ut io n 5 (LSB) 6 (MSB) 7 Upper Left X 8 9 (LSB) 10 (MSB) 11 Upper Left Y 12 13 (LSB) 14 (MSB) 15 W idth 16 17 (LSB) 18 (MSB) 19 Length 20 21 (LSB) 22 Brightness 23 Threshold 24 Contra[...]

5-10 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Define Window Parameters data Descriptor Data Definition W indow Identifier = SFFFFF00 S=Side (0-Front, 1-Rear) FFFFF=Mode (0-18) Auto = 0 Auto windows not supported X Resol uti on = 0 = 70 to 300 If zero, will default to 200 dpi Docum ent Scanner 9500 Y Resolution = Defaults to X resolution Upper Left X † = 0 to 14400* 0[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-11 Descriptor Data Definition Bit Ordering = 0000H 0001H Alway s scans lef t to right, top to bottom Data pack ing within a by te (bit ordering) is selectable: 0000H=ms b/right;lsb/lef t 0001H=ms b/left;lsb/r ight (default) Compr ession T y pe = 00H, 01H, 02H, 03H 00H = no com pression 01H = TSS G roup III, 1-dim ensional 02H =[...]

5-12 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Get Window command Command op code: 25H SCSI Specifi cation: Sect ion 14. 2. 2 Command block descriptor Bit By te 7 654321 0 0 Operation Code (25H) 1 Logical Unit Num ber Reserved Single 2 Reserved 3 Reserved 4 Reserved 5 W indow Identifier 6 (MSB) 7 Trans fer Length 8 (LSB) 9 Vendor Unique Reserved Flag Link Get Window dat[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-13 Get Window Parameters header data Descriptor Data Definition W indow Data Length = 54 882 1756 The value is equal to the data header, not including the window data length (8 by tes) plus the num ber of windows mu ltiplied by the window descr iptor length single window = 46 by tes all windows/simplex = 874 by tes all windows/[...]

5-14 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Get Window descriptor bytes B i t / B y t e 7 65 43210 0 W indow Identifier 1 Reserved 2 (MSB) X Resolution 3 (LSB) 4 (MSB) Y Resolution 5 (LSB) 6 (MSB) 7 Upper Left X 8 9 (LSB) 10 (MSB) 11 Upper Left Y 12 13 (LSB) 14 (MSB) 15 W idth 16 17 (LSB) 18 (MSB) 19 Length 20 21 (LSB) 22 Brightness 23 Threshold 24 Contrast 25 Image [...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-15 Get Window Parameters data Descriptor Data Defin ition W indow Identifier = SFFFFF00 S=Side (0-Front, 1-Rear) FFFFF=Mode (0-18) Auto = 0 Auto windows not supported X Resolution = 70 to 300 Doc ument Sc anner 9500 Y Re so lu tio n = Upper Left X † = 0 to 14400* 0 to 12 inches (0 to 304.8 m m ) Upper Left Y † = 0 to 24000*[...]

5-16 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Descriptor Data Defin ition Noise Filter = 0, 1, 2 0 = no f ilter 1 = rem ove lone pixels 2 = majority rul e No Scan = 0 = 1 No s can off (scanning enabled) No scan on (s canning disabled) Border Reduction ‡ = 0 = 1 Bor der Reduction disabled Border Reduction enabled Skew Correctio n = 0 = 1 Sk ew Correction enabled Skew [...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-17 Inquir y command Command op code: 12H SCSI Specifi cation: Sect ion 7. 2. 5 Command block descriptor Bit Byte 76543210 0 Operation Code (12H) 1 Logical Unit Number Reserved EVPD 2 Page Code 3 Reserved 4 Allocation Length 5 Vendor Unique Reserved Flag Link EVPD = 0 N ot supported Page Code = 0 Not supported Allocation Length [...]

5-18 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Inquiry data Descriptor Data Definit ion Peripheral Qualif ier 000b Peripheral Device 06H Scanner device Remove Medium 0b Not rem ovable Device-T y pe Modifier 01H 02H Sim plex (fr ont only ) Duplex (f ront and rear) ISO Version 0 No c om pliance claim s ECMA Version 0 No com pliance claim s ANSI Version 2H ANSI X3.131 Asyn[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-19 Read command Command op code: 28H SCSI Specifi cation: Sect ion 14. 2. 5 Command block descriptor Bit Byte 7 6543 210 0 Operation Code (28H) 1 Logical Unit Number Reserved RelAdr 2 Transfer Data Type 3 Reserved 4 (M SB) Transfer Identification 5 (LSB) 6 ( MSB) Transfer Length 7 8 (LSB) 9 V endor Unique Reserv ed Flag Link Re[...]

5-20 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Release Unit command Command op code: 17H SCSI Specifi cation: Sect ion 14. 2. 6 Command block descriptor This comm and is not f ully implement ed. A G ood Status will be returned if it is executed. Bit Byte 76543210 0 Operation Code (17H) 1 Logical Unit Number 3rdPty Third Party Device Reserved 2 Reserved 3 Reserved 4 Rese[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-21 Request Sense command Command op code: 03H SCSI Specifi cation: Sect ion 7. 2. 15 Command block descriptor Bit Byte 76543210 0 Operation Code (03H) 1 Logical Unit Number Reserv ed 2 Reserved 3 Reserved 4 Allocation Length 5 Vendor Unique Reserved Flag Link Request Sense descriptor bytes Bit Byte 76543 210 0 Valid Error Code [...]

5-22 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Request Sense data Descriptor Data Definition Valid = 1 Data is alway s valid Error Code = 70H = 71H Cu rrent Error Deferred Erro r Segment Num ber = 0 Not used Filem ark = 0 Not valid EOM = 0 Not valid ILI = 0 = 1 No Incor rect Length Incorrec t Length Indicator is on Sense Key = 00H = 01H = 02H = 04H = 05H = 06H = 0BH = 0[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-23 Additional Info Scanner Di sabled Err or Sense Key Sens e Code Sense Qualifier Description Byt es Seq. Id# Recovery Required Fatal Error Calibration Required Stop Trans Contr ol Panel 0 00 00 No additional inform ation 5 20 00 Invalid command operation code 5 20 80 Invalid scanner-unique command 5 20 82 Invalid scanner-uniqu[...]

5-24 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Reserve Unit command Command op code: 16H SCSI Specifi cation: Sect ion 14. 2. 6 Command block descriptor This comm and is not f ully implement ed. A G ood Status will be returned if it is executed. Bit Byte 76543210 0 Operation Code (16H) 1 Logical Unit Number 3rdPty T hird Party Device Res erved 2 Reserved 3 Reserved 4 Re[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-25 Send command Send is requir ed when executing scanner- uniq ue commands. Command op code: 2AH SCSI Specifi cation: Sect ion 14. 2. 8 Command block descriptor Bit Byte 7 6543210 0 Operation Code (2AH) 1 Logical Unit Number R eserved RelAdr 2 Transfer Data Ty pe 3 Reserved 4 Transfer Identification 5 (LSB) 6 (MSB) Transfer Len[...]

5-26 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Using the Send command for scanner- unique commands Scanner-unique com mands may be sent to the scanner dur ing the Data Tr ansf er phase of a SCSI Send command. IMPORTANT : The Transfer Type f ield m ust be set t o 80H. The f ollowing tables illustrate how a scanner-uniq ue DA command with a data field of 345.6 would be se[...]

A-61124 March 1999 5-27 Test Unit Ready command Command op code: 00H SCSI Specifi cation: Sect ion 7. 2. 17 Command block descriptor Bit Byte 7 6543210 0 Operation Code (00H) 1 Logical U nit Number Reserved 2 Reserved 3 Reserved 4 Reserved 5 Vendor Unique Reserved Flag Link[...]

A-61124 March 1999 6-1 6 Scanner-unique Commands This chapter provides informat ion about the scanner-uniq ue commands used f or communication and dat a exchange between the scanner and host system. Scanner-unique com mands, which are used to establish or change the scanner configur ation can be executed by sending a SCSI Send command ( with the Tr[...]

6-2 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Command summary The following table pr ovides a summary of all available scanner- unique commands. Detailed descriptions of each command appear on the pages indicat ed. Machine Level Commands May be used with: Description Command SCSI Send SCSI Read Page Setup Bit Order EX Yes Yes 6–6 Count Only Mode MC Yes No 6–11 Seque[...]

A-61124 March 1999 6-3 There are t hree types of im age processing com mands: • X commands af fect bot h front and rear scanning. • Y com mands aff ect only fr ont scanning. • Z com mands aff ect only rear scanning . W hen using SCSI Send: For duplex scanners, all three t ypes of commands m ay be used. For simplex scanners, only the Y comm an[...]

6-4 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Commands Each scanner-unique com mand is described in this sect ion. The command descript ions appear in alphabetical order. A X/Y/Z Cropping/ A uto Cropping The AX/ Y/Z command def ines the scan window (cropping parameter s) to be used for the current m ode. Data Field Command Field xs3...xs 0 xl3...x10 ys3...y s0 y l3...y [...]

A-61124 March 1999 6-5 BX/Y/Z — Scan resolution The BX /Y/Z command def ines scanning r esolution for t he current mode. Data Field Command Field res B X/Y/Z Data Field Description Value(s) res scan re solution in dots per inch 70 to 300* * Values mus t be specif ied in increm ents of 10 dpi. If not, values will be rounded to the nearest 10 dpi b[...]

6-6 A-61124 Marc h 1999 DX — No scan The DX com mand enables or disables scanning f or the cur rent mode. Data Field Command Field stat D X Data Field Descrip tion Valu e(s) stat no s can off (scanning enabled) 0 no scan on (s canning disabled) 1 EX — Bit order The EX command def ines the bit or der within a byte of imag e data. Data Field Comm[...]

A-61124 March 1999 6-7 FX/Y/Z — Compression T he FX/Y/Z com mand defines t he compression f or the current mode. It allows the optional specificat ion of a K-f actor f or Gr oup III, two-dimensi onal compression. Data Field Command Field cmp K-factor (opt) F X/Y /Z Data Field Descript ion Value(s) cm p uncom pressed 0 Group III com pres sion (one[...]

6-8 A-61124 Marc h 1999 GX — End of job The GX command initiates t he scanner End of Job seq uence. This sequence includes: • turning off the f eeder • flushing the transport • turning off the transpor t • disabling scanning NOTE: The imag e buffer is not cleared. Data Field Command Field none G X HA — Set mode The HA comm and changes t[...]

A-61124 March 1999 6-9 JA — Define mode The JA command alter s the preprog rammed application m ode by storing the current oper ating mode in its place. After the cur rent operating mode has been stored as one of the 18 application modes, it can be select ed in one of two ways: the operator can select it by entering function code F01 on t he scan[...]

6-10 A-61124 Marc h 1999 JA command Exampl e 2: • Mode 4 is the curr ent application mode. • T he host executes the f ollowing FX command to disable compression: HEX 30 46 58 CHAR 0 F X • T he host executes a JA command, specif ying Mode 3: HEX 33 4A 41 CHAR 3 J A W hen Mode 3 is selected f rom the scanner oper ator control panel, all of t he[...]

A-61124 March 1999 6-11 KX/Y/Z — Scan contrast The KX/ Y/Z command def ines the contrast used for t he current mode. NOTE: A contrast of 0 results in a f ixed threshold. Data Field Command Field cont K X/Y/Z Data Field Descrip tion Valu e(s) cont sc an contrast r anging from 0 (f ixed thresholding) to 100 ( fully adaptive) 0–100 NOTES: • Lead[...]

6-12 A-61124 Marc h 1999 MX/Y/Z — Image enhancement filter The MX/Y/Z command selects an Im age Enhancement f ilter f or the current mode. Data Field Command Field filter M X/Y/Z Data Field Descrip tion Valu e(s) filter no filter ( all pass) 0 halftone rem oval 1 no filter ( all pass) 2 no filter ( all pass) 3 NF — Level of next document The NF[...]

A-61124 March 1999 6-13 SX/Y/Z — Rev e rse image The SX/Y/Z com mand changes t he white/black polarity f or the current mode. Data Field Command Field rev S X/Y/Z Data Field Descrip tion Valu e(s) rev white/0 black /1 0 white/1 black/0 1 TX — Simplex/duplex status The TX com mand directs a duplex scanner to scan either one or both sides of the [...]

6-14 A-61124 Marc h 1999 YX/Y/Z — Border Reduction If auto-cropping is off (see AX , Y , Z comm and), the Y command removes borders on sides of documents. Data Field Command Field Border Y X/Y/Z Data Field Descrip tion Valu e(s) Border Border Reduction disabled 0 Border Reduction enabled 1 NOTE: If auto-cropping is on, and this command is sent , [...]

A-61124 March 1999 6-15 Scanner-unique command samples There ar e several way s to alter the default image processing parameters: • t emporarily override an individual parameter • t emporarily override a gr oup of param eters • per manently change an individual parameter • per manently change a gr oup of param eters Tempor ary individual pa[...]

6-16 A-61124 Marc h 1999 The f ollowing table illustrates how the use of a string of scanner- unique comm ands can temporarily override current mode parameters: RESULT A CT ION Compression Resolut ion Scanner is in Mode 1 3* 200* Host executes SCSI Send com mand with 2FX300BX 2 300 Host executes SCSI Send com mand with 4HA 3* 200* Host executes SCS[...]

A-61124 March 1999 6-17 Permanently changing a group of parameters A permanent chang e to a group of paramet ers is perf ormed by temporar ily ov erriding a group of parameter s and then sending a scanner-uniq ue Define Mode (JA) command t o save the values to a specified m ode.** The perm anent parameter changes remain in ef f ect until a SCSI or [...]

6-18 A-61124 Marc h 1999 Recommended usage of scanner-unique commands The recom mended method of downloading and saving image processing param eters, when using scanner- unique commands, is to use a SCSI Send comm and to transm it all desired paramet er changes, and a Def ine Mode (JA) command to per manently store the paramet er changes in a speci[...]

A-61124 March 1999 7-1 7 The Diagnostic Interface (J45/COIN3) This chapter descr ibes the communications bet ween the scanner and an RS-232 term inal, which may used to receive diagnostic informati on. Usage The diagnost ic interf ace ( also r ef erred t o as CO IN3) may be used to receive diagnostic messag es. This int er f ace may be used as a di[...]

A-61124 March 1999 A-1 Appendix A Glossary Batch A number of documents to be scanned as a group. Bi-tonal image An unscreened image that consists of pixels which are either black or white (1 bit/pixel), as opposed to gray scale (screened) images which consist of pixels which are assigned a value based upon a range of gray shades. Calibration An ope[...]

A-2 A-61124 March 1999 Document image level Rank associated with a type of document. Up to four levels — Level 3, Level 2, L evel 1, and L evel 0 — can be used. The level can be set automatically using a Patch R eader acces sory, manually by pressing the F ootswitch, by pressing a Level key on the control panel, or by sending a scanner-unique L[...]

A-61124 March 1999 A-3 Multilevel indexing A method of organizing documents in a structured manner when one type of document is associated with a particular level and another type of document is associated with another level of greater or lesser importance. For example, an insurance application with batches associated with L evel 3, claims associat[...]

A-4 A-61124 March 1999 Scaling Method used to obtain output resolutions other than the base resolution of the scanner . Can be done only from a higher resolution to a lower resolution . Scanner-unique command Allows the host computer and the scanner to communicate with each other. Scanner-unique commands must be in the format described in this manu[...]

A-61124 March 1999 B-1 Appendix B Reference Materials The following publications are available for the Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner 9500 . A-61092 User's Guide A-61124 Integrator's Guide A-61094 Installation Planning and System Maintenance Guide A-61097 Installation Questionnaire Instructions /Mode Setup Software Accessory-speci[...]

A-61124 March 1999 C-1 Appendix C Assigning Image Addresses An image a ddress may contain up to 15 characters, consisting of a maximum of 12 digits and a maximum of 3 delimiters. You must define the following four fields: • Field A represents Level 1. Its value is incremented when a document is assigned Level 1. • Field B represents Level 2. It[...]

C-2 A-61124 March 1999 • Three Level Offset Format Field A is defined as having a field length of zero. Field B is defined as having a field length greater than zero. Field C is defined as having a field length greater than zero. Fixed Field may be defined, if desired. Example: FFFFFF.CCC.BBB. • Three Level Format Field A is defined as having a[...]

A-61124 March 1999 D-1 Appendix D Image Processing Parameter Defaults Image processing parameters Image processing parameters are fine-tuned during integration for each application/document type, with the goal of optimizing document image quality . At the beginning of the optimization process, the default image processing parameter settings should [...]

D-2 A-61124 March 1999 Table D-1 — Scanner 9500 with the Image Manager Default image processing parameters Parameter Command Modes 1,5,9, Modes 13,17 Modes 2,6,10 Modes 14,18 Modes 3,7,11,15 Modes 4,8 Modes 12,16 Scan (X & Y) Resolution BX/Y/Z 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 Cropping Parameters AX/Y/Z auto crop auto crop auto crop auto crop x sta[...]

A-61124 March 1999 D-3 Table D-2 — Scanner 9500 Recommended I mage processing parameters Document Type Threshold (JX/Y/Z) Contrast (KX/Y/Z) Screen (LX/Y/Z) Image Enhancement Filter Noise Filter (NX/Y/Z) Compression All Text Documents (ATP enabled) 90 (default) 62 (default) 2-level None On On Continuous tone* (photographic) (standard IP enabled) 1[...]

D-4 A-61124 March 1999 Table D-3 — Scanner 9500 without the Image Manager Default image processing parameters Parameter Command Modes 1,5,9,13,17 Modes 2,6,10,14,18 Modes 3,7,11,15 Modes 4,8,12,16 Scan (X & Y) Resolution BX/Y/Z 200 200 200 300 Cropping Parameters AX/Y/Z x start = 170 170 170 170 x length = 864 864 864 864 y start = 0000 y len[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-1 Appendix E I mage P r ocessing Thi s appendix pr ov ides an ov er vi ew of im age proces sing capab ilities which a re con tro lled by the h os t compu te r using scanner -unique com mands and gui deli nes f or ev aluating s canned im ages. This infor ma tion p er tain s to the fo llowing: • K odak Digi tal Science [...]

E-2 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 Ima g e processing capabilities This secti on describes the s tandard capab ilities o f th e sc anner. Ref er to the end of thi s secti on for inf or mati on o n ho w to use t he Adaptiv e Thres hold Proces sor accessory. Cropping Cr opping is a m ethod of capturing a por tion of the total docum ent being s canned. Th[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-3 Co mpressio n Com pres sion i s used to reduc e the number of b ytes needed f or scanned doc ument i mages , thus s av ing storage s pace and/or trans mi ssi on tim e. This i s acc ompli shed with s pecial algori thms that use run- length encodi ng. The sc anner al low s one of thr ee types of com pressi on: • TSS G[...]

E-4 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 Contras t (without A TP) Co nt rast d ete rmin es t he a bilit y of th e sc anner to detect subtle diff erences i n gra y le vel s . It is def ined as a perc entage, fr om 0 to 100%. A high contr ast v alue will pr oduce a scanned output of most ly b lac ks and whi tes (onl y large changes i n gra y le vel s are de te[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-5 Image enhan cement f ilters Image Enhanc ement fi lters ar e used to optimi z e cer tain max im um char acteristi cs. The f ollo wing Im age Enhancement f ilter options are a vai labl e for the scanner /micr oim ager 990 onl y . • No ( a ll-p ass) filt er — used w hen no enhancement to an im age is nec essary . ?[...]

E-6 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 Mixe d mode/E rror diffusion Mi xed m ode/Err or di ffusion pr ocessing s creens photographi c areas of a docum ent to simul ate gra y le vel s , yet sharpens the edges of te xt. It i s rec omm ended that mix ed mode/err or diffusi on be used when a m ix of te xt, graphs , pictur es , and col ors i n the docum ents ar[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-7 Noise filter The sc anner uses two t ypes of N oise f il ters : Rem ov e Lone Pix el and Maj ority R ule . Use the N oise f ilter to i ncreas e the com press ion ratio and i mpro ve the appear ance of docum ent im ages. • Remove Lone Pixe l — reduces r andom noise on bi-t onal im ages by con verting a si ngle b la[...]

E-8 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 This is the sam e document, using the R emov e Lone Pix el Nois e f il ter to s uppres s the bac kground noi se:[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-9 Resolution The r esolution of a scanned i mage is def ined b y the num ber of pix els- per-i nch (al so kno wn as dots -per -inch or dpi ) that ar e used to cr eate the im age. The sc anner is capab le of produci ng document i mages of v ar yi ng resol utions. F or ex ampl e , if t he desir ed resoluti on is 100 dpi, [...]

E-10 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 Scr eening/Dithering Scr eening (dit hering) i s a method used to si mulate gra y le vels . Scr eening i s e xpr essed i n terms of le vel s, r anging from 2-l ev el to 64-l ev el, w ith se v eral le v els i n between. Scr eening is a pr ocess that gr oups neighboring pi x els together into a s uper- pix el. The s iz[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-11 Threshol ding Thres holdi ng is us ed to con v er t a gra y scal e im age into a bi- tonal (1 bi t/pix el) i mage. The thres holdi ng v alue r anges fr om 0 to 255. A low th resh old value will p r oduce a li ghter im age , and can be used to subdue bac kgrounds and subtl e, unneeded inf ormation. A hig h thre sho ld[...]

E-12 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 Thi s docum ent was scanned us ing a ( high) thr eshold v alue of 170: Thi s docum ent was scanned us ing a ( low ) thr eshold v alue of 85.[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-13 Adaptive Threshold Pr ocessor (A T P) accessory The Adapti ve Thres hold Pr ocess or s eparates the f oregr ound inf or mati on in an image ( i.e ., text, graphi cs, l ines , etc.) from the bac kground inf ormation ( i.e., whi te paper bac kground) . The Adapti v e T hreshold Pr ocessor perf orms adapti v e thres hol[...]

E-14 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 Image A w as proc essed using a contr ast v alue of 50. Im age B w as process ed using a c ontrast v alue of 80. C ompare the tw o im ages. N otice t he wor d "f our" in b loc ks 5, 6, 7 and 8 w as not vis ib le in Im age A, b ut is v isib le in Image B . T hus , the inc reased contr ast v alue pro vided mo[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-15 A TP Threshold s ettings The thr eshold param eter control s the lightnes s and darkness of the bac kground in an i mage. Thr eshold c an hav e a val ue between 0 and 255, w ith a def ault v alue of 90. As the thres hold is incre ase d, mo re of th e da rker grays in the ima ge will be come bl ack . As the thres hold[...]

E-16 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 Ima g e M anager capab ilities The K odak Digi tal Science Image Manager ac cess ory prov ides sk ew detection and c orrect ion, auto- cropping and bor der reduc tion. Thi s accessory is no t av ailable on t he Scanner /Mi cr oimag er 990. Skew D etect ion and Cor rectio n The Im age Manager pr ov ides s ke w detecti[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-17 Auto-cropping W hen auto-croppi ng is turned on, i t detects and cr ops the border s of a document and outputs the actual si ze of the docum ent that w as scanned. The fol lo wing illustra tes h ow sk ew cor rect ion and auto- cr opping w ork. Areas f illed wit h scan ner bac kgroun d ( 16 pixe ls max . ) Skew ed doc[...]

E-18 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 The illust ratio ns t ha t follow show example s o f skew correctio n in f ix ed croppi ng mode. Examp le 1 Skew e d d ocum en t - - - - - Ce nt er f ed U n - s k e w e d o r d e s k e w e d d o c u m e n t - ---- C e n t e r f e d Li ne Lengt h = N x 16 pixe ls (F ix ed Cr opp ing) Line Leng th = N x 16 p ixel s (Fi[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-19 Examp le 3 If the entire im age border i s almost as dark as the scanner bac kground (i.e ., bl ac k or dark b lue), desk ew , auto-croppi ng and border r eduction m ay not w or k pr operly . The res ulting i mage will not be desk ew ed or auto- cropped, as s how n in the e xampl e belo w . Possib le result of deskew[...]

E-20 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 Border reduc tion The border r eduction f eature only w or ks when auto- cr opping i s turned off. Border r eduction f ills th e are a ou tside o f the docum ent edges w ith a w hite bac kground w ithin the f ix ed cr opping w idth. The fol lo wing illustrat ion sh ows the e ffects o f border r eduction. Line Length [...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-21 Ev aluating scanned ima g es Thi s secti on descri bes methods f or ev aluating di gital ly scanned im ages. Ev aluating s canned images requi res an unders tanding of how sc anned im ages are cr eated and the types of sour ce docum ents used to c reate thes e im ages. Im age creation and sour ce im age types are als[...]

E-22 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 Computer-gene rate d ima ges Com puter- generated im ages (printed by dot- matrix or l aser printers ) ar e discrete i n both tone and space. Di scr ete in tone means the im age consi sts of pi xel s on a grid. The num ber of bi ts-per- pix el determine the num ber of gra y le vel s av ail abl e. The spac ing betw ee[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-23 Ev aluation criteria Ta r g e t The tar get used i s the IEEE Std 167A01987 F acsim il e T est C har t. This tar get was chos en for its te xt and photographic content, as wel l as the assortment of r esoluti on targets .[...]

E-24 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 Stair casing Stair casi ng is dis pla yed w hen a detail on the scanned i mage s witches from the scan l ine to the nex t li ne of the grid. This is t he sam e degradati on seen on com puter-gener ated im ages and is mos t apparent on shal low sl opes and soft curv es. Stai rcasi ng can be mi nimiz ed by sc anning at[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-25 Use of the Hal ftone Rem ov al option l ower s the resol ution of the im age so it is l ower than the sc an resol ution. T he associ ated loss in r esoluti on may not be acceptab le f or al l appl icati ons . Figures C an d D illustrat e th e effec t of Half ton e Removal on th e alia sing patterns. Figure C Figure D[...]

E-26 A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 When us ing a tr aditi onal m icr ocopy c har t, res oluti on is r ead as the sma llest t arge t th at is clea rly visible, with n o line lo ss (all fiv e li nes pres ent). 4.0 lin e pair s-pe r-millime ter is the la st tar get with all five lin es v isible. Nois e and d y nami c range Noi se i n the scanned i mage w[...]

A-61122/A-61124 March 1999 E-27 Brightne ss Br ightnes s indic ates that cali bration is functi oning correc tly and is dir ectly aff ected by thres hold. Loss i n brightness i n a scanned im age ma y indic ate a need to recal ibrate the scanner or to alter thres hold v alues . Brightness i s m easur ed, usi ng the step w edge, by counti ng the num[...]

EASTMAN KOD AK COMPAN Y Doc um ent Im ag i ng Roc hester , New York 14650 Kodak, Digital Science and t he ds m onogram symbol are t rademar ks of Eastm an Kodak Com pany. Print e d on recycled pape r. A-61124 3/99 © East m an Kodak Company, 1999 Prin ted in U .S.A. DOCUMENT IMA GING[...]