TP-Link TL-SG3210 manual

TL-SG3210/TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 JetS tream L2 Managed Switch Rev: 1.1.0 1910010729[...]

COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS S pecifications ar e subject to change without notice. is a registered trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., L TD. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of t heir respective holders. No part of the specificatio ns ma y be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivati[...]

Safety Information  When product has power button, the power button is one of the way to shu t off the product; When there is no power button, the only way to co mpletely shut off power is to disconnect the product or the power adapter from the power source.  Don’t disassemble the product, or make repairs yourself. Y ou run the risk of elec[...]

CONTENTS Package Contents .......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 About this Gu ide........................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Intended Re aders ........................................[...]

4.4.2 SSL Conf ig ....................................................................................................... 23 4.4.3 SSH Conf ig ...................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 5 Switchin g ................................................................................[...]

7.1 STP Conf ig ................................................................................................................. 81 7.1.1 STP Conf ig....................................................................................................... 81 7.1.2 STP Sum mary ..........................................................................[...]

9.3.1 Global C onfig ................................................................................................. 125 9.3.2 Port C onfig ..................................................................................................... 125 9.3.3 OUI Conf ig ....................................................................................[...]

1 1.4.1 Global C onfig ................................................................................................. 166 1 1.4.2 Port C onfig ..................................................................................................... 168 1 1.4.3 Radius Se rver ...........................................................................[...]

VIII 14.2.3 Remote Log ................................................................................................... 206 14.2.4 Backup Log .................................................................................................... 207 14.3 Device Di agnose ..............................................................................[...]

Package Content s The following items should be found in your box:  One JetS tream L2 Managed Switch  One power cord  One console cable  Two mounting brackets and other fittings  Installation Guide  Resource CD for TL-SG3210/TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 switch, including:  This User Guide  Other Helpful Information Note: Make sure th[...]

Chapter 1 About this Guide This User Guide contains in formation for setup and management of TL-SG3210/TL-SG3216/ TL-SG3424 JetS tream L2 Managed Switch. Please read this guide carefully before operation. 1.1 Intended Readers This Guide is intended for network managers fam iliar with IT concepts and network terminologies. 1.2 Conventions In this Gu[...]

Chapter Introduction Chapter 4 System This module is used to c onfigure system properties of the switch. Here mainly introduces:  System Info: Configure the descr iption, system time and network parameters of the switch.  User Manage: Configure the us er name and password for users to log on to the Web management page with a certain access le[...]

Chapter Introduction Chapter 9 QoS This module is used to conf igure QoS function to provi de different quality of service for vari ous network applications and requirements. Here mainly introduces:  Diff Se rv: Co nfi gu re priorities, port priorit y , 802.1P priority and DSCP priority .  Bandwidth Control: Configure rate limit feature to co[...]

Chapter Introduction Chapter 14 Maintenance This m odule is used to assemble t he commonly us ed system tools to manage the switch. Here mainly introduces:  System Monitor: Monitor the me mory and CPU of the switch.  Log: View configuration pa rameters on the switch.  Device Diagnose: T est the c onnection status of the cable connected to [...]

Chapter 2 Introduction Thanks for choosing the TL-SG3210/TL-SG321 6/TL-SG3424 JetS tream L2 Managed Switch! 2.1 Overview of the Switch Designed for workgroups and departments, TL -SG3210/TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 from TP-LINK provides wire-speed perf ormance and full set of laye r 2 management feature s. It provides a variety of service features and mult[...]

2.3 Appearance Description 2.3.1 Front Panel Figure 2-1 Front Panel The following parts are lo cated on the front panel of the switch:  10/100/1000Mbps Port s: Designed to connect to the device with a bandwidth of 10Mbps, 100Mbps or 1000Mbp s. Each has a corresponding 1000Mbps LED.  SFP Port s: Designed to install the SFP module. TL-S G3216/T[...]

2.3.2 Rear Panel The rear panel of the switch features a power socket and a Grounding T erminal (marked with ). Figure 2-2 Rear Panel  Grounding T erminal: The switch already comes with Lightning Protection Mechanism. Y ou can also ground the switch through the PE (Protecti ng Earth) cable of AC cord or with Groun d Cable.  AC Power Socket: C[...]

Chapter 3 Login to the Switch 3.1 Login 1) T o access the configurat ion utility , open a web-browser and type in the default address http://192.168.0.1 in the address field of the browser , then press the Enter key . Figure 3-1 Web-browser Tips: T o log in to the switch, the IP address of your PC should be set in the same subnet addresses of the s[...]

Figure 3-3 Main Setup-Menu Note: Clicking Apply can only make the ne w conf igurations effective before the switch is rebooted. If you want to keep the configur ations effective even the switch is rebooted, please click Saving Config . Y ou are suggested to click Saving Config before cutting off the power or rebooting the switch to avoid losing the[...]

Chapter 4 System The System module is mainly for system confi guration of the switch, including four submenus: System Info , User Manage, System T ools and Access Security . 4.1 System Info The System Info, mainly for basic proper ties configuration, can be implemented on System Summary , Device Description , Sy stem Time , Daylight Saving Time and[...]

Indicates the SFP port is not connected to a device. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 1000Mbps. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 100Mbps. When the cursor moves on the port, the detailed information of the port will be displayed. Figure 4-2 Port Information  Port Info Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Ty p e : Displa[...]

 Bandwidth Utilization Rx: Select Rx to display the bandwidth utilization of receiving p ackets on this port. Tx: Select Tx to display the bandwi dth utilization of sending p ackets on this port. 4.1.2 Device Description On this page you can configur e the description of t he switch, includin g device name, de vice location and system contact. C[...]

Figure 4-5 System T ime The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Tim e I nf o Current System Date: Displays the current date and time of the switch. Current Time Source: Displays the current time Source of the switch.  Time Config Manual: When this option is selected, you can set the date and time manually . Get time from NTP Serv[...]

4.1.4 Daylight Saving Time Here you can configure the Daylight Saving T ime of the switch. Choose the menu System → Sy stem Info → Da ylight Saving T ime to load the following page. Figure 4-6 Daylight Saving T ime The following entries are displayed on this screen:  DST Config DST St atus: Enable or disable the DST . Predefined Mode: Select[...]

Date Mode: S pecify the DST configur ation in Date mode. This configuration is one-off in use.  Offset: S pecify the time addi ng i n minutes when Daylight Saving T ime comes.  S tart/End Ti me: Select starting time and ending time of Daylight Saving T ime. Note: 1. When disable the DST , the predefined mode, recurring mode and date mode cann[...]

Subnet Mask: Enter the subnet mask of the switch. Default Gatewa y: Enter the default gateway of the switch. Note: 1. Changing the IP address to a dif ferent IP segment will interrupt the network communication, so please keep the new IP address in the sa me IP segment with the local network. 2. The switch o nly possesses an IP address. The IP addre[...]

Figure 4-9 User Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  User Info User Name: Create a name for users’ login. Access Level: Select the access level to login.  Admin: Admin can edit, modify and view all the settings of different functions.  Guest: Guest only can view the se ttings without the right to edit and modify . [...]

4.3 System T ools The System T ools function, allo wing you to manage the configurat ion file of the switch, can be implemented on Config Restore , Config Backup , Firmware Upgrade , System Reboot and Syst em Reset p ages. 4.3.1 Config Restore On this page you can upload a backup configuration file to restore your switch to this previous configurat[...]

Figure 4-1 1 Config Backup The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Config Backup Backup Config: Click the Backup Config button to save the current configuration as a file to your computer . Y ou ar e suggested to ta ke this measur e before upgrading. Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the configuration. Pleas e wait without [...]

4. After upgrading, the devic e will reboot automatically . 5. Y ou are suggested to backup t he configuration before upgrading. 4.3.4 System Reboot On this page you can reboot the switch and return to the login page. Please save the current configuration before rebooting to avoi d losing the configuration unsaved Choose the menu System → Sy stem[...]

Figure 4-15 Access Control The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Access Control Config Control Mode: Select the control mode for users to log on to the W eb management page.  IP-based: Select this option to lim it the IP-range of the users for login.  MAC-based: Select this option to limit the MAC Address of the users for lo[...]

 Session Config Session Timeout: If you do nothing with the Web management page within the timeout time, the system will log out automatically . If you want to reconfigure, pl ease login again.  Access User Number Number Control ； Select Enable/Disable the Number Control function. Admin Number: Enter the maximum number of t he users logging[...]

Figure 4-16 SSL Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Global Config SSL: Select Enable/Disable the SSL function on the switch.  Certificate Download Certificate File: Select the desired certificate to download to the switch. The certificate must be BASE64 encoded.  Key Download Key File: Select the desired SSL Key to [...]

an insecure network environment. It can encry pt all the transmission data and prevent the information in a remote management being leaked. Comprising server and client, SSH has two versi ons, V1 and V2 which are not compatible with each other . In the communication, SSH server and client can auto-negotia te the SSH version and the encryption algor[...]

 Key Download Key T ype: Select the type of SSH Key to download. The switch supports three types: SSH-1 RSA, SSH-2 RSA and SSH-2 DSA. Key File: Select the desired key file to download. Download: Click the Download button to downlo ad the desired key file to the switch. Note: 1. Please ensure the key length of the downloaded file is in the range [...]

Application Example 2 for SSH:  Network Requirements 1. Log on to the switch via password authentic ation using SSH and the SSH function is enabled on the switch. 2. PuTTY client sof tware is recommended.  Configuration Procedure 1. Select the key type and key length, and generate SSH key . Note: 1. The key length is in the range of 256 to 30[...]

3. On the W eb manageme nt page of the switch, download the public key file saved in the computer to the switch. Note: 1. The key type should accord with the type of the key file. 2. The SSH key downloading can not be interrupt ed. 4. Download the private key f ile to SSH client software. 28[...]

29 5. After the public key and private key are dow nl oaded, please log on to the interface of PuTTY and enter the IP address for login. After successful authentication, pl ease enter the login user name. If you log on to the switch without entering password, it indicates t hat the key has been successfully downloaded. Return to CONTENTS[...]

Chapter 5 Switching Switching module is used to conf igure the basic functi ons of the switch, in cluding four submenus: Port , LAG , T raffic Monitor and MAC Address . 5.1 Port The Port function, allowing you to configure the basic features fo r the port, is implemented on the Port Config , Port Mirror , Port Security , Port Isolation and Loopback[...]

Port: Displays the port number . Description: Give a description to the port for identification. Statu s: Allows you to Enable/Dis able the port. When Enable is selected, the port can forward the packet s normally . Speed and Duplex: Select the S peed and Duplex mode for the port. The device connected to the switch shoul d be in the same S peed and[...]

Figure 5-2 Mirroring Port The following entries are displayed on this screen.  Mirror Group List Group: Displays the mirror group number . Mirroring: Displays the mirroring port number . Mode: Displays the mirror mode, the value will be "Ingress" or "Egress". Mirrored Port: Displays the mirrored ports. Operation: Click Edit t[...]

Figure 5-3 Mirroring Port The following entries are displayed on this screen.  Mirror Group Number: Select the mirror group number you want to configure.  Mirroring Port Mirroring Port: Select the mirroring port number .  Mirrored Port Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you [...]

Egress: Select Enable/Disable the Egress feature. When the Egress is enabled, the outgoing p acket s sent by the mirrored port will be copied to the mirroring port. LAG: Displays the LAG numb er which the port belongs to. The LAG member can not be selected as the mirrored port or mirroring port. Note: 1. The LAG member can not be selected as the mi[...]

Figure 5-4 Port Security The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Port Security Select: Select the desired port for Port Security configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number . Max Learned MAC: S pecify the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port. Learned Num: Displays the number of MAC [...]

Note: 1. The Port Security function is disabled for the LAG port member . Only the port is removed from the LAG , will the Port Security function be available for the port. 2. The Port Security function is dis abled when the 802.1X function is enabled. 5.1.4 Port Isolation Port Isolation provides a method of restricting traffic flow to improve the [...]

 Port Isolation List Port: Display the port number . Forward Portlist: Display the Forward Portlist. 5.1.5 Loopback Detection With loopback detection feature enabled, the swit ch can detect loops using loopback detection packet s. When a loop is detected, the switch will display an alert or further block the corresponding port according to the p[...]

 Global Config LoopbackDetection Statu s: Here you can enable o r disabl e Loopback Detection function globally . Detection Interval: Set a Loopback Detection interval between 1 and 1000 seconds. By default, it’s 30 seconds. Automatic Recovery Tim e: T ime after which the blocked port would automatically recover to normal status. It can be set[...]

 If the ports, which are enabled for the GVRP , 802.1Q VLAN , V oice VLAN , STP , QoS , DHC P Snooping and Port Configuration ( Speed and Duplex , Flow Control ), are in a LAG , their configurations should be the same.  The ports, which are enabled for the Port Security , Port Mirror , MAC Address Filtering , St atic MAC Address Binding and 8[...]

 SRC MAC + DST MAC: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic w ill apply to the source and destination MAC addresses of the packets.  SRC IP + DST IP: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic will apply to the source and destination IP addresses of the p ackets.  LAG T able Select: Select the desired LAG . It is[...]

Figure 5-8 S tatic LAG Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  LAG Config Group Number: Select a Group Number for the LAG . Description: Give a description to the LAG for identification.  LAG T able Member Port: Select the p ort as the LAG member . Clearing all the ports o f the LAG will delete this LAG . Tips: 1. The LAG [...]

preferred one. If the two port prioritie s are equal ; the port with smaller port number is preferred. After an aggregation group is established, the selected ports c an be aggregated together as one port to transmit packet s. On this page, you can configure the LACP feature of the switch. Choose the menu Sw itch ing → LAG → LACP Config to load[...]

Select: Select the desired port for LACP conf iguration. It is multi-optiona l. Port: Displays the port number . Admin Key: S pecify an Admin Key for the port. The member ports in a dynamic aggregation group must have the same Admin Key . Port Priority: S pecify a Port Priority for the port. This value determines the pri ority of the port to be sel[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the T raffic Summary automatically . Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval.  T raffic Summary Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port num[...]

Figure 5-1 1 T raffic S tatistics The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traf fic Summary automatically . Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval.  St atistics Port: Enter a port number and click the Select button to view the tr[...]

(Alignment Error). The length of the p acket is between 64 bytes and 1518 bytes. UndersizePkt s: Displays the number of the re ceived packets (excluding error packet s) that are less than 64 bytes long. Pkt s64Octets: Displays the number of the re ceived packet s (including error packet s) that are 64 bytes long. Pkt s65to127 Octet s: Displays the [...]

Figure 5-12 Address T able The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Search Option MAC Address: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry . VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of your desired entry . Port: Select the corresponding port number of your desired entry . Ty p e : Select the type of your desired entry .  All: This option allows[...]

VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the correspondi ng Port number of the MAC address. Ty p e : Displays the T ype of the MAC address. Aging St atus: Displays the Aging status of the MAC a ddress. 5.4.2 St atic Address The static address t able maintains the static address entries which can be added or rem[...]

button to find your desired entry in the S t atic Address T able.  MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry .  VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry .  Port: Enter the Port number of your desired entry .  St atic Address T able Select: Select the entry to delete or modi fy the corresponding po rt number . It is[...]

Figure 5-14 Dynamic Address The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Aging Config Auto Aging: Allows you to Enable/Disable t he Auto Aging feature. Aging Time: Enter the Aging T ime for the dynamic address.  Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option fr om the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desire[...]

 Dynamic Address T able Select: Select the entry to delet e the dy namic address or to bind the MAC address to the corresponding port statically . It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the dynamic MAC Address. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the correspondi ng por t number of the MAC address. [...]

Figure 5-15 Filtering Address The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Create Filtering Address MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address to be filtered. VLAN ID: Enter the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address.  Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option fr om the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desir[...]

53 Note: 1. The MAC address in the Filtering Address T abl e can not be added to the S tatic Address T ab le or bound to a port dynamically . 2. This MAC address filtering function is not available if the 802. 1X feature is enabled. Return to CONTENTS[...]

Chapter 6 VLAN The traditional Ethernet is a data network communication technology based on CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) vi a shared communication medium. Through the traditional Ethernet, the overfull hosts in LAN will result in serious collis ion, flooding broadcasts, poor performance or even break down of the Internet[...]

packet s of different VLANs. The switch c an analyze the received untagged p ackets on the port and match the packet s with the MAC VLAN, Protocol VLAN and 802.1Q VLAN in turn. If a packet is matched, the switch will add a corresponding VLAN tag to it and forward it in the corresponding VLAN. 6.1 802.1Q VLAN VLAN tags in the packet s are necessary [...]

is T AG . The TRUNK port is generally used to conn ect the cascaded network devices for it can receive and forward the packets of multiple VLANs. When the p ackets are forwarded by the TRUNK port, it s VLAN tag will not be changed. （ 3 ） GENERAL: The GENERAL port can be added in multiple VLANs and set various egres s rules according to the diff[...]

6.1.1 VLAN Config On this page, you can view the current created 802.1Q VLAN. Choose the menu VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN → VLAN Config to load the following page. Figure 6-3 VLAN T able T o ensure the normal communication of the factory sw itch, the default VLAN of all ports is set to VLAN1. VLAN1 cannot be modified or deleted. The following ent ries a[...]

Figure 6-4 Create or Modify 802.1Q VLAN The following ent ries are displaye d on this screen:  VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of VLAN. Description: Give a description to the VLAN for identification. Check: Click the Check button to check whether the VLAN ID you entered is valid or not.  VLAN Members Port Select: Click the Select but[...]

Egress Rule: Select the Egress Rule for the VLAN port member . The defau lt egress rule is UNT AG .  T AG: All packets forwarded by the port are t agged. The packet s contain VLAN information.  UNT AG: Packets forwarded by the port are untagged. LAG: Displays the LAG to which the port belongs. 6.1.2 Port Config Before creating the 802.1Q VLAN[...]

Link T ype: Select the Link T ype from t he pull-down list for the port.  ACCESS: The ACCESS port c an be added in a single VLAN, and the egress rule of the port is UNT AG . The PVID is same as the current VLAN ID. If t he current VLAN is deleted, the PVID will be set to 1 by default.  TRUNK: The TRUNK port can be added in multiple VLANs, and[...]

3 Modify/View VLAN. Optional. On the VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN → VLAN Config pa ge, click the Edit/Det ail button to modify/view the information of the corresponding VLAN. 4 Delete VLAN Optional. On the VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN → VLAN Config page , select the desired entry to del ete the corresponding VLAN by clicking the Delete button. 6.2 MAC VLAN MAC[...]

MAC Address: Enter the MAC address. Description: Give a description to the MA C address for identification. VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of the MAC VLAN . This VLAN should be one of the 802.1Q VLANs the ingress port belongs to.  MAC VLAN T able MAC Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the MAC address y[...]

 Encap sulation Format of Ethernet Dat a This section simply introduces the common us ed encapsulation format of Ethernet data to understand the procedure for the switch to identify the protocol of packet s . At present there are two encapsulation formats of Ethernet data, Ethernet II encap sulation and 802.2/802.3 encapsulation, shown as follow[...]

 The Procedure for the Switch to Identify Packet Protoco l  The Implement ation of Protocol VLAN This switch can match p ackets through protocol template and transmit packet s in the specific VLAN according to the protocol. Protocol templa te, comprising encapsulation format and protocol type, is the standard to determi ne the protocol which [...]

VLAN packets are processed in the follow ing way: 1. When receiving an untagged packet, the switch matches the packet with the current Protocol VLAN. If the packet is matched, the switch will add a corresponding Protocol VLAN tag to it. If no Protocol VLAN is matched, t he switch will add a tag to the packet according to the PVID of the received po[...]

Figure 6-9 Create Protocol VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Protocol Group Config Protocol: Select the defined protocol template. VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of the Protocol VLAN. This VLAN should be one of the 802.1Q VLANs the ingress port belongs to.  Protocol Group Member Select your desired port for Protocol VLAN[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Create Protocol T emplate Protocol Name: Give a name for the Protocol T emplate. Ether T ype: Enter the Ethernet protocol type field in the protocol template. Frame T ype: Select a Fra me T ype for the Protocol T emplate.  Protocol T emplate T able Select: Select the desired entry . It is m[...]

 Switch B is connecting to PC B and Server A;  PC A and Server A is in the same VLAN;  PC B and Server B is in the same VLAN;  PCs in the two VLANs cannot communicate with each other .  Network Diagram  Configuration Procedure  Configure Switch A Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure the Link T ype of the ports Required. On V[...]

6.5 Application Example for MAC VLAN  Network Requirements  Switch A and switch B are connected to meeting ro om A and meet ing room B respectively , and the two rooms are for all departments;  Notebook A and Notebook B, spec ial for meeting room, are of two different departments;  The two departments are in VLAN10 and VLAN 20 respectiv[...]

 Configure Switch B Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure the Link T ype of the ports Required. On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN → Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 21 and Port 22 as GENERAL and TRUNK respectively . 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN → VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLANID as 10, owning Port[...]

 Network Diagram  Configuration Procedure  Configure Switch A Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure the Link T ype of the ports Required. On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN → Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 1 1 and Port 13 as ACCESS, and configure the link type of Port 12 as GENERAL. 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN → 802.1Q [...]

4 Create Protocol Te m p l a t e Required. On VLAN → Protocol VLAN → Protocol T emplate page, configure the protocol template prac tically . E.g. the IP network packet s are encapsulated in Ethernet II form at and its Ether T ype is 0800; the AppleT alk network packets are encap sulated in SNAP format and its PID is 809B. 5 Create Protocol VLAN[...]

 Join Timer: To transmit the Join messages reliably to other entities, a GARP entity sends each Join message two times. The Jo in timer is used to define the interval between the two sending operations of each Join message.  Leave Timer: When a GARP entity expects to deregister a piece of attribute information, it sends out a Leave message. A[...]

Figure 6-1 1 GVRP Config Note: If the GVRP feature is enabled for a member port of LAG , please ensure all the member ports of this LAG are set to be in the same status and registration mode. The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Global Config GVRP: Allows you to Enable/Disabl e the GVRP function.  Port Config Port Select: Clic[...]

 Forbidden: In this mode, a port cannot register/deregiste r VLANs. It only propagates VLAN 1 information. LeaveAll Timer: Once the LeaveAll T imer is set, the port with GVRP enabled can send a LeaveAll message after the timer ti mes out, so that other GARP ports can re-register all the attri bute information. After that, the LeaveAll timer will[...]

Chapter 7 S p anning T r ee STP (S panning T ree P rotocol), subject to IEEE 802.1 D standard, is to disbranch a ring network in the Data Link layer in a local netwo rk. Devices running STP discover loops in the network and block ports by exchanging inf ormation, in that way , a ring net work can be di sbranched t o form a tree-topologi cal ring-fr[...]

Figure 7-1 Basic STP diagram  STP T imers Hello T ime: Hello T ime ranges from 1 to 10 seconds. It specifie s the interval to send BPDU packets. It is used to test the links. Max. Age: Max. Age ranges from 6 to 40 sec onds. It specifies the maximum time the switch can wait without receiving a BPDU before attempting to reconfigure. Forward Delay:[...]

 Comparing BPDUs Each switch sends out configur ation BPDUs and receives a confi guration BPDU on one of its ports from another switch. The following t abl e shows the comparing operations. Ste p Operation 1 If the priority of the BPDU received on t he po rt is lower than that of the BPDU if of the port itself, the switch discards the BPDU and d[...]

 The condition for the root port to transit its port state rapidly: The old root port of the switch stops forwarding data and the des ignated port of the up stream switch begins to forward data.  The condition for the designated port to transit its port st ate rapidly: The designated port is an edge port or connecting to a point-to-point link[...]

Figure 7-2 Basic MSTP diagram  MSTP MSTP divides a network into several MST r egions. The CST is generat ed betwee n these MST regions, and multiple spanning trees can be gener ated in each MST region. Each spanning tree is called an instance. As well as STP , MSTP us es BPDUs to generate sp anning tree. The only difference is that the BPD U for[...]

Figure 7-3 Port roles The S panning T ree module is mainly for spanning tree configuration of the switch, including four submenus: STP Config , Port Config , MSTP Inst ance and STP Security . 7.1 STP Config The STP Config function, for global configuration of spanning trees on the switch, can be implemented on STP Config and STP Summary pages. 7.1.[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Global Config STP: Select Enable/Disable STP f unction globally on the switch. V ersion: Select the desired STP version on the switch.  STP: S panning T ree Protocol.  RSTP: Rapid S panning T ree Protocol.  MSTP: Multiple S panning T ree Protocol.  Parameters Config CIST Priority: [...]

4. If the TxHold Count parameter is too large, the number of MSTP pa cket s being sent in each hello time may be increased with occupying too much network resources. The default value is recommended. 7.1.2 STP Summary On this page you can view the related parameters for S panning T ree function. Choose the menu Sp anning T ree → STP Config → ST[...]

Figure 7-6 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for STP conf iguration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Statu s: Select Enabl[...]

 Designated Port: Indicates the port that forward s packet s to a downstream network segment or switch.  Master Port: Indicates the port that connects a MST region to the common root. The path fr om the master port to the common root is the shortest path between this MST region and the common root.  Alternate Port: Indicates the por t that[...]

Figure 7-7 Region Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Region Config Region Name: Create a name for MST region identif ication using up to 32 characters. Revision: Enter the revision from 0 to 6553 5 for MST region identification. 7.3.2 Inst ance Config Instance Configuration, a property of MST regi on, is used to describe[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Inst ance T able Inst ance ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding Instance ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired Instance ID for c onfiguration. It is multi-optional. Inst ance: Displays Instance ID of th e switch. Statu s: Displays sta[...]

Figure 7-9 Instance Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Port Config Inst ance ID: Select the desired inst ance ID for its port configuration. Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to specify its priority and pa[...]

Note: The port status of one port in dif ferent spanning tree instances can be different. Global configuration Procedure for S panning T ree function: Ste p Operation Description 1 Make clear roles the switches play in spanning tree instances: root bridge or designated bridge Preparation. 2 Globally configure MSTP parameters Required. Enable S pann[...]

 Root Protect A CIST and its secondary root bridges are usually located in the high-bandwidth core region. Wrong configuration or malicious attacks may resu lt in configuration BPD U p ackets with higher priorities being received by the legal root bridge, which causes the cu rrent legal root bridge to lose its position and network topology jitte[...]

Figure 7-10 Port Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Port Protect Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for port protect configuratio n. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Loop Prot[...]

7.4.2 TC Protect When TC Protect is enabled for the port on Port Protect page, the TC threshold and TC protect cycle need to be configured on this page. Choose the menu Sp anning T ree → STP Security → TC Protect to load the following p age. Figure 7-1 1 TC Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen:  TC Protect TC Threshold:[...]

 Configuration Procedure  Configure Switch A: Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as T runk, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Sp anning T ree → STP Config → S[...]

 Configure Switch C: Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as T runk, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN . 2 Enable STP function On Sp anning T ree → STP Config → STP Config page, enable STP [...]

 For Instance 2 (VLAN 102, 104 and 106), the blue paths in the following figure are connected links; the gray paths ar e the blocked links.  Suggestion for Configuration  Enable TC Protect functio n for all the ports of switches.  Enable Root Protect function for a ll the ports of root bridges.  Enable Loop Protect function for the n[...]

Chapter 8 Multicast  Multicast Overview In the network, packet s are sent in three modes: unicast, broadcas t and multicast. In unicast, the source server sends separate copy information to each receiver . When a large number of users require this information, the serv er must send many pieces of info rmation with the same content to the users. [...]

 Multicast Address 1. Multicast IP Address: As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as destination addresses of multic ast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several special multicast IP addresses. Mu[...]

 IGMP Snooping In the network, the hosts apply to the near r outer for joining (leaving) a multicast group by sending IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) me ssages. When the up-str eam device forwards down the multicast data, the switch is responsible for sending them to the hosts. IG MP Sn oopin g i s a multicast contr ol mechanism, which[...]

3. IGMP Leave Message The host, running IGMPv1, does not send IGMP l eave messa ge when leaving a multicast group, as a result, the switch can not get the leave information of the host momentarily . However , after leaving the multicast group, the host does not send IGMP report message any more, so the switch will remove the port from the correspon[...]

Figure 8-4 Basic Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Global Config IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP S nooping function globally on the switch. Unknown Multicast: Select the operation for the swit ch to process unknown m ulticast, Forward or Discard.  IGMP Snooping S tatus Description: Displays IGMP Snooping st[...]

Figure 8-5 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for IGMP Snooping feature conf iguration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port of the switch. IGMP Snoop[...]

Figure 8-6 VLAN Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID to enable IGMP Snooping for the desired VLAN. Router Port Time: S pecify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router p ort, it will consider this port is no[...]

Router Port: Displays the router port of the VLAN. Note: The settings here will be invalid when multicast VLAN is enabled Configuration procedure: Ste p Operation Description 1 Enable IGMP Snooping function Required. Enable IGMP Snooping globally on the switch and for the port on Multicast → IGMP Snooping → Snooping Config and Port Config p age[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Multicast VLAN Multicast VLAN: Select Enable/Disable Multicast VLAN feature. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicas t VLAN. Router Port Time: S pecify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router p ort, it will cons[...]

3 Configure p a rameters for multicast VLAN Optional. Enable and configur e a multicast VLAN on the Multicast → IGMP Snoo ping → Multicast VLAN page. It is recommended to keep the default time parameters. 4 Look over the configuration If it is successfully configured, the VLAN ID of the multicast VLAN will be displayed in the IGMP Snooping S ta[...]

Ste p Operation Description 1 Create VLANs Create three VLANs with the VLAN ID 3, 4 and 5 respectively , and specify the description of VL AN3 as Multicast VLAN on VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN page. 2 Configure ports On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN function pages. For port 3, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as T AG , and add it to VLAN3, VLA[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Search Option Multicast IP: Enter the multicast IP address the desired entry must carry . VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID the desired entry must carry . Port: Select the port number the desired entry must carry . Ty p e : Select the type the desired entry must carry .  All: Displays all multicas[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Create St atic Multicast Multicast IP: Enter static multicast IP address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicas t IP . Forward Port: Enter the forward port of the multicast group.  Search Option Search Option: Select the rules for displaying multicast IP t able to find the desired entr[...]

Figure 8-10 Multicast Filter The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Create IP-Range IP Range ID : Enter the IP- range ID. St art Multicast IP: Enter st art multicast IP of the IP-range you set. End Multicast IP: Enter end multicast IP of the IP-range you set.  IP-Range T able IP-Range ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-[...]

Figure 8-1 1 Port Filter The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Port Filter Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for multicas t filtering. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port numbe r . Filter: Select Enable/[...]

2. Multicast Filter feature has no effect o n static multicast IP . 3. Up to 5 IP-Ranges can be bound to one port. Configuration Procedure: Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure IP-Range Required. C onfigur e IP-Range to be filtered on Multicast → Multicast Filter → IP-Range page. 2 Configure multicast filter rules for ports Optional. Configu[...]

Refresh Period: Enter the time from 3 to 300 in seconds to specif y the auto refre sh period.  IGMP S tatistics Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Query Packet: Displays the number of query packets the port received. Repor[...]

Chapter 9 QoS QoS (Quality of Service) functi ons to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements and optim ize the bandwidth resource dist ribution so as to provide a network service experience of a better quality .  QoS This switch classifies the ingr ess packets, map s the packet s to different priori[...]

2. 802.1P Prior ity Figure 9-2 802.1Q frame As shown in the figure above, each 802.1Q T ag ha s a Pri field, comprising 3 bits. The 3-bit priority field is 802.1p priority in the range of 0 to 7. 802.1P priority determi nes the priority of the packet s based on the Pri value. On the Web management page of the switch, you can configure different pri[...]

Figure 9-4 SP-Mode 2. WRR-Mode: Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, packet s in all the queues are sent in order based on the weight value for each queue and every queue can be assured of a certain service time. The weight value indicates the occupied proportion of the resource. WRR queue overcomes the disadvantage of SP queue that the packets i[...]

The QoS module is mainly for traffic control and pr iority configuration, including three submenus: DiffServ , Bandwidth Control and V oice VLAN . 9.1 DiffServ This switch classifies the ingr ess packets, map s the packet s to different priority queues and then fo rwar ds th e pac ke ts ac cor din g to sp eci fi ed scheduli ng algorithms to impleme[...]

Configuration Procedure: Ste p Operation Description 1 Select the port priority Required. On QoS → DiffServ → Port Priority page, configure the port priority . 2 Configure the mapping relation between the CoS priority and TC Required. On QoS → DiffServ → 802.1P/CoS mapping page, configure the mappi ng relation between the CoS and TC. 3 Sele[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  DSCP Priority Config DSCP Priority: Select Enable or Disable DSCP Priority .  Priority Level DSCP: Indicates the priority determined by the DS region of IP da tagram. It ranges from 0 to 63. Priority: Indicates the 802.1P priority the p ackets with tag are mapped to. The priorities are labe[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Priority and CoS-mapping Config T ag-id/Cos-id: Indicates the precedence level defined by IEEE802.1P and the CoS ID. Queue TC-id: Indicates the priority level of egress queue the packet s with tag and CoS-id are mapped to. The priority levels of egress queue are labeled as TC0, TC1, TC2 and TC[...]

SP+WRR-Mode: S trict-Priority + W eight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, this switch provides two scheduling groups, SP group and WRR group. Queues in SP group and WRR group are scheduled strictly based on strict-priority mode while the queues inside WRR group follow the WRR mode. In SP+WRR mode, TC3 is in the SP group; TC0, TC1 and TC2 belong to th[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Rate Limit Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Rate conf iguration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Ingress Rate (bps ): Configure the ba[...]

Figure 9-1 1 S torm Control The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Storm Control Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for S tor m Control configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the swit[...]

9.3 V oice V LAN V oice VLANs are configured spec ially for voice data stream. By configuring V oice VLANs and adding the ports with voice devices attached to voic e VLANs, you can perform QoS-related configuration for voice data, ens uring the transmission priority of voice data stream and voice quality .  OUI Address (Organizationally unique i[...]

Port V oice VLAN Mode V oice Stream T y pe Link type of the port and processing mode ACCESS: Not supported. TRUNK: Supported. The default VL AN of the port can not be voice VLAN. TA G v o i c e stream GENERAL: Supported. The defaul t VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN and the egress rule of the access port in the voice VLAN should be T AG . ACC[...]

Note: Don’t transmit voice stream toget her with other business packet s in the voice VLAN except for some special requirements. The V oice VLAN functi on can be implemented on Global Config, Port Config and OUI Config pages. 9.3.1 Global Config On this page, you can configure the global pa rameters of the voice VLAN, including VLAN ID, aging tim[...]

Figure 9-13 Port Config Note: T o enable voice VLAN function for the LAG member port, please ensure its member state accords with its port mode. If a port is a member port of voice VLAN, changing its port mode to be “Auto” will make the port leave the voice VLAN and will not join the voice VLAN automatically until it re ceives voice streams. Th[...]

Security Mode: Configur e the security mode for forwarding packets.  Disable: All packets are fo rwarded.  Enable: Only voice data are forwarded. Member St ate: Displays the state of the port in the current voice VLAN. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 9.3.3 OUI Config The switch supports OUI create and add the MAC addr [...]

Description: Displays the description of the OUI. Configuration Procedure of V oice VLAN: Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure the link type of the port Required. On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN → Port Config page, configure the link type of por ts of the voice device. 2 Create VLAN Required. On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN → Port Config page,, click the Cr[...]

Chapter 10 ACL ACL (Access Control List) is used to filter packet s by configuring match rules and process policies of packet s in order to control the access of the illegal users to the network. Besides, ACL functions to control traffic flows and save network resource s. It provides a flex ible and secured access control policy and facilitates you[...]

10.1.2 Time-Range Create On this page you can create time-ranges. Choose the menu ACL → Time-Range → Time-Range Create to load the following p age. Figure 10-2 T ime-Range Create Note: T o successfully configure time -ranges, please firstly specify ti me-slices and then time-ranges. The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Create[...]

End Time: Displays the end time of the time-slice. Delete: Click the Delete button to delete the corresponding time-slice. 10.1.3 Holida y Config Holiday mode is applied as a different secured a ccess control policy from the week mode. On this page you can define holidays according to your work arrangement. Choose the menu ACL → Time-Range → Ho[...]

10.2.1 ACL Summary On this page, you can view the curr ent ACLs configured in the switch. Choose the menu ACL → ACL Config → ACL Summary to load the following page. Figure 10-4 ACL Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Search Option Select ACL: Select the ACL you have created ACL T ype: Displays the type of the ACL you[...]

10.2.3 MAC ACL MAC ACLs analyze and process packet s based on a se ries of match conditi ons, which can be the source MAC addresses, destination MAC addresse s, VLAN ID, and EtherT ype carried in the packet s. Choose the menu ACL → ACL Config → MAC ACL to load the following page. Figure10-6 Create MAC Rule The following entries are displayed on[...]

10.2.4 St andard-IP ACL S tandard-IP ACLs analyze and proces s data packe ts based on a series of ma tch conditions, which can be the source IP addresses and destination IP addresses carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL → ACL Config → St andard-IP ACL to load the following page. Figure10-7 Create S tandard-IP Rule The following entries a[...]

Figure10-8 Create Extend-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Create Extend-IP ACL ACL ID: Select the desired Extend-I P ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID. Operation: Select the operation for the switch to process packet s which match the rules.  Permit: Forward packet s.  Deny: Discard Packe ts. S-I[...]

IP Pre: Enter the IP Precedence cont ained in the rule. Time-Range: Select the time-range for t he rule to take ef fect. 10.3 Policy Config A Policy is used to control the data p ackets those match the corresponding ACL rules by configuring ACLs and actions t ogether for effect. The operations here include stream mirror , stream condition, QoS rema[...]

Figure 10-10 Create Policy The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Create Policy Policy Name: Enter the name of the policy . 10.3.3 Action Create On this page you can add ACLs and creat e corresponding actions for the policy . Choose the menu ACL → Policy Config → Action Create to load the following page. Figure 10-1 1 Action Cr[...]

S-Condition: Select S-Condition to limit the transmission rate of the data pa cke ts in the policy .  Rate: S pecify the forwarding rate of the data packe ts those match the corresponding ACL.  Out of Band: Specif y the disposal way of the data packets those are transmitted beyond the rate. Redirect: Select Redirect to change the forwarding d[...]

Index: Displays the index of the binding policy . Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding p olicy . Interface: Displays the port number or VLAN ID bound to the policy . Direction: Displays the binding direction. 10.4.2 Port Binding On this page you can bind a policy to a port. Choose the menu ACL → Policy Binding → Port Binding to load th[...]

Figure10-14 Bind the policy to the VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen:  VLAN-Bind Config Policy Name: Select the name of the po licy you want to bind. VLAN ID: Enter the ID of the VLAN you want to bind.  VLAN-Bind T able Index: Displays the index of the binding policy . Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding p olic[...]

3. The staf f of the marketing department can access to the Internet all day but can not visit the forum during the working time. 4. The R&D dep artment and mark eting department can not communicate with each other .  Network Diagram  Configuration Procedure Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure T ime-range On ACL → Time-Range page, c[...]

3 Configure for requirement 2 and 4 On ACL → ACL Config → ACL Create page, create ACL 100. On ACL → ACL Config → St andard-IP ACL page, select ACL 100, create Rule 1, configure operatio n as Deny , configure S-IP as 172.31.70.1 and mask as 255.255.255. 0, configure D-IP as 172.31.50.1 and mask as 255. 255.255.0, configur e the time-range as[...]

Chapter 11 Network Security Network Security module is to provide the multip le protection measures fo r the network security , including four submenus: IP-MAC Binding , ARP Inspection , DoS Defend and 80 2.1X . Please configure the functions ap propriate to your need. 11.1 IP-MAC Binding The IP-MAC Binding function allows you to bind the IP addres[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Search Option Source: Select a Source from the pull-down list and click the Search button to view your desired entry in the Binding T able.  All: All the bound entries will be displayed.  Manual: Only the manually added entries will be displayed.  Scanning: Only the entries formed via[...]

Figure 1 1-2 Manual Binding The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Manual Binding Option Host Name: Enter the Host Name. IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the Host. MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address of the Host. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. Port: Select the number of por t connected to the Host. Protect T ype: Select the Protect [...]

11.1.3 ARP Scanning ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is u sed to analyze and map IP addresses to the corresponding MAC addresses so that p ackets can be delivered to their destin ations correctly . IP address is the address of the Host on Network layer . MAC address, the address of the Host on Data link layer , is necessary for the packet to reach[...]

Figure 1 1-4 ARP Scanning The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Scanning Option St art IP Address: S pecify the S tart IP Address. End IP Address: S pecify the End IP Address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. If blank, the switch will send the unt agged packet s for scanning. Scan: Click the Scan button to scan the Hosts in the LAN. ?[...]

network configuration protocol optimized and dev el oped based on the BOOTP , functions to solve the above mentioned problems.  DHCP W orking Principle DHCP works via the “Client/Server” communication mode. The Client applies to the Server for configuration. The Server assigns the configuration information, such as the IP address, to the Cli[...]

Figure 1 1-6 Interaction between a DHCP client and a DHCP server （ 1 ） DHCP-DISCOVER St age: The Client broadcasts the DHCP-DISCOVER packet to find the DHCP Server . （ 2 ） DHCP-OFFE R St age: Up on receiving the DHCP-DISCOVER packet, the DHCP Server selects an IP address from the IP pool according to the assigning priority of the IP address[...]

Option 82 can contain 255 sub-o ptions at most. If Option 82 is defined, at least a sub-option should be defined. This switch s upports two sub-options: Circuit ID and Remote ID. Since there is no universal standard about the content of Op tion 82, different manufacturers define the sub-options of Option 82 to their need. For this switch, the sub-o[...]

Choose the menu Network Security → IP-MAC Binding → Binding T able to load the following page. Figure 1 1-8 DHCP Snooping Note: If you want to enable the DHCP Snooping feature for the member port of LAG , please ensure the parameters of all the member port s are the same. The following entries are displayed on this screen:  DHCP Snooping Con[...]

DHCP Snooping: Enable/Disable the DHCP Snooping function globally . Global Flow Control: Select the value to specif y the maximum amount of DHCP messages that can be forwarded by the switch per second. The excessive massages will be discarded. Decline Threshold: Select the value to specify the minimum transmission rate of the Decline packets to tri[...]

11.2 ARP Inspection According to the ARP Implement ation Procedure s tated in 1 1.1.3 ARP Scanning , it can be found that ARP protocol can facilit ate the Hosts in t he same network segment to communicate with one another or access to external network via Gatewa y . However , since ARP protocol is implemented with the premise that all the Hosts and[...]

Figure 1 1-10 ARP Attack – Cheating Gateway As the above figure shown, the at tacker sends the fake ARP p ackets of Host A to the Gateway , and then the Gateway will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP p ackets. When the Gateway tries to communicate with Ho st A in LAN, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address[...]

Figure 1 1-1 1 ARP Attack – Cheating T erminal Hosts As the above figure shown, the atta cker sends the fake ARP packe ts of Host A to Host B, and then Host B will automatically update its ARP table afte r receiving the ARP packets. When Host B tries to communicate with Host A, it will encapsulat e this false destination MAC address for packets, [...]

Figure 1 1-12 Man-In-The-Middle Attack Suppose there are three Hosts in LAN connec ted with one another through a switch. Host A: IP address is 192.168.0.101; MAC address is 00-00-00-1 1-1 1-1 1. Host B: IP address is 19 2.168.0. 102; MAC address is 00-00-0 0-22-22-22. Attacker: IP address is 192.168.0.103; MAC address is 00-00-00-33-33-33. 1. Firs[...]

The IP-MAC Binding function allows the switch to bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of t he Host together when the Host connect s to the switch. Based on the predefined IP-MAC Binding ent ries, the ARP Inspection functi ons to detect the ARP p ackets and filter the illegal ARP packet so as to prevent the network[...]

Configuration Procedure: Ste p Operation Description 1 Bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together . Required. On the IP-MAC Binding page, bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together via Manual Binding, ARP Scanning or DHCP Snooping. 2 Enable the p rot[...]

The following entries are displayed on this screen:  ARP Defend Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select your desired port for confi guration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number . Defend: Select Enable/Disable the ARP Defend feature for the [...]

Figure 1 1-15 ARP S tatistics The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the Auto Refresh feature. Refresh Interval: S pecify the refresh interval to display the ARP S tatistics.  Illegal ARP Packet Port: Displays the port number . T rusted Port: Indicates the port is an ARP Tr usted Port or[...]

DoS Att ack T ype Description Land Attack The attacker sends a specific fake SYN packet to the destination Host. Since both the source IP address and the destinatio n IP address of the SYN packet are set to be the IP address of the Host, the Host will be trapped in an endless circle for building the in itial connection. The performanc e of the netw[...]

Figure 1 1-16 DoS Defend The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Configure DoS Defend: Enable/Disable DoS Defend function.  Defend T able Select: Select the entry to enable the corresponding Defen d T ype. Defend T ype: Displays the Defend T ype name. Tips: Y ou are suggested to take the following furt her step s to ensure the ne[...]

 Architecture of 802.1X Authentication 802.1X adopts a client/server architecture with three entities: a supplicant system, an authenticator system, and an authentic ation server system, as shown in the following figure. Figure 1 1-17 Architecture of 802.1X authentication （ 1 ） Supplicant System: The supplicant system is an entit y in LAN an[...]

 802.1X Authentication Procedure An 802.1X authentication can be initiated by suppl i cant system or authent icator system. When the authenticator system detec ts an unauthenticated supp licant in LAN, it will initiate the 802.1X authentication by sending EAP-Reque st/Identity packet s to the supp licant. The supplicant system can also launch an[...]

4. Upon receivi ng the user name from the switch , the RADIUS server retrieves the user name, finds the corresponding password by matching the user name in its database, encrypts the password using a randomly-generated key , and sends the key to the switch through an RADIUS Access-Challenge packet. The switch then sends the key to the 802.1X client[...]

further authentication. Whereas the randomly-gene rated key in EAP-MD5 relay mode is generated by the authentication server , and th e switch is responsible to encapsu late the authentication packet and forward it to the RADIUS server .  802.1X Timer In 802.1 x authentication, the fo llowing timers are used to ensure that the supplicant system, [...]

Figure 1 1-20 Global Config The following entries are displayed on this s creen:  Global Config 802.1X: Enable/Disa ble the 802.1X function. Authentication Method: Select the Authentication Me thod from the pull-down list.  EAP-MD5: IEEE 802.1X authentication system uses extensible authenticat ion protocol (EAP) to exchange information betwee[...]

respond to the authentication requ est from the same supplicant during the Quiet Period. Retry Times: S pecify the maximum transfer times of the r epeated authentication request. Supplicant Timeout: S pecify the maximum ti me for the switch to wait for the response from supplicant bef ore resending a request to the supplicant. Server Timeout: S pec[...]

port. Guest VLAN: Select Enable/Disable the Gues t VLAN feature for the port. Control Mode: S pecify the Control Mode for the port.  Auto: In this mode, the port will normally work only after passing the 802.1X Authentication.  Force-Authorized: In this mode, the port can work normally without passing the 802. 1X Authentication.  Force-Una[...]

Primary IP: Enter the IP addr ess of the authentication server . Secondary IP: Enter the IP address of the al ternate a uthentication server . Authentication Port: Set the UDP port of authentication server(s). The def ault port is 1812 Authentication KEY : Set the shared password for t he switch and the authentication servers to exchange messages. [...]

Chapter 12 SNMP  SNMP Overvie w SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) has gained the most extens ive application on the UDP/IP networks. SNMP provides a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. It is used for automatica lly managing the various network devices no matter the physical differences of the devices. Curr ently[...]

SNMP v1: SNMP v1 adopt s Community Name authentic ation. The community name is used to define the relation between SNMP Management S tation and SNMP Agent. The SNMP packe ts failing to pass community name authentication are discarded. The community name can limit access to SNMP Agent from SNMP NMS, functioning as a password. SNMP v2c: SNMP v2c also[...]

management station. The specif ied User Name and the Auth/Privacy Password are used for SNMP Management S tation to access the SNMP Agent, functioning as the p assword. SNMP module is used to configure the SNMP f unction of the switch, including three submenus: SNMP Config , Notification and RMON . 12.1 SNMP Config The SNMP Config can be implemente[...]

Note: The amount of Engine ID c haracters must be even. 12.1.2 SNM P View The OID (Object Identifier) of t he SNMP packets is used to describe the managed objects of the switch, and the MIB (Management Information Base) is the set of the OIDs. The SNMP View is created for the SNMP management station to manage MIB objects. Choose the menu SNMP → S[...]

12.1.3 SNM P Group On this page, you can co nfigure SNMP Group to control the network access by providing the users in various groups with different management right s via the Read View , Write View and Notify View . Choose the menu SNMP → SNMP Config → SNMP Group to load the following page. Figure 12-5 SNMP Group The following entries are disp[...]

Wri te View : Select the View to be the W rite View . The management access is writing only and changes can be made to the a ssigned SNMP View . The View defined both as the Read View and the Write V iew can be read and modified. Notify V iew : Select the View to be the Notify V iew . The management station can receive trap messages of the assigned[...]

Figure 12-6 SNMP User The following entries are displayed on this screen:  User Config User Name: Enter the User Name here. User T ype: Select the type for the User .  Local User: Indicates that the user is connected to a local SNMP engine.  Remote User: Indicates that the user is connected to a remote SNMP engine. Group Name: Select the G[...]

 User T able Select: Select the desired entry to delet e the corresponding User . It is multi-optional. User Name: Displays the name of the User . User T ype: Displays the User T ype. Group Name: Displays the Group Name of the User . Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the User . Security Level: Displays the Security Level of the User[...]

 read-only: Managemen t right of the Community is restricted to read-only, and changes cannot be made to the corresponding View.  read-write: Management right of the Comm unity is read-write and changes can be made to the correspondin g View. MIB Vie w : Select the MIB V iew for the community to access.  Community T able Select: Select the[...]

 If SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c is employed, please take the following step s: Ste p Operation Description 1 Enable SNMP function globally . Required. On the SNMP → SNMP Config → Global Config page, enable SNMP function globally . 2 Create SNMP View . Required. On the SNMP → SNMP Config → SNMP View page, create SNMP V iew of the management agent. [...]

Figure 12-8 Notification Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Create Notification IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the management Host. UDP Port: Enter the number of the UDP por t used to send notifications. The UDP port functions with the IP address for the notification sending. The default is 162. User: Enter the User[...]

 Notification T able Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding management station. IP Address: Displays the IP Address of the management host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port us ed to send notifications. User: Displays the User name of the management station. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the management statio[...]

The RMON Groups can be configur ed on the Histor y Control, Event Config and Alarm Config pages. 12.3.1 Histor y Control On this page, you can confi gure the History Group for RMON. Choose the menu SNMP → RMON → History Control to load the following page. Figure 12-9 History Control The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Histor[...]

Figure 12-10 Event Config The following entries are displayed on this s creen:  Event T able Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry . User: Enter the name of the User or the community to which the event belongs. Description: Give a description to the event for identification. Ty p e : Se[...]

Figure 12-1 1 Alarm Config The following entries are displayed on this s creen:  Alarm T able Select: Select the desired entry for configuratio n. Index: Displays the index number of the entry . Va r i a b l e : Select the alarm variables from the pull-down list. Port: Select the port on which the Alarm entry acts. Sample T ype: S pecify the sam[...]

Interval: Enter the alarm interval time in seconds. Ow ner : Enter the name of the device or user that defined the entry . Statu s: Select Enable/Disable t he corresponding alarm entry . Note: When alarm variables exceed the Threshold on the same direction continuously for several times, an alarm event will only be generated on the first time, that[...]

Chapter 13 Cluster With the development of network technology , the network scale is getting larger and more network devices are required, which may result in a mo re complicated network m anagement system. As a large number of devices need to be assigned diff erent network addresses and every management device needs to be respectively configured t[...]

 The current switch you create cluster is specified as t he commander switch.  The commander switch discovers and determines candidate switches by collecting related information.  After being added to the cluster , the candidate switch becomes to be the member switch,  After being removed from the cluster , the mem ber switch becomes to[...]

Figure 13-2 Neighbor Information The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Neighbor Search Option: Select the information the desir ed entry should contain and then click the Search button to display the desired entry in the following Neighbor Information table.  Neighbor Info Native Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Re[...]

Figure 13-3 NDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Global Config NDP: Displays the global NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the switch. Aging Time: Displays the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packet s from this switch. Hello Time: Displays the interval to send NDP p ackets.  Port St atus Port: Disp[...]

Det ail ： C lick the Detail button to view the complete information collected for the port. 13.1.3 NDP Config On this page you can configure the NDP function for the switch. Choose the menu Cluster → NDP → NDP Config to load the following page. Figure 13-4 NDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Global Config NDP: S[...]

Enable: Click the Enable button to enable ND P for the port you select. Disable: Click the Disable button to disable NDP for the port you select. Note: 1. NDP function is ef fective only when NDP function is enabled globally and for the port. 2. The aging time should be set over the hello time value, otherwise the neighbor information table of NDP [...]

Cluster Name: Displays the cluster name of this device. Role: Displays the role this device plays in the cluster .  Commander: Indicates the dev ice that can configure and manage all the devices in a cluster .  Member: Indicates the device that is managed in a cluster .  Candidate: Indicates the devic e that does not belong to any cluster [...]

Figure 13-7 NTDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Global Config NTDP: Displays the NTDP st atus (enabled or disabled) of the switch globally . NTDP Interval T ime: Displays the interval to co llect topology information. NTDP Hop s: Displays the hop count the switch topology collects. NTDP Hop Delay: Displays the time [...]

Figure 13-8 NTDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Global Config NTDP: Select Enable/Disable NTDP for the switch globally . NTDP Interval T ime: Enter the interval to collect topol ogy information. The default is 1 minute. NTDP Hop s: Enter the hop count the switch topology collects. The default is 3 hops. NTDP Hop Dela[...]

Enable: Click the Enable button to enable NTDP feature for the port you select. Disable: Click the Disable button to disable NTDP feature for the port you select. Note: NTDP function is ef fective only when NTDP f unction is enabled globally and for the port. 13.3 Cluster A commander switch can recognize and add the candi date switch to a cluste r [...]

Figure 13-10 Cluster Summary for Member Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabl ed or disabled) of the switch. Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster . Cluster Name: Displays the name of the current cluster the switch belongs to. Commander MAC:[...]

Figure 13-12 Cluster Configur ation for Candi date Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Current Role Role: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster .  Role Change Individual: Select this o ption to change the role of the switch to be individual switch.  For a member switch, the following page is disp[...]

Figure 13-14 Cluster Configurat ion for Individual Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Current Role Role: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster .  Role Change Candidate: Select this option to change the role of the switch to be candidate switch. 13.4 Application Example for Cluster Function  Netw[...]

Figure 13-15 Network diag ram  Configuration Procedure  Configure the member switch Ste p Operation Description 1 Enable NDP function on the switch and for port 1 On Cluster → NDP → NDP Config page, enable NDP function. 2 Enable NT DP function on the switch and for port 1 On Cluster → NTDP → N TDP Config p age, enable NTDP function. ?[...]

4 Configure the member switch On Cluster → Cluster → Member Config page, select the member switch and click the Manage button to log on to its W eb management page. Or On Cluster → Cluster → Cluster T opology page, double-click the switch icon to view its detailed information; click the switch icon and click the Manage button to log on to t[...]

Chapter 14 Maintenance Maintenance module, assembling the commonly used system tools to manage the switch, provides the convenient method to locate and solve the network problem. （ 1 ） System Monitor: Monitor the utilization stat us of the memory and the CPU of switch. （ 2 ） Log: View the configuration parameters of t he switch and find out[...]

Figure 14-1 CPU Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its CPU utilization rate every four seconds. 14.1.2 Memor y Monitor Choose the menu Maintenance → S ystem Monitor → Memory Monitor to load the following page. 203[...]

Figure 14-2 Memory Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its Memory utilization rate every four seconds. 14.2 Log The Log system of switch can re cord, classify and manage the syst em information effectively , providing powerful support for networ k administrator to monito r network operation and diagnose malf[...]

The Log function is implemented on the Log T able , Local Lo g , Remote Log and Backup Log pages. 14.2.1 Log T able The switch supports logs output to two directions , namely , log buf fer and log file. The information in log buffer will be lost af ter the switch is reboot ed or powered off whereas the information in log file will be kept ef fectiv[...]

14.2.2 Local Log Local Log is the log information saved in switch. By default, all system logs are saved in log buffer and the logs with severities from level_0 to level _4 are saved in log file meanwhile. On this page, you can set the output channel for logs. Choose the menu Maintenance → Log → Local Log to load the following page. Figure 14-4[...]

Figure 14-5 Log Host The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Log Host Index: Displays the index of the log host. The switch supports 4 log hosts. Host IP: Configur e the IP for the log host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used for receiving/sending log information. Here we use the standard port 514. Severity: Specify the severity l[...]

The following entry is displayed on this screen:  Backup Log Backup Log: Click the Backup Log button to save the log as a file to your computer . Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the l og file. Please wait without any operation. 14.3 Device Diagnose This switch provides Cable T est and Loopback functions for device diagnose. 14.3.1 Cab[...]

Note: 1. The Length displayed here is the length of pair cable not that of the physical cable. 2. The test result is just for your reference. 14.3.2 Loopback Loopback test function, looping the sender and the receiver of the si gnal, is used to test whether the port of the switch is available as well as to check and analyze the physical connection [...]

Choose the menu Maintenance → Ne tw ork Diagnose → Ping to load the following page. Figure 14-9 Ping The following entries are displayed on this screen:  Ping Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination node for Ping test. Ping Times: Enter the amount of times to send test data during Ping testing. The default value is rec[...]

Figure 14-10 T racert The following entries are displayed on this screen:  T racert Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination device. Max Hop: S pecify the maximum number of t he route hops the test data can p ass through. Return to CONTENTS 21 1[...]

Appendix A: Specifications IEEE802.3 10Base-T Ethernet IEEE802.3u 100Base-TX/100Bas e-FX Fast Ethernet IEEE802.3ab 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet IEEE802.3z 1000Base- X Gigabit Ethernet IEEE802.3x Flow Control IEEE802.1p Priority IEEE802.1q VLAN Bridge Standards IEEE802.1X Port-based Access Authentication Ethernet: 10Mbps HD ， 20Mbps FD Fast Etherne[...]

Appendix B: Configuring the PCs In this section, we’ll introduce how to install and configure the TCP/IP correctly in Windows 2000. First make sure your Ethernet Adapter is work ing, refer to the adapter ’s manual if necessary . 1) On the Windows taskbar , click the Start button, and then click Control Panel . 2) Click the Net w ork and Interne[...]

Figure B-2 5) The following TCP/IP Properties window will display and the I P Address t ab is open on this window by default. 214[...]

215 Figure B-3 6) Select Use the following IP address . And the following items will be available. If the switch's IP address is 192.168.0.1, specify IP address as 192.168.0. x (x is from 2 to 254), and the Subnet mask as 255.255.255.0. Now: Click OK to save your settings. Return to CONTENTS[...]

Appendix C: Load Sof tware using FTP If there is something wrong with the firmware of the switch and the swit ch cannot be launched, you can load firmware to the switch via FTP function. FTP (File Transfe r Protocol), a protocol in the application layer, is mainly used to transfer files between the remote server and the local PCs. It is a common pr[...]

Figure C-2 Open Hyper T erminal 2 ） The Connection Description Window will prompt shown as Figure C-3. Enter a name into the Name field and click OK . Figure C-3 Connection Description 3 ） Select the port to connect in the following figure and then click OK . 217[...]

Figure C-4 Select the port to connect 4 ） Configure the port selected in the step abov e shown as the following figur e. Configure Bit s per second as 38400, Data bit s as 8, Parity as None, S top bits as 1, Flo w control as None, and then click OK . Figure C-5 Port Settings 3. Download Firmware via bootUtil menu T o download firmware to the swit[...]

Figure C-6 bootUtil Menu As the prompt is displayed for a short time, you are suggested not to release the CTRL-B key until you enter into bootUtil menu after powering on the switch. 3 ） After entering into bootUtil menu, please firstly confi gure the IP parameters of the switch. The format is: ifconfig ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xx x mask 255.255.255.0 gate[...]

[TP-LINK] : start St art . . . . . . . . . .  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * User Access Login * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * User : Return to CONTENTS 220[...]

Appendix D: 802.1X Client Sof tware In 802.1X mechanism, the supplicant Client s hould be equipped with the corresponding client software complied with 802.1X protocol st andar d for 802.1X authenticati on. When the switch TL-SG3216 works as the authenticator system, please ta ke the following instructions to inst all the TpSupplicant provided on t[...]

Figure D-3 Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard 4) T o continue, choose the destination location for the installation files and click Next on the following screen. Figure D-4 Choose De stination Location By default, the installation files are saved on t he Program Files folder of system disk. Click the Change button to modify the destinati on locati[...]

Figure D-5 Install the Program 6) The Inst allShield Wizard is installing TpSupplicant-V2.0 shown as the following screen. Please wait. Figure D-6 Setup S tatus 7) On the following screen, click Finish to complete the installation. 223[...]

Figure D-7 InstallShield Wizard Complete Note: Please pay attention to the ti ps on the above screen. If you have not installed WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version on your computer , the 802.1X Client Softwa re TpSupplicant can not work. It’ s recommended to go to http://www .win pcap.org to download the latest version of WinPcap for installation[...]

Figure D-9 Preparing Setup 3) On the continued screen, click Ye s to remove the application from your PC. Figure D-10 Uninstall the Application 4) Click Finish to complete. Figure D-1 1 Uninstall Complete 3. Configuration 1) After completing inst allation, double click the icon to run the TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software. Th e following screen will a[...]

Figure D-12 TP-LINK 802.1X Client Enter the Name and the Password specified in the Authentic ation Server . The length of Name and Password should be less than 15 characters. 2) Click the Properties button on Figure D-12 to load the followi ng screen for configuring the connection properties. Figure D-13 Connection Properties Send 802.1X protocol p[...]

3) T o continue, click Connect button after entering the Name and Passw ord on Figure D-12. Then the following screen will appear to prompt that the Radius server is being searched. Figure D-14 Authentication Dialog 4) When passing the authentication, the following screen will appear . Figure D-15 Successfully Authenticated 5) Double click the icon[...]

228 A1: It’s because the supported DLL file is missing. Y ou are suggested to go to http://www .winpcap.org to download WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version f or installation, and run the client software again. Q2: Is this TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software compliable with the switches of the other manufacturers? A2: No. This TP-LINK 802.1X Client Sof[...]

Appendix E: Glossary Access Control List (ACL) ACLs can limit network traffic and restrict access to certain users or devices by checking each packet for certain IP or MAC (i.e., Layer 2) information. Boot Protocol (BOOTP) BOOTP is used to provide bootup informat ion for netwo rk devices, including IP address information, the address of the TFTP se[...]

Generic Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) GMRP allows network devices to register end stations with multic ast groups. GMRP requires that any pa rticipating network devic es or end stations comply with the IEEE 802.1p standard. Group Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) See Generic Attribute Registration Protocol. IEEE 802.1D Specifies a gen[...]

Layer 2 Data Link la yer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Commun ica tions Protocol. This is related directly to the hardware interface for network devices and passes on traffic based on MAC addresses. Link Aggregation See Port Trunk. Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) Allows ports to automatically negotiate a tr unked link with LACP-c onfigured ports[...]

232 Secure Shell (SSH) A secure replacement for remote access functi ons, including Telnet. SSH can authenticate users with a cryptographic key, and encrypt data c onne ctions between manage ment clients and the switch. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The application protocol in the Internet suit e of protocols which o ffers network manag[...]