Princeton 4411-0087 manual

4411-0087 Version 3.B May 14, 2004 *4411-0087*[...]

© Copyright 2004 Roper Scientific, Inc. 3660 Quakerbridge Rd Trenton, NJ 08619 TEL: 800-874-9789 / 609-587-9797 FAX: 609-587-1970 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the written permission of Roper Scientific, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. IPLab is a trademark of Scanalytics, Inc.[...]

iii Table of Contents Manual Over view ................................................................................................. 7 Safety Related Symbols Used in This Manual ................................................................... 8 Chapter 1 D escription ...........................................................................[...]

iv ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Appendix A Speci ficati ons ............................................................................... 63 CCD Arrays ..................................................................................................................... .6 3 Temperature Control .............................................[...]

Table of Contents v Setting up a USB 2.0 Interface ....................................................................................... 108 ISA Serial Card ............................................................................................................... 1 09 Warranty & Service ...................................................[...]

vi ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Figure 39. Power Input Module ....................................................................................... 80 Figure 40. Fuse Holder .................................................................................................... 80 Figure 41. ST-133A Controller Dimensions .....................[...]

7 Manual Overview Note: The general identifier "ST-133" is used for both the ST-133A Controller and the ST-133B Controller. Where there is a differe nce, the specific identifier is used. Chapter 1 , Description provides an overview of the ST-133 Controller and Camera. Chapter 2, Getting Started discusses introductory topics such as unpack[...]

8 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Safety Related Symbols Used in This Manual Caution! The use of this symbol on equipment indicates that one or more nearby items should not be ope rated without first consulting the manual. The same symbol appears in the ma nual adjacent to the text that discusses the hardware item(s) in question. Caution! Risk[...]

9 Chapter 1 Description Introduction Overview: The Model ST-133 is a compact, high performance CCD Camera Controller for operation with Princeton Instruments * cameras. Designed for high speed and high performance image acquisition, the controller offers data transfer at speeds up to 1 megapixel per second, standard video output for focusing and al[...]

10 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B High Speed Data Transfer: Data is transferred directly to the host computer memory via a high-speed interface (TAXI or USB 2.0 protocol) link. A frame buffer with standard composite video, either RS-170 (EIA) or CCI R, whichever was ordered, may also be provided. The digital data at the output of th e A/D con[...]

11 Chapter 2 Getting Started Introduction This chapter will help you get off to a good st art with your ST-133 Controller. In addition to descriptions of such basics as unpacki ng and grounding safety, the chapter includes discussions of the requirements that have to be met before the cam era can be switched on. Included are environmental, power, c[...]

12 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B • USB 2.0 interface (Supported by versions 2.5. 14 and higher of WinView/32 and WinSpec/32. PTG and USB 2.0 co mpatibility supported by versions 2.5.15 and higher.) USB 2.0 Card: USB 2.0 interface card installed in the host computer. USB 2.0 Interface Control Module: Interface module installed in the ST-133[...]

Chapter 2 Getting Started 13 • Relative humidity ≤ 50% noncondensing. Power Requirements The ST-133 Controller can operate from any one of four different nominal line voltages: 100, 120, 220, or 240 VAC. Refer to the Fuse/Voltage label on the back of the ST-133 for fuse, voltage, and power consumption information. The plug on the line cord supp[...]

14 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B storage, depending on the number and size of spectra collected. Disk level compression programs are not recomm ended. • Super VGA m onitor and graphics card supporti ng at least 256 colors with at least 1 Mbyte of memory. Memory requireme nt is dependent on desired display resolution. • Two-button Microso[...]

Chapter 2 Getting Started 15 Controller Features Front Panel POWER Switch and Indicator: The power switch location and characteristics depend on the version of ST-133 Controller that was shipped with your system. In some versions, the power switch is located on th e on the front panel and has an integral indicator LED that lights whenever the ST-13[...]

16 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Suitable driver electronics will also be required . See the Note on page 20 for information on how the signal provided at the connector is selected. REMOTE: The shutter-drive pulses are provided at the Remote connector. WARNING : Dangerous live potentials are present at the Remote Shutter Power connector. To [...]

Chapter 2 Getting Started 17 Power Input Module: This assembly, located at the lowe r right of the controller back panel, has three functions: • Connecting the AC power; • Selecting the line voltage, and • Protective Fusing. Controller Modules: There are three controller board slots. Two are occupied by the plug-in cards that provide various [...]

18 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Note: There is provision in the hardware for reading out the array temperature at the computer. This temperature feedback display is very convenient for monitoring the temperature control status as it progresses towards temperature lock. To determ ine when lock occurs, however, use the Temperature Lock indica[...]

Chapter 2 Getting Started 19 for viewing on the video monitor with only a single-frame delay. An associated zoom function provides 1x, 2x, or 4x viewing. At 1x, the entire array image is displayed, but at reduced resolution (pixels are discarded and fine detail could be lost ). At 2x, the mapping is 1:1 and the image portion selected by the Pan fun[...]

20 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Note: There are three sync modes, Free Run , External Sync and Internal Sync selectable via software (WinView/32 Experiment Setup Timing tab page). Internal Sync mode operation, which does not require a connection to Ext Sync , is only available if a PTG Timing Generator is installed. If the timing generator [...]

Chapter 2 Getting Started 21 t exp t c Shutter t R NOTSCAN t c = Shutter Compensation Time t R = Readout Time t exp = Exposure Time Figure 5. NOTSCAN and SHUTTER Signals Note: In frame-transfer operation, where the exposure cycle and readout cycle overlap, the timing changes as discussed in Chapter 5 and the system would not ordinarily include an o[...]

22 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B F and S Zero adjustments: These 10-turn potentiometers control the offset values of the Fast (F) and Slow (S) A/D converters. The offset is a voltage that is added to the signal to bring the A/D output to a non-zero value, typically 50-100 counts. This offset valu e ensures that all the true variation in the [...]

Chapter 2 Getting Started 23 TTL IN/OUT connector: (TAXI and USB 2.0) This 25-pin connector (type DB25) provides a programmable interface. There are eight input bits and eight output bits that can be written to or polled to provide additional control or functionality. For the IN lines, a bit can be set to the buffered state, resulting in a real-tim[...]

24 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Aux. Trig. Out: Ac coupled variable delay trigger output for synchronizing other system components with PTG. The host software sets the Delay Time of the auxiliary trigger output with respect to the PTG trigger time. This output does not need to be connected to PI-MAX. Trig. Indicator: LED trigger indicator. [...]

Chapter 2 Getting Started 25 Summary This completes Getting Started . You should now have a r easonable understanding of how the controller hardware is used. Other topics, which could be quite important in certain situations, are discussed in the following ch apters. See the appropriate application software manual for information on using th e soft[...]

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27 Chapter 3 First Light Introduction Note: The instructions in this chapter ar e for an ST-133 operated with a TE-cooled camera. They do not apply to the PI-MAX or LN-cooled cameras. See the PI-MAX system manual for detailed information regarding that camera. In the case of an LN- cooled camera, Dewar and liquid nitrogen c onsiderations ma ke plac[...]

28 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Before You Start , if your system includes a microscope Xenon or Hg arc lamp, it is CRITICAL to turn off all electronics adjacent to the arc lamp, especially your digital camera system and your computer hardware (monitors included) before turning on the lamp power. Powering up a microscope Xenon or Hg arc lam[...]

Chapter 3 First Light 29 Getting Started 1. If the system cables haven’t as yet been in stalled, connect them as follows (system power off). See Figure 7. • Connect the 25-pin cable from the DETECTOR connector on the Analog/Control module panel to the mating connector at the cam era. Be sure to secure the cable at both ends. • Connect one end[...]

30 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B 2. With USB 2.0, the controller must be turned on before WinView/32 or WinSpec/32 is opened and WinView/32 or WinSpec/32 must be closed before the controller is turned off. 6. Turn on the computer power. 7. Start the application software. Note: If using software other than WinView/32 or WinSpec/32, these inst[...]

Chapter 3 First Light 31 Cleans and Skips tab page (Setup|Hardware): Default Experiment Setup Main tab page (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…): • Exposure Time: 100 ms • Accumulations & Number of Images: 1 Experiment Setup ROI tab page (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…): Use this function to define the region of interest (ROI). • Imaging Mo[...]

32 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B 3. After you have focused the camera, you can stop Focus mode, continue Focus mode, begin Acquire mode, or wait for the CCD to reach the operating temperature before going to Acquire mode. 4. If the array is cooled by LN, empty the De war before turning off the controller. If a coolant circulator or a chiller[...]

Chapter 3 First Light 33 Assumptions The following procedure assumes that 1. You have already set up your system in accordance with the in structions in the system manual. 2. You have read the previous sections of this chapter. 3. You are familiar with the application software. 4. The system is air-cooled. (If your camera is liquid-assisted TE-cool[...]

34 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B -5°C, unless it is a model having forced air cooling, in which case temperature lock down to -40°C (-90°C for the XTE) can be achieved. 4. Turn on the controller power. Notes: 1. A camera overload alarm m ay sound briefly a nd then stop. This is normal and is not a cause for concern. However, if the alarm [...]

Chapter 3 First Light 35 Detector Temperature (Setup|Detector Temperature…): -40°C for air-cooled. When the array temperature reaches the set temperature, the green Temp Lock LED on the rear of the ST-133 will light and there will be a locked indication at the computer monitor. Note that som e overshoot may occur. This could cause temperature lo[...]

36 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Hint: Overhead fluorescent lights produce a mercury spectrum. Use a white card tilted at 45 degrees in front of the entrance slit to reflect overhead light into the spectrograph. Select 435.833 as the spectral line. 3. Set the slit to 25 µm. If necessary, adjust the Exposure Time to maintain optimum (near fu[...]

37 Chapter 4 Temperature Control Introduction Temperature control is done via software. On ce the desired array temperature has been set, the hardware controls the thermoelectric c ooling circuits in the camera so as to reduce the array temperature to the set value. On reaching that temperature, the control loop locks to the set temperature for sta[...]

38 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Cooling (TE, NTE, NTE 2, RTE, XTE, PI-MAX) These cameras are ordinarily equipped with a multi-stage Peltier type cooler that is thermally coupled to the CCD. This device uses injected current to draw heat away from the CCD surface. The heat is sequentially transferred through the Peltier stages and from there[...]

Chapter 4 Temperature Control 39 Cooling and Vacuum Many cameras incorporate a vacuum chamber for enhanced cooling performance. With time, there can be a gradual deterioration of the camera’s vacuum. This is turn m ay eventually affect temperature performance to where it may no longer be possible to achieve temperature lock at the lowest temp era[...]

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41 Chapter 5 Timing Modes Introduction Mode Shutter Free Run Normal External Sync Normal External Sync PreOpen External Sync with Continuous Cleans Normal External Sync with Continuous Cleans PreOpen The Princeton Instruments ST-133 Controller has been designed to allow the greatest possible flexibility when synchronizing data collection with an ex[...]

42 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B frame is completely processed and displaye d, another Start Acquisition comma nd is sent from the computer to the camera, allowing it to take the next fram e. Display is therefore, at most, only one frame behind the actual data collection. One disadvantage of the Safe mode is that events may be missed during [...]

Chapter 5 Timing Modes 43 Backg round or flatfield on? Computer programs camera with e xposure and binning parameters Start acquisition command sent from computer to camera Cleans perf ormed 1 frame collected as per timing mode Backg round and/or flatfield correction perf ormed F rame displa yed F rames complete? Stop Ye s Ye s No No Star t Compute[...]

44 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Free Run timing In the Free Run mode the controller does not synchronize with the experiment in any way. The shutter opens as soon as the previous readout is complete, and remains open for the exposure time, t exp . Any External Sync signals are ignored. This mode is useful for experiments with a constant lig[...]

Chapter 5 Timing Modes 45 In the PreOpen Shutter mode, on the other hand, shutter operation is only partially synchronized to the experiment. As soon as th e controller is ready to collect data, the shutter opens. Upon arrival of the first Exte rnal Sync pulse at the ST-133, the shutter remains open for the specified exposure period, closes, and th[...]

46 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Shutter (Normal) Open Close Open Close Open Close Read Read Read Shutter (Preopen) Open Close Open Close Open Close External Sync (negative polarity shown) First wait and exposure Data stored Second wait and exposure Third wait and exposure Data stored Data stored t exp t c t R t w1 NOTSCAN Figure 13. Timing [...]

Chapter 5 Timing Modes 47 completed, to prevent the CCD from getting " out of step." As expected, the response latency is on the order of one vertical shift time, from 1-30 µ sec depending on the array. This latency does not prevent the incoming signal from being detected, since photo generated electrons are still collected over the enti[...]

48 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B In Free Run frame-transfer mode operation, half the array is exposed for the set exposure time (t exp ). Then the data transfer to the storage half of the array takes place, marking the start of the read and the beginning of a new exposure. In External Sync frame-transfer mode ope ration, the cam era reads ou[...]

Chapter 5 Timing Modes 49 NOTSCAN Shutter External Sync (negative polarity shown) t exp t w1 t R t c cleans acquisition t R t R t R t R actual exposure time Figure 17. Frame Transfer where t w1 + t exp + t c > t R External Sync (negative polarity shown) NOTSCAN Shutter t w1 t c t exp cleans acquisition t R t R t R t R actual exposure time Figure[...]

50 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B 12 4 A2 A1 B2 B1 C2 C1 D2 D1 A2 A1 B2 B1 C2 C1 D2 D1 3 56 A2 A1 B2 B1 C2 C1 D2 D1 A4 A3 B4 B3 C4 C3 D4 D3 A6 A5 B6 B5 C6 C5 D6 D5 A2 A1 B2 B1 C2 C1 D2 D1 A4 A3 B4 B3 C4 C3 D4 D3 A6 A5 B6 B5 D6 C5 D6 D5 A2 A1 B2 B1 C2 C1 D2 D1 A4 A3 B4 B3 C4 C3 D4 D3 A4 A3 B4 B3 C4 C3 D4 D3 A2 A1 B2 B1 C2 C1 D2 D1 Expose Shift[...]

Chapter 5 Timing Modes 51 Free Run In the Free Run Kinetics mode, the controller takes a series of images, each with the Exposure time set through the software (in Wi nView32, the exposure time is set on the Experiment Setup|Main tab page). The time between image frames, which m ay be as short as a few microseconds, is limited by the time required [...]

52 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Multiple Trigger Multiple Trigger Kinetics mode takes a single image in the series for each External Sync pulse received by the controller. Once the ser ies is complete the shutter closes and readout begins. Since the shutter is open during the entire series of images, if the External Sync pulses are irregula[...]

53 Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout Before each image from the CCD array appear s on the computer screen, it must first be read, digitized, and transferred to the computer. Figure 25 is a block diagram of the image-signal path. CCD Preamp Cable driv er Incoming photons Up/down integr ator F ast A/D Displa y ST -133A Controller Computer Slow A/D Stora[...]

54 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B levels, magnetic fields and RF radiation. They are easily cooled and can be precisely thermostated to within a few tens of millidegrees. Because CCD arrays, like film and other media, are always sensitive to light, light must not be allowed to fall on the array during readout. Unintensified full-frame CCD cam[...]

Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 55 accuracy. Intensifier gain is varied by adjus ting the voltage across the MCP or the voltage across the MCP output and the phosphor. This second parameter is a factory adjustment, as it affects both the gain and the resolution of the intensifier. Detection of extremely weak Continuous Wave (CW) signals, e.g., lumin[...]

56 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Dark Charge Dark charge or dark current is the therma lly induced buildup of charge in the CCD over time. The statistical noise associated with this charge is known as dark noise,. Dark charge values vary widely from one CCD array to another and are exponentially temperature dependent. At the typical operatin[...]

Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 57 Analog Gain Control Analog gain control is used to change the number of electrons required to generate an Analog-to-Digital Unit (ADU, also known as a count). In WinView/32, the analog gain choices are Low , Medium , and High . Users who measure high-level signals ma y wish to select Low to allow digitization of la[...]

58 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Readout of the Array In this section, a simple 6 × 4 pixel CCD is used to demons trate how charge is shifted and digitized. As described below, two different types of readout are available. Full frame readout, for full frame CCDs, reads out the entire CCD surface at the same time. Fram e transfer operation a[...]

Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 59 The time needed to take a full frame at full resolution is: t R + t exp + t c (1) where t R is the CCD readout time, t exp is the exposure time, and t c is the shutter compensation time. The readout time is approximately given by: t R = [N x · N y · (t sr + t v )] + (N x · t i ) (2) where N x is the smaller dime[...]

60 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B photon shot noise limited, the S/N ratio im proveme nt is roughly proportional to the square-root of the number of pixels binned. Figure 29 shows an example of 2 × 2 binning. Each pixel of the image displayed by the software represents 4 pixels of the CCD array. Rectangular bins of any size are possible. Bin[...]

Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 61 Binning in Software One limitation of hardware binning is that the shift register pixels and the output node are typically only 2-3 times the size of imaging pixels as shown in Table 5. Consequently, if the total charge binned together exceeds the cap acity of the shift register or output node, the data will be los[...]

62 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B 5 4 12 Charge accumulates in unmasked cells during exposure . Accumulated charge in exposed cells is quic kly transf erred under mask. Shifting continues until all masked data has been shifted into serial register and from there to the Output Node. A2 A1 B2 B1 C2 C1 D2 D1 A3 B3 C3 D3 Charges in serial registe[...]

63 Appendix A Specifications CCD Arrays Spectral Range 400-1080 nm; 190-1080 nm with UV-to-visible coating on the CCD Types The ST-133 can be operated with many different Princeton Instruments cameras, each of which is available with a variety of different CCD chips as specified at the time of order. Contact the factory for up-to-date informa tion [...]

64 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Outputs Note: See Appendix B, PTG Module , for information about the PTG connectors. VIDEO: 1 V pk-pk from 75 Ω , BNC connector. Either RS-170 (EIA) or CCIR standard video as specified when system was ordered. Requires connection via 75 Ω cable that must be terminated into 75 Ω . : TTL output (BNC) for [...]

Appendix A Specifications 65 Shutter Compensation Time The following numbers apply for a 1 MHz ST-133. Shutter Exposure Vincent (small) 8.0 m sec Prontor 40 (large) 28.0 msec Prontor 23 (external) 8.0 msec Intensified (electroni c) 6.0 msec NONE 200 nsec Computer Requirements Depending on the communication protocol (T AXI or USB 2.0) the ST-133 is [...]

66 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Miscellaneous Dimensions: See Appendix E. Controller Weight: 5.45 kg. Power Requirements: Nominally 100, 120, 220 or 240 V AC, 47-63 Hz, 300 watts; required DC voltages are generated in the controller. Power to camera is applied via controller cable. Environmental Requirements: Storage temperature: -20 ° C t[...]

67 Appendix B PTG Module Description The Princeton Instruments Programmable Tim ing Generator (PTG) is a plug-in module designed for operation in the ST-133 Controller. Incorporating the Timing Generator into the Controller in this manner allows pulsed operation of the PI-MAX camera in pulsed measurements without the inconvenience and expense of a [...]

68 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B If burst pulsing is turned On, the T0 Output is deasserted when the last pulse ensemble is completed. Auxiliary Trigger Output: BNC, AC-coupled pulse output. The auxiliary timer's output is available to the user through a rear panel BNC for triggering other system components. The host software sets the D[...]

Appendix B PTG Module 69 External: Each trigger applied to Ext. Trig. In BNC initiates a pulse ensemble that is applied to PI-MAX. Readout Cycle: Readout cycle is triggered through the ST-133 backplane if Int. Sync. is selected on Experiment Setup Timing tab page. Enabling: Handshakes that prevent a readout from occurring while the PTG is busy and [...]

70 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Operation Introduction Operation of the PTG module is quite simple. Most of the functions are performed automatically through the backplane and the parameters are set via the Pulser Setup screens of the host software (WinView/32 or WinSpec/32, version 2.4 and higher). Operated in the External Trigger mode, a [...]

Appendix B PTG Module 71 Internal Synchronization It is necessary to initiate a readout after each exposure. In a system having a PTG, this is accomplished automatically by operating the PTG in the Internal Sync mode. This mode is established by making the following Experiment Setup selections: 1. Experiment Setup Main tab page: Set the Exposure Ti[...]

72 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B 3. On the Setup menu select Pulsers to open the Pulsers dialog box. 4. Select PTG . Then click on the Setup Pulser button. The PTG dialog box (Figure 36) will open. If PTG is grayed out on the Pulsers dialog box, PTG support has not been installed. Figure 35. Pulsers Dialog Box Figure 36. PTG Dialog Box Trigg[...]

Appendix B PTG Module 73 • Swept Gate: In this type of experiment, Gate Width, Gate Delay, or both ma y be varied. Repetitive-Sequential 1 : The Trigger is repetitive, Gate Width is fixed, and Delay is varied over the course of the measurement. The result of the experim ent is a plot of intensity vs. time, such as might be obtained with a samplin[...]

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75 Appendix C TTL Control TTL In/Out control is not currently supported under USB 2.0. Introduction This connector provides 8 TTL lines in, 8 TTL lines out and an input control line. Figure 38 illustrates the connector and lists the signal/pin assignments. Princeton Instrument’s WinView/32 and WinSpec/32 software packages incorporate WinX32 Autom[...]

76 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Decimal Equiv. TTL IN/OUT 8 1= dec 128 TTL IN/OUT 7 1=dec 64 TTL IN/OUT 6 1=dec 32 TTL IN/OUT 5 1=dec 16 TTL IN/OUT 4 1=dec 8 TTL IN/OUT 3 1=dec 4 TTL IN/OUT 2 1=dec 2 TTL IN/OUT 1 1=dec 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 1[...]

Appendix C TTL Control 77 Pin # Assignment Pin # Assignment 1 IN 1 14 IN 2 2 IN 3 15 IN 4 3 IN 5 16 IN 6 4 IN 7 17 IN 8 5 GND 18 GND 6 EN/CLK 19 Reserved 7 (future use) 20 GND 8 GND 21 OUT 2 9 OUT 1 22 OUT 4 10 OUT 3 23 OUT 6 11 OUT 5 24 OUT 8 12 OUT 7 25 GND 13 Reserved Table 7. TTL In/Out Connector Pinout Figure 38. TTL In/Out Connector TTL Diagn[...]

78 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B • 25-pin female type D-subminiature solder type connector (Radio Shack ® part no. 276-1548B). • RG/58U coaxial cable. • Shielded Metalized hood (Radio Shack part no. 276-1536A). • BNC connector(s) type UG-88 Male BNC c onnector (Radio Shack part no. 278-103). Example Suppose you needed to build a cab[...]

79 Appendix D Cleaning and Maintenance Turn off all power to the equipment and secu re all covers before cleaning the units. Otherwise, damage to the equipment or injury to yourself could occur. Cleaning Controller and Camera Although there is no periodic maintenance that must be performed on the ST-133 Controller or on the Camera, users are advise[...]

80 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Chan gin g the S T-133 L ine V oltag e and Fuses The appropriate voltag e setting for y our country is set at the factory and can be seen on the back of the power m odule. I f your v oltage source chang es, you w ill need to change the voltag e setting and y ou m ay need to chang e the fuse configuration. Use[...]

81 Appendix E Outline Drawings of ST-133 Controller Note: Dimensions are in inches and mm. 5.25 (13.34) 13.63 (34.62) 8.75 (22.23) Figure 41. ST-133A Controller Dimensi ons Figure 42. ST-133B Controller Dimensi ons[...]

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83 Appendix F Plug-In Modules Introduction The ST-133 Controller has three plug-in slots. The Analog/Control module (leftmost slot when the controller is viewed from the rear) and the Interface Control module (either a TAXI or a USB 2.0 compatible module in the middle slot) are always provided. The third slot is covered with a blank panel unless a [...]

84 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B W asher Screw Side of ST -133 Figure 43. Module Installati on To Install a Module: Installing a module is a bit more complex becau se you first have to be sure the locking screws are aligned correctly. The following procedure is suggested. 1. Verify that the Controller has been turned OFF. 2. Remove the repla[...]

85 Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras Introduction This appendix discusses the operation and theory of a Princeton Instruments camera with an interline CCD. Operationally, a camera w ith a conventional CCD and one having an interline CCD are quite similar, the principal difference being that a shutter would ordinarily not be required if the camera ha[...]

86 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B each cell of the array is transferred out of the CCD array, amplified, and sent to the controller as an analog signal, where it is dig itized prior to transfer to the computer. . Note that mechanical shuttering is not requi red in either m ode, although it is available as an option. Mechanical shuttering allo[...]

Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras 87 being acquired. This pattern continues for th e duration of the experiment so that, during each frame, the data acquired during the previous frame is read out. NOTSCAN Shutter External Sync (negative polarity shown) t exp t w1 50ns min.pulse between frames t R t R t R t R actual exposure time cleans acquisition F[...]

88 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B External Sync (negative polarity shown) NOTSCAN Shutter t w1 t c t exp cleans acquisition t R t R t R t R actual exposure time Figure 46. Overlapped Mode where Pulse arrives aft er Readout Exposure CCD arrays perform three essential functions: photons are transduced to electrons, integrated and stored, and fi[...]

Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras 89 NOTSCAN Mechanical Shutter Acquire Readout Closed Open Exposure time Shutter compensation t exp t c Figure 47. Non-Overlapped Mode Expos ure of the CCD with Shutter Co m pensation NOTSCAN is low during readout, high during exposure, and high during shutter compensation time. Since most shutters behave like an iri[...]

90 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Part 2 of Figure 48 shows the situation early in the readout. The charge in the imaging cells has been transferred to the adjacent storage cells and downshifting to the readout register has started. Note that a new exposure begins immediately. Part 3 of Figure 48 shows the transfer to th e readout register co[...]

Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras 91 because no charge has been transferred to them. The arrows between adjacent imaging and storage cells indicate the direction the charge will be shifted when the transfer occurs. Part 2 of Figure 49 shows the situation early in the readout cycle. The charge in the imaging cells has been transferred to the adjacent[...]

92 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Image readout with binning Binning is the process of adding the data from adjacent cells together. It can be accomplished in either hardware or software. Rectangular groups of cells of any size may be binned together, subject to some hardware and software limitations. Hardware binning is performed before the [...]

93 Appendix H DIF Camera (Double Image Feature) Introduction This Appendix describes operation of a DIF system. Both the Controller and a Interline camera must have factory modifications inst alled for DIF operation. In addition to the internal changes and installation of a back panel switch, a camera modified for DIF operation would ordinarily inc[...]

94 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B When the data is saved, both images are saved in a single *.spe file. The header is followed by frame 1 and then immediately afterwards by frame 2. This system makes it convenient to later load the images from the file for post processing analysis. Notes: 1. For most of the MicroMAX DIF cameras, the ESABI tim[...]

Appendix H DIF Camera 95 EXPOSURE 400 ns READY Figure 51. Freerun Mode Timing Example: Figure 52 shows an experiment where the rising edge of the signal is used to trigger a DG535 Delay Generator, which provides the required delay and triggers a laser source, Q switch, or other device. Computer DG535 Camera Head Controller Q Switch READY Figure 52.[...]

96 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Summary of Free Run Timing mode • Allows user to capture single images. • Requires that the switch, if present on the back of the camera, be set to INACTIVE . • Uses Exposure Time set via software Experiment Setup. • Exposure time range is 1 µs < Exp. Time < 14.3 m inutes • Exposure does not [...]

Appendix H DIF Camera 97 Images 5 µ s Mechanical Shutter 8 ms 8 ms EXT . SYNC. 200 ns NOTSCAN 5 µ s Image1 Image 2 ~200 ns Laser Output >200 ns Laser 1 Laser 2 READY Figure 54. Timing Diagram for Typical IEC Measurement Figure 55 illustrates the interconnections that might be used for such an experiment with two lasers. Figure 56 shows the tim[...]

98 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Images EXT . SYNC. Mechanical Shutter 8 ms 8 ms NOTSCAN Laser Output Image 1 Image 2 5 µ s 5 µ s Laser 1 Laser 2 >200 ns 200 ns READY Figure 56. Timing Diagram for IEC Experiment with Two Lasers Example 2: As shown in Figure 57, the signal from the controller can be used to trigger the controller by conn[...]

Appendix H DIF Camera 99 EEC (External Exposure Control) Gives the user the ability to capture two imag es before readout with a different exposure time for each. EEC uses the external trigger to control the exposure time of the first image and the exposure time set in software to control the exposure time of the second image. When the external tri[...]

100 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B ESABI (Electronic Shutter Active Between Images) The last timing mode, ESABI, allows separation time between the two im ages. This mode gives the user the ability to capture two images and use the interline chip’s electronic shutter feature between images so that no signal is integrated in the time between[...]

Appendix H DIF Camera 101 Tips and Tricks Lab Illumination In DIF measurements, it is necessary to remain m indful of the possibility of laboratory light affecting the images. Because the first im age can be tim ed with precision, laboratory light that reaches the camera would generally not be a problem in the first image, particularly if the captu[...]

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103 Appendix I Installing the Computer-Controller Interface Introduction This appendix will lead you through the process of installing the communications interface between the ST-133 and the host com puter. Following these steps explicitly will help insure proper connection to your computer. Note: If the computer is purchased from Roper Scientific,[...]

104 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Setting up a PCI Interface Introduction A PCI card must be installed in the host computer if the comm unication between computer and controller uses the TAXI protocol (i.e., the Interface Control Module installed in the ST-133 has a 9-pin SERIAL COM connector as shown in the fi g ur e at r ig h t) . With TAX[...]

Appendix I Installing the Computer Interface 105 1. After you have secured the PCI card in the computer and replaced the cover, turn the computer on. 2. At bootup, Windows will try to install the new hardware. If it cannot locate the driver, you will be prompted to enter the directory path, either by keyboard entry or by using the browse function. [...]

106 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B alternative I/O addresses and interrupt levels so that conflicts can be resolved. Software is available to help identify specific conflicts. The following example may serve to illustrate the problem. Suppose you had a system with an ISA network card, a PCI video card and an ISA sound card. Further suppose th[...]

Appendix I Installing the Computer Interface 107 interrupt assignments for each PCI device in the computer. One such program available from Roper Scientific's Technical Support department is called PCICHECK. When the program is run, it reports the address and interrupt assignments for the first PCI device it finds. Each time the spacebar is pr[...]

108 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Setting up a USB 2.0 Interface Introduction Administrator privileges are required under Windows ® 2000 and Windows ® XP to install software and hardware. Your system has been configured to use the USB communication protocol if the Interface Control Module installed in the ST-133 has a USB 2.0 connector as [...]

Appendix I Installing the Computer Interface 109 If you selected AUTO PCI during the application software installation, WinView/WinSpec automatically put the required INF, DLL, and USB driver file in the "Windows" directories shown below. Refer to Table 11 below for the appropriate file names and locations. Windows Version USB INF Filenam[...]

110 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B connector on the TAXI Interface Control Module panel. Take care to tighten the screws at both ends of the cable using a small, flat-bladed screwdriver. Figure 61. ISA Board Switch and Jumper Settings Figure 62. Computer Expansion Sl ots for installing an ISA Buffer Card Power-On Checks Replace the cover of t[...]

111 Warranty & Service Limited Warranty: Roper Scientific Analytical Instrumentation Roper Scientific, Inc. ("Roper Scientific," us," "we," "our") makes the following limited warranties. These limited warranties extend to the original purchaser ("You", "you") only and no other purchaser or [...]

112 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 24 Month Warranty Roper Scientific warrants the sealed chamber in tegrity of all our products for a period of twenty-four (24) months after shipment. If, at anytime within twenty-four (24) months from the date of delivery, the detector should experience a sealed chamber failu[...]

Warranty & Serv ice 11 3 Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting You should read the owner’s manual thoroug hl y before operating this product. I n the unlikely event that y ou should encounter di fficulty operating this product, the owner’s manual should be consulted before contacting the Roper Scientific technical support staff or authori[...]

114 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B 10. All warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, including the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are expressly limited to the duration of the limited warranties set forth above. With the exception of any warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, as h[...]

115 Index # connector 20 64-pin DIN connector 84 A-B A/D converters 62 , 6 4 zero adjustments 2 2 Accessories, alignment of 36 Actual exposure time 47, 86 Analog gain control 57 Analog/Control m odule 17 AUX BNC connector 23 Aux Trig Out 24 Auxiliary Trigger ou tput 68 Background DC level 56 Background subtraction 44 Back-plane 17 Baseline signal 5[...]

116 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B DIF camera (cont.) Tips and Tricks 101 Digitizat ion 62 DMA buffer size 30, 34 Dual A/D converters 62 Dual Image Feature (DIF) camera see DIF camera 93 Dynamic range 55 E EBI 55 EEC timi ng mode 99 EIA 18 EMF spike 28 ENABLE Input (pulser) 21 Enabling 69 Environmenta l requireme nts 12 Equivalent Brightness [...]

Index 117 theory and function 54 Interface card dr i ver i nst all at i o n 103 PCI High Speed PCI 104 PCI(Timer) 104 Interface Control module 17, 22 Interline CCD camera 85 sensors 86 smearing 89 Internal Sync operati on 47 Internal Synchronizat ion 71 Interrupt conflic ts 105 ISA serial interface card 109 I/O address, DMA channel, and inte rrupt [...]

118 ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Internal Trigger 69 module 23 Pre Trig In 23 Sel Trig Out 23 software control 71 specifications 67 timing 69 Timing Gen 23 Timing Gen interface 68 Trig Indicator 24 triggering 69 R Readout binning 59, 92 hardware 59, 92 frame transfer 61 subsection of array 59, 92 time 42 Readout rate control of 62 precision[...]

Index 119 W-Z Warnings camera-controller cable 22 cleaning 79 condensation damage t o CCD arrays 39 damage from input light overload 27 fuse type 13 ice damage aft er rem oving front window 38 module installation/removal under p ower 83 module securing screws 17 opening the ST-133 power modul e 80 operating unevacuated detector 38 overtightening th[...]

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