Sony LCSSA manual

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players Technical Background Version 3.0; June 2, 2003[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0 Page 2 Introduction In 2002, the Sony DVP-NS999ES DVD player established an entirely new Reference Standard for the category. It introduced new advancements in video D/A conversion, new benchmarks in t he coordination of audio and video signals and new refinements in the purity and integr ity of the[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0 Page 3 Video Performance Precision Cinema Progressive™ circuitry (all models) The purpose of today's high-end home theater systems is to recreate the look and sound of the movie theater. This includes t he vivid detail and seamless coherence of the film frame. A crucial technology for achievi[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0 Page 4 The mathematical algorithms of Sony's Pixel-by-Pixel Active I/P conversion have been commit ted to silicon in this Large Scale Integrated circuit (LSI), the Sony CXD9698R. Sony solves the problem with Pixel- by-Pixel Active I/P conversion that includes built-in motion det ection. This en[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0 Page 5 system instantly recognizes the c haracteristics and film and video and automatically applies the corre ct processing for each. • Film and interlaced video-originated material in the same scene. The Sony system performs beautifully even when film and video appear on-screen at the same time,[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0 Page 6 scanning lines. Unfortunately, this can result in motion blur. Horizontal lines in the scene can flicker on and off. Other areas can suffer from an unnatural shimmer. For this reason, any high- end progressive scanning system must solve the problem of motion artifact s for footage shot on vid[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0 Page 7 The typical video frame inclu des pixe ls from on-screen objects that can are still, moving and moving slowly. Sony Pixel-by-Pix el Active I/P conversion applies separate processing for each. Time sequence Scanning lines ODD current EVEN future EVEN Past 1 ODD Past 2 EVEN Past 3 Still pixels [...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0 Page 8 Time sequence Scanning lines ODD current EVEN future EVEN Past 1 ODD Past 2 EVEN Past 3 Moving pixels are created by compos ing a djacent pixels in the same field. This minimizes motion b lur. Pixels for moving objects are created by composing pixels from scanning lines immediately above and [...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0 Page 9 Sony's Pixel-by-Pixel I/P conversion overcomes this problem by employing a third mode conversion mode, specifically for slow motion. Slow-moving pixels are composed via a sophisticated hybrid al gorithm from seven pixels on adjacent lines and fields, to reduce motion artifa cts and annoy[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 10 there's a big difference in contrast between the areas they separate. Rooflines, car hoods, venetian blinds and other lines in the scene can appear with unwanted stair steps not in the original program. Sony's Vertical Edge Compensation controls this artifact. Sony's Vertical[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 11 The 14-bit video D/A converter also includ es the video encoder and processing for Macrovision™ Copy Protecti on. Sony applies the extended binary word length both to DVD's luminance (Y) black-and-white channel and to DVD's two color difference channels (P B and P R ). So you ge[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 12 MHz). This means that DVD samp les the video luminance channel at 13,500,000 Hz (13.5 MHz), as part of t he DVD-Video format specification. Channel Bandwidth Sampling Frequency CD Audio 20,000 Hz 44,100 Hz DVD-Video 6,750,000 Hz 13,500,000 Hz Digital recording systems sample the analog i np[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 13 For progressive scanning, running the D/A converter at the mini mum frequency of 27 MHz makes it extremely c hallenging to design the analog low-pass filter. T he filter (red curve) must be steep to avoid cutting into the video signal (blue) or in cluding some of the noise ( pink). The solu[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 14 Oversampling at the 216 MHz fr equency of the DVP-NC555ES and DVP-CX777ES is even more dra matic The DVP-NC555ES and DVP-CX777ES go further still, all the way to an amazing 216 MHz oversampling. This corresponds to 8x oversampling for progressive scan, 16x for interlaced playback. It's[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 15 Noise Shaped Video and th e higher 108 MHz and 21 6 MHz sampling frequencies work together to cut video noise for improve d transparency and clarity. Super Sub Alias Filter™ circuitry (all models) The benefit of the 108 MHz and 216 MHz sampling rates is delivered by the Super Sub Alias Fi[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 16 "Below Black" rep roduction (all models) The DVD format dictates specific quantization for specific brightness levels. For example, full black corre sponds to a quantization of 16 while full white corresponds to 235. However, direct-view CRTs, plasma panels, CRT projectors and LCD[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 17 settings to memory. The DVP-NS999ES has memory for 300 discs. As a 400- disc changer, the DVP-CX777ES has memo ry for all 400 discs. And the DVP- NS555ES has memory for 30 discs. Separate analog vid eo circuit board with separate power supply (DVP-NS999ES) The digital and control circuits o[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 18 High speed video buffer ampl ifiers (DVP-NS999ES) While Sony can control the video si gnal inside the DVP-NS999ES, there's one aspect we can't control: the cables that convey the signal to your television. In particular, the long cable runs found in many home theater installations[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 19 from the start. You get reliable operation without performance-robbing output capacitors. Carefully selected parts (DVP-NS999ES) More than a labor of technolog y, the DVP-NS999ES represents the enthusiasm that Sony engine ers share with high-end videophi les. That's why the player inco[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 20 Audio Performance In addition to DVD-Video and Compact Discs, all of these models also bring home sumptuous high-resolution aud io, playing back both stereo and multi- channel Super Audio CDs. You'll hear the i nner detail of choral ensembles. The reverberation trailing from a guitar c[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 21 Multi-channel DSD decodi ng is handled by a Sony Large-S cale Integrated circuit (LSI), the CXD2753R. It's another of many exclusive Sony LSIs in the ES Series DVD players. Multi-Channel Management (all models) Home theater speaker configurat ions vary considerably. Some enthusiasts ha[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 22 would make it difficult to place all five speakers at equal distance from the listening position. Mastering for Super Audio CD mult i-c hannel sound assume s that speakers will be placed accor ding to the international ITU-R standard (left). Unfortunately, most practica l listening rooms do[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 23 Sony's powerful CXD9722 han dles both Speaker Time Alignment and A/V alignment. Incidentally, this adjustment is not duplicated on most A/V receivers. Some receivers can adjust for speaker di stance on the multi-channel signals that are decoded in the receiver itself. But most receiver[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 24 both on the left. One of t he input terminals is selected, and the signal enters and is sent to a 16 Megabit S-DRAM memory. The signal plays out of memory at a fixed time delay that is determined by the user. Both data writing points and data reading points are controlled within the IC usin[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 25 board. This suppresses noise caused by fluctuations in the power supply and other externally-induced voltages. On the DVP-NS999ES, the Sony CXD9675R (left) is a hig h performance audio D/A converter for 5.1-channel output. A separate D/A converter, the Sony CXD9674T N (right) serves two-cha[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 26 Audio Shield Plate (DVP-NS999ES) The DVP-NS999ES prevents even minute interference between the analog video and analog audio circuit boards. The boards are separated by a substantial shield plate that includes a copper sheet to block radiation. This substantial, copper-lined shield plate pr[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 27 Sony's choice of a grounded AC input assur es a more stable electrical and mechanical connection. Gold-plated output jacks (all models) To maximize electrical conductivity and minimize the effects of oxidation over time, the audio, composite video, S-Video and component video output ja[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 28 without the voids or gaps that permit vibrati on. This results in far less radiation, far less hum. All ES Series DVD players use an R-Core transfor mer. The transformer pictured here powers the audio circ uits of the DVP-NS999E S. The round core with cylindrical cross section e nables far [...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 29 Construction Quality Anti-resonant chassis design (all models) Vibration is the enemy of CD, DVD and Super Audio CD players for two powerful reasons. First, vibration in t he disc or optical pickup triggers unwanted operation in the tracking servos. This can radiate spurious noise throughou[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 30 A generous application of anti -resonant damping materials to the top and sides of the DVP-CX777ES case. Frame and Beam chassis (DVP-NS999ES) Sony's Frame and Beam (FB) chassi s uses a thick, high-strength frame which gains additional rigidity from two metal beams that cross the top of[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 31 to perimeter, this tends to vary the resonant frequen cy within the foot—diffusing one potential path for vibration. To furt her deaden vibration, t he feet of the DVP- NS999ES use non-rebound rubber on the bottom. Locating the insulator feet screw hol es off center means a constantly var[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 32 generation of this ground-break ing design. In Sony's mechanism, the spindle, motor and optical pickup base unit are rigidly bolted to a sub-chassis, to reduce any possibility of resonance. When you load a disc into the DVP-NS999ES, the disc not only moves laterally into the play er, i[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 33 addressed this by creating a hermetic shutter. It forms an airti ght seal to protect the disc and pickup from air-borne vibrat ion. Even when the speakers in your room are going full blast, the di sc rotates in peace and quiet. To seal off the mechanism from air- borne vibration, the inner [...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 34 Sony's Bulk Molding Compou nd (BMC) is remarkably anti-reson ant. And the honeycomb structure of Sony's mec hanical deck floor is extensively cross-braced, reduci ng reson ance further still! Precision Drive™ 2 sy stem (all models) The disc condition can have a major e ffect on [...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 35 Sony's Precision Drive 2 mec hanism, including the optica l block (upper left) and disc spindle (lower right). Responsive and accurate servo DSP (all models) The Precision Drive 2 system of the DVP-NS999ES operates under the control of a fast servo DSP, the Sony CXD9703. It operates at[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 36 back to analog using delta sigma modulat ion at 25 MHz. The D/A converter exhibits superb linearity, equivalent to 10- bit precision. So you get remarkably accurate tracking on DVD, S uper Audio CD and CD alike. The Sony CXD9703 Servo DSP incorp orates an on-board D elta Sigma A/D and D/A c[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 37 Convenience Disc Explorer® syst em (DVP-CX777ES) With 400 discs of entertainment at your beck and call, the DVP-CX777ES promises that you'll never need to rummage through your shelves or fumble with jewel boxes, searching for the movies and music you want. But delivering on this promi[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 38 DVD-R/RW DVD+R/RW playback (all models) In the beginning, the only source of DVD entertainment was packaged media. But that's rapidly changing wit h DVD burners like those in many Sony VAIO® PCS, home DVD recorders lik e Sony's RDR-GX7 and DVD camcorders like Sony's DCR-DVD1[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 39 Silver Cascade Design (DVP-NC555ES) In addition to its remarkable techno logy, the DVP-NC555ES inaugurates a new faceplate design exclusive to the Sony ES Series. The "cascade" design sets the primary front panel controls at an angle, so that you can operate the front panel withou[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 40 Environmentally frie ndly (DVP-NS999ES) To conserve energy, power consumpti on of the DVP-NS999ES is just 0.3 watts in the Standby mode, while operati on automatically shuts down 30 minutes after Stop. In addition, the printed ci rcuit boards are produced without the use of halogen. To cons[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 41 Additional features  Responsive front-panel controls. Front-panel buttons respond to the lightest finger contact.  LED/fluorescent display dimmer . To reduce the possibility of audio noise and to minimize visual distraction dur ing movie playback, the front panel fluorescent display a[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 42 At a Glance System DVP-NS999ES DVP-CX777ES DVP-NC555ES Number of Discs Single disc player 400-disc cha nger 5-disc changer DVD-Video, DVD-R/RW (Video Fo rmat), DVD-RW (VR Format), DV D+R/RW Yes Yes Yes CD Audio, CD-R/RW, CD MP3, Video CD Yes Yes Yes Super Audio CD (stereo a nd multi-channel[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 43 Construction DVP-NS999ES DVP-CX777ES DVP-NC555ES Aluminum front panel Yes Yes Yes Anti-resonant con struction Yes Yes Yes Frame and Beam (FB ) construction Yes - - Off center insulator feet Yes - Yes Advanced FX Mechanism Yes - - Fixed Base Unit Yes - - Hermetic shutter Yes - - BMC mechan i[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 44 Appendix A: Progressive, interlace and DVD. In video, what appears to be a continuously moving image is actually a series of discrete still pictures, called frames . On the typical direct-view television, each frame is created on the picture tube by an electron beam that moves from the left[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 45 or 480i (when discussing the line rate) or 60i (when discussing the picture rate). The 480i solution is a compromise that doubles the picture rate but halves the vertical resolution at any given instant. While it is a compromise, the 480i system is highly effective, an elegant engineer ing [...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 46 Theatrical release movies aren't the only programs that are originally captured at 24 frames per second on motion picture film. For example, music videos, TV commercials and primetime dramas are often shot on film or film-like 24-frame progressive video. In fact, indus try observers es[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 47 expect, DVD stores video footage in it s native 60i form. But you might be surprised to learn that most DVDs shot on film or 24P video store the images at the native rate of 24 frames per second! Like material shot on conventional, interlaced video, the typical DVD shot on film is encoded f[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 48 The 24P encoding of film-originated DVDs means that 3-2 pulldown must be performed in the DVD player before the picture can be displayed on a conventional television. The exact patte rn of 3-2 pulldown can have a subtle effect on the rendering of mo tion. So it's important that the DVD[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 49 At the top are the original film frames, show ing a car moving down the street. Next comes the original 3-2 pulldown. Simple frame memory I/P conversion results in a motion blur ever y time fields from different film frames are combined. (This occurs for tw o out of every five video frames?[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 50 Appendix B: The Super Audio CD Format Because there's so much m ore to hear.™ Super Audio CD is the most fundamental improvem ent in digital music reproduction since the CD itself. No su rprise. It comes fr om the people who invented the CD: Sony and Philips. Direct Stream Digital™[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 51 The DSD pulse train "looks" remark ably like the analog waveform it represents. More pulses point up as the wave goes positive and down as the wave goes negative. Multi-channel Super Audio CD Producers also have the option of cr eating multi-channel Super Audio CDs that can transp[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 52 Every multi-channel Super Audio CD incl udes a separate 2-channel stereo mix, done by the hand of the producer—not by a co mputer. Backward compatibility Every Super Audio CD player will play back the 13 billion audio Compact Discs worldwide. So the Super Audio CD format keeps the faith w[...]

ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Pl ayers; Version 3.0 Page 53 Sony Electronics Inc. 1 Sony Drive, Park Ridge NJ 07656 http://www.sony.com © 2003 Sony Electronics Inc. All rights reserved. Repro duction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. Features and specifi cat ions are subject to change without notice. Sony, Because there&[...]