3Com 3016 (3C13616) инструкция обслуживания

http://www.3com.com/ Router 3000 Family Installation Guide Router 3012 (3 C13612) Router 3013 (3 C13613) Router 3015 (3 C13615) Router 3016 (3 C13616) Router 3018 (3 C13618) Part No. 10014206 Published March 2004[...]

3Com Corporation 350 Campus Drive Marlbor ough, MA 01752-3064 Copyright © 2004, 3Com C orporation. All rights reserv ed. No part of this documentation m ay be repr oduced in any form or by any means or used to make any deri vative work (such as translat ion, transformation, or adaptation) without written perm ission fr om 3Com Corporation. 3Com Co[...]

C ONTENTS A BOUT T HIS G UIDE Conventions 5 I NTRODUCING THE R OUTER 3000 F AMILY Router 301 2 7 Router 3013 and Ro uter 3015 10 Router 3016 and Ro uter 3018 14 I NSTALLING THE R OUTER Pr eparing to Insta ll the Ro uter 19 Mounting the Router on a V ertical Surface 22 Installing the Rout er on a Workbench 23 Connecting the Pr ot ection Gr ound Wire[...]

O PTIONAL C ABLE S PECIFICATIONS Console Cable 51 AUX Cable 51 Ethernet Ca ble 52 Serial Por t Cable 53 T1 Cable 63 ISDN BRI Cables 63 O BTAINING S UPPORT FOR YOUR R OUTER Register Y our Product to Gain Service Benefits 65 Purch ase V alue-Added Services 65 T roubleshoot Online 65 Access Softwa re Downloads 65 Contact Us 66 T elephone T echnical Su[...]

Convention s 5 A BOUT T HIS G UIDE This guide describes the 3Com ® Router 3000 Family of routers and how to install hardwar e, configure and boot software, and maintain software and hard ware. This guide also pr ovides troubleshooting and support information for you r router . This guide is intended for the system or network administrator who is r[...]

6 C HAPTER : A BOUT T HIS G UIDE Words in italics Italics are used to: Emphasize a point. Denote a new term at the place where it is defined in the text. Identify menu names, menu commands, and software button names. Examples: Fr om the Help menu, select Contents . Click OK . Words in bold Bold face type is used to highlight co mmand names. For exa[...]

1 I NTR ODUCING THE R OUTER 3000 F AMILY Routers in t he 3Com ® Router 3000 Family pr ovides the following types of ports: ■ Ethernet port ■ Synchronous/asynchr onous serial port ■ Auxiliary (AUX) port ■ ISDN BRI S/T and U port ■ CT1/PRI port ■ E1/CE1/PRI port These featur es allow you to combine the various networking technologies, su[...]

8 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCING THE R OUTER 3000 F AMILY Figure 2 illustrates the back panel of the Router 3012. Figure 2 Back Panel of the Router 3012 System Specifications Ta b l e 3 lists system specifications for the Router 3012. LEDs Ta b l e 4 lists and describes the LEDs on the front panel of the Router 3012. Power switch Power input socket Conso[...]

Router 3012 9 Port Attributes The Router 3012 provides a console port, an AUX port, a 10/100M Ethernet port and a synchronous/asynchr onous serial po rt. The attributes of these ports are described in the following section s. Console Port Ta b l e 5 lists attributes of the console port. AUX Port Ta b l e 6 lists attributes of the AUX por t . SERIAL[...]

10 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCING THE R OUTER 3000 F AMILY Etherne t Port Ta b l e 7 lists attributes of the Ether net port. Synchronous/Asynchr onous Serial Port Ta b l e 8 lists attributes of the serial port. Router 3013 and Router 3015 The Router 3013 and Router 30 15 offer ISDN BRI support. The Router 3013 has an ISDN BRI S/T port and the Router 3015[...]

Router 3013 and Router 3015 11 Figure 3 Router 3013 and Router 3015 Figure 4 illustrates the back panel of the Router 3013 and 3015. Figure 4 Back Panel of the Router 3013 and Router 3015 System Specifications Ta b l e 9 lists system specificat ions for the Router 3013 and Router 3015. Power LED 100M Ethernet LED Serial LED BRI LED AUX LED System L[...]

12 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCING THE R OUTER 3000 F AMILY LEDs Ta b l e 10 lists and describes the LEDs on th e fr ont panel of the Router 3013 and Router 3015. Port Attributes The Router 3013 provides a console port, an AUX port, a 10/100M Ether net port, a synchronous/asynchronous serial port, and an ISDN S/T port. The Router 3015 provides a console p[...]

Router 3013 and Router 3015 13 AUX Port Ta b l e 12 lists attributes of the AUX por t . Ether net Port Ta b l e 13 lists attributes of the Ethernet port. Synchronous/Asynchr onous Serial Port Ta b l e 14 lists attributes of the serial port. Ta b l e 12 Attributes of the AUX Port Attribute Description Connector RJ-45 Port standard Asynchronou s EIA/[...]

14 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCING THE R OUTER 3000 F AMILY ISDN S/T and ISDN U Ports Ta b l e 15 lists attributes of the ISDN S/T and ISDN U ports. Router 3016 and Router 3018 Figure 5 illustrates the Router 3016. Figure 5 Router 3016 Figure 6 illustrates the back panel of the Router 3016. Protoc ols PPP MP LAPB (Link Access Protocol-Balanced) HDLC (High[...]

Router 3016 and Router 3018 15 Figure 6 Back Panel of the Router 3016 Figure 7 illustrates the Router 3018. Figure 7 Router 3018 Figure 8 illustrates the back panel of the Router 3018. Figure 8 Back Panel of the Router 3018 System Specifications Ta b l e 16 lists system specifications for the Ro uter 3016 and Router 3018. OFF ON CON AUX 100METH CT1[...]

16 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCING THE R OUTER 3000 F AMILY LEDs Ta b l e 17 lists and describes the LEDs on the Router 3016 and Router 3018. Port Attributes The Router 3016 provides a console port, an AUX port, a 10/100 Mbps Ethernet port, and a CT1/PRI port. The Router 3018 provides a console port, an AUX port, a 10/100 Mbps Ethernet port, and a E1/CE1/[...]

Router 3016 and Router 3018 17 AUX Port Ta b l e 19 lists attributes of the AUX por t . Ether net Port Ta b l e 20 lists attributes of the Ethernet port. CT1/PRI and E1/CE1/PRI Ports Ta b l e 21 lists attributes of the CT1/PRI and and E1/CE1/PRI ports. Baud rate 9.6 to 115.2 kbps (the default is 9.6 kbps) Services Connects with character terminal C[...]

18 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCING THE R OUTER 3000 F AMILY Operating mode Channelized T1 Fractional T1 ISDN PRI E1 Channelized E1 Fractional E1 ISDN PRI Services Backup Terminal access ISDN Protoc ols PPP MP HDLC LAPB X.25 (ITU-T X series Recommendations) Frame Relay Q.921 Q.931 Q.SIG T able 21 Attributes of the CT1/PRI Port (continued) Attribute CT1/PRI[...]

2 I NSTALLING THE R OUTER There ar e two ways you can install your router: ■ On a vertical surface ■ On a workbench The following sections describe how to prepar e and install your router: ■ Preparing to Install the Router ■ Mounting the Router on a V ertical Surface ■ Installing the Router on a Workbench ■ Connecting the Protection Gro[...]

20 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLING THE R OUTER ■ During the installation, wear an ESD (Ele ctr o-Static Discharge) pr eventive wrist strap and ESD-preventive gloves. See “Static Electricity” on page 20 for additional informatio n on ESD prevention. 3Com r ecommends that you use an unint errupted power supply (UPS) with your router . General Site Requ[...]

Preparing to Install the Router 21 ■ The equipment room is dust-proof ■ Adequate temper ature and humidity conditions prevail ■ The operator wears the ESD-pr eventive wr ist strap, ESD-preventive gloves and ESD-preventive clothes while handling the circuit board. ■ The dismantled circuit boar d is placed upwar d on the ESD preventive workbe[...]

22 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLING THE R OUTER ■ Ether net cable ■ Console cable ■ AUX cable ■ Power supply , power cord, and chassis ground wir e ■ Equipm ent A router Ethern et 10/100BASE-T Hub or LAN s witch Channel service unit/data se rvice unit (CSU/DSU) or other data co mmunications equipm ent (DCE) equ ipment (suc h as a modem) Configurat[...]

Installing the Router on a Workbench 23 Figure 10 Mounting the Router on a V ertical Surface Installing the Router on a Workbench Y ou can install any Router 3000 on a workben ch. T o install the router on a workbench, take the f ollowing precautions: ■ Ensure that the work bench is smooth and stable. ■ Leave a heat-dissipation clearance of 10 [...]

24 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLING THE R OUTER If you repeat this pr ocedure several times and the POWER LED r emains of f, see “The Power LED is Off.” on page 49 . Figure 12 illustrates the power supply . Figure 12 Router 3000 Power Supply Connecting the Router to the Console Te r m i n a l The Router 3000 provides a console port, thr ough which you c[...]

Connecting the Router to the WAN 25 T o connect the Ether net cable: 1 T ur n off power to the r outer . 2 Select the Ether net cable. When connecting the router with a PC or a router , use the crossover network cable. When connecting the router to a hub or a LAN switch, use the straight-through network cable. 3 Connect one end of the Ethern et cab[...]

26 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLING THE R OUTER Nine types of serial port cables are ava ilable. Howe ver , these cables are optional and you must select the pr oper one based on your requirements when you purchase the r outer . All these types of cables have a DB-50 adapter at the r o uter end. For pinout details o f the serial port cables, see Appendix A.[...]

Verifying the Installation 27 Connecting to the ISDN BRI Port The Router 3013 router has an ISDN S/T port and the Router 3015 r out er has an ISDN U port. These routers perform data transfer in 2B+D mode and support both ISDN dial-up and leased line. Se e Ta b l e 15 on page 14 for the ISDN port attributes. The ISDN S/T cable is a 4-core twisted pa[...]

28 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLING THE R OUTER[...]

3 B OOTING AND C ONFIGURING THE R OUTER During the init ial configura tion of the route r , you can use only the console or AUX port. This chapter describes how to connect the router to a local or r e mote console terminal and how to set pa rameters at the console terminal. Connecting the Router to a Local Console Te r m i n a l T o set up the loca[...]

30 C HAPTER 3: B OOTING AND C ONFIGURI NG THE R OUTER Figure 14 Connection Description Dialog Box 2 Enter the name of the new connection in the Name field and click OK. The Connect T o dialog box, shown in Figure 15 displays. Figure 15 Connect T o Dialog Box 3 Select the serial port fo r th e connection from the Connect using dropdown menu and clic[...]

Setting the Parameters of the Console Terminal 31 Figure 16 Con ne ction Pr operties Dialog Box 4 Set the following parameters: Bits per second — 9600 Data bits — 8 Parity — None Stop bits — 1 Flow control — None. 5 Click OK. The HyperT erminal dialog box displays, as shown in Figure 17 .[...]

32 C HAPTER 3: B OOTING AND C ONFIGURI NG THE R OUTER Figure 17 HyperT erminal W indow 6 Select Prop erties . The Propert ies dialog box for your connection displays. 7 Click the Settings tab, shown in Figur e 18 . Figure 18 Settings T ab 8 In the Emulation dropdown menu, select VT100 or Auto detect . Click OK .[...]

Powering on the Router 33 Powering on the Router Before you power on the router , verify that: ■ The connection between the power cord and ground wir e is secure ■ The voltage of the power sup ply complies with the requir eme nt of the router ■ The console cable is correctly connected to either the PC or t he terminal, and that the parameters[...]

34 C HAPTER 3: B OOTING AND C ONFIGURI NG THE R OUTER * 3Com Router Boot Rom, V4. 60 ********************************** ********** Copyright(C) 2002-2005 by 3Com Cor poration, Inc. Compiled at 20:46:59 , Jul 25 20 03. Now testing memory...OK 64M bytes SDRAM 8192k bytes flash memory Hardware Version is MTR 0.1 CPLD Version is CPLD 1.0 Bootrom Versio[...]

Configuration Fundamentals of the Router 35 3 Configure the W AN port of the router: ■ Configure the physical operating parameters (the opera ting mode of the serial port, baud rate, and synchronous clock) of the port accor din g to the transmission medium of the WAN. For the dial-up port, you n eed to configure DDR parame ters. ■ Configure the[...]

36 C HAPTER 3: B OOTING AND C ONFIGURI NG THE R OUTER ■ Provides network diagnostic tools, such as T racert and Ping, to quickly diagnose the availability of the network. ■ Provides detailed debugging information to diagnose network faults. ■ The command line interpreter adopts fuzzy sear ch for the keywords of the command. A conflict-free ke[...]

4 M AINTAINING THE R OUTER Softwar e Maintenance The Router 3000 supports three types of software file: ■ BootROM program files ■ Application files ■ Configuration files This chapter describes the configuration methods you can use to upgrade, upload and download configuration files and app lication files, an d manage the BootROM passwor d. Ac[...]

38 C HAPTER 4: M AINTAINING THE R OUTER Enter the Boot R OM password, if there is one, and pr ess Enter . The Boot menu displays: Boot Menu: 1: Download application program wi th XMODEM 2: Download application program wi th TFTP 3: Clear application password 4: Clear configuration 5: Start up and ignore console configuration 6: Download Boot ROM AL[...]

Software Maintenance 39 7 Select Browse in the Send File dialog box, shown in Figure 20 , and select the application you want to download. Figure 20 Send File Dialo g Box 8 In the Protocol dropdown menu, select Xmodem . 9 Click Send . The system displays the Xmodem file send dialog box, shown in Figure 21 . Figure 21 Xmodem File Send Dialog Bo x Af[...]

40 C HAPTER 4: M AINTAINING THE R OUTER 10 Restore the baud rate of the console terminal to 9600bps and repeat t he disconnection and reconn ection of the terminal. Downloading BootROM with the Xmodem Protocol T o upgr ade the Boot ROM by using Xmodem: 1 Power on the router start the POST , and press Ctrl+B within 5 seconds of the prompt that tells[...]

Software Maintenance 41 7 Depending on your TF TP server interface, click on the appropriate icon or button, to set the path for the application on your system. Configuring the Router 1 Enter the TF TP configuration status. 2 Boot the router and press N immediately when Booting displays on the screen. The following information displays on the termi[...]

42 C HAPTER 4: M AINTAINING THE R OUTER Upgrading the Application T o upgrade the application: 1 Boot the system normally . 2 Press Ctrl+B within 5 seconds of the prompt that tells you to do so. 3 Enter the BootROM password, if necessary . 4 Enter 2 at the Boot menu, to select Do wnload the Application Pro gram Through TF TP . The following informa[...]

Software Maintenance 43 The IP addresses of the PC network port an d of the router’ s Et hernet por t must be on the same segment. 4 Copy the application program files to a path, the default is C:version. Creating a Remote F TP Upload/Download Configuration Figure 24 illustrates a remote F TP upload/download configuration Figure 24 Cr eating a R[...]

44 C HAPTER 4: M AINTAINING THE R OUTER 220 FTP server ready on R3000 at User(10.110.10.10:(none)): 3 Use the username and password that have already been set on the r outer to log on to the F TP ser ver . User(10.110.10.10:(none)): user 331 Password required for ftp Password: 230 User ftp logged in ftp> The appear ance of the ftp> prompt ind[...]

Software Maintenance 45 In this example, user indicates the user name, 123 indicates t he new user passwor d. [R3000] quit [R3000] save 6 Execute the save command after modifying the user password to save the change. [R3000] quit [R3000] save If the Boot ROM password for the router is lost, contact your Service rep re s en t at i v e.[...]

46 C HAPTER 4: M AINTAINING THE R OUTER Maintaining Router H ard w a re In preparation for the maintenance of your r out er hardwar e, have the following tools: ■ Phillips screwdriver ■ ESD-preventive wrist strap and ESD-preventive glove ■ Static shielding bag ■ Chip extractor CAUTION: Observe the follow ing precautions when maintaining yo [...]

Maintaining Router Hardware 47 Replacing the Boot ROM When a Boot ROM is damaged or when data becomes corrupted because of a software failur e an d cannot be corrected, the Boot ROM should be r e placed. Router 3000 Boot ROMs are located at the same p osition on the mainb oard, as shown in Figure 26 . Figure 26 Boot ROM Location CAUTION: Use a chip[...]

48 C HAPTER 4: M AINTAINING THE R OUTER[...]

5 T R OUBLESHOOTING The Power LED is Of f. If the power LED is off, verify that: ■ The power switch of the router is tur ned on. ■ The power supply sw itch is tur ned on. ■ The power cord of the router is connected properly . ■ The power supply su its the requir e ment of the router . CAUTION: Do not plug in or unplug t he power cord when t[...]

50 C HAPTER 5: T ROUBLESHOOTING Illegible Characters Display on the T erminal after Power -On If the system operates normally after the system runs the POST , the start-up information is displayed on the console term inal. If the configu ration system has a fault, the terminal may disp lay only illegibl e characters. If the console terminal display[...]

A O PTIONAL C ABLE S PECIFICATIONS The tables in this appendix describe the pinouts for the cables that you can use with Router 3000 ser ies routers. P ins that are not described in the following tables are not connected. Console Cable Figure 27 illustrates the console cable. Figure 27 Con sole Cable Asse mbly Ta b l e 25 describes the console cabl[...]

52 C HAPTER A: O PTIONAL C ABLE S PECIFICATIONS Figure 28 illustrates the AUX cable. Figure 28 AUX Cable Assembly Ta b l e 26 describes the AUX cable pinouts. Ethernet Cable The Ethernet cable us es an RJ-45 co nnector and category 5 twist ed pair cable. The Router 3000 series routers provide a fixed 10/100BASE-TX fast Ethernet port that uses categ[...]

Serial Port Cable 53 LAN Switch. St raight-through network ca bles are delivered along with the rou t e r . ■ Crossover network cable — The sequen ce s of the wires crimped at the RJ-45 connectors of the two ends are dif feren t. The cable is used in the connection between the terminal device, such as a PC or a router , and another terminal dev[...]

54 C HAPTER A: O PTIONAL C ABLE S PECIFICATIONS Synchr onous and Asynchronous mode V .35 and V .24 (EIA/TIA-232) stan dard s support synchronous operating mode, while only V .24 (EIA/TIA-232) standard supports the asynchronous operating mode. The maximum transmission distance and baud rate of the signal vary with the operat ing mode. See Ta b l e 2[...]

Serial Port Cable 55 Figure 30 V .24 DTE Cable Assembly Ta b l e 31 describes V .24 (EIA/TIA -232) DTE cable pinouts. V .24 EIA/TIA-23 2 DCE Cable Pinouts Figure 31 illustrates the V .24 DCE cable. Figure 31 V .24 DCE Cable Assem bly Ta b l e 32 describes V .24 (EIA/TIA-232) DCE cable pinouts. Ta b l e 31 V .24 (EIA/TIA-232) DTE Cable Pinout DB-50 [...]

56 C HAPTER A: O PTIONAL C ABLE S PECIFICATIONS 27 RxD/TxD <— 2 TxD 2 RTS/CTS —> 5 CTS 31 CTS/RTS <— 4 RTS 26 DTR/DSR —> 6 DSR 1 LL/DCD —> 8 DCD 4 TxCE/TxC —> 15 TxC 29 NIL/RxC —> 17 RxC 30 DCD/LL <— 18 LTST 6 DSR/DTR <— 20 DTR 28 RxC/TxCE <— 24 TxCE 50 GND - 1 Shield_GND 7 GND - 7 Circui t_GND T ab[...]

Serial Port Cable 57 V .35 DTE Cable Pinouts Figure 32 illustrates the V .35 DTE cable. Figure 32 V .35 DTE Cable Assembly Ta b l e 33 describes V .35 DTE cable pinou t s. V .35 DCE Cable Pinouts Figure 33 illustrates the V .35 DCE cable. Ta b l e 33 V .35 DTE Cable Pinouts DB-50 Signal Sign al Direction 34PIN Signal 2 RTS/CTS —> C RTS 31 CTS/[...]

58 C HAPTER A: O PTIONAL C ABLE S PECIFICATIONS Figure 33 V .35 DCE Cable Assembly Ta b l e 34 describes V .35 DCE cable pinouts. X.21 DTE Cable Pinouts Figure 34 illustrates the X.21 DTE cable. Ta b l e 34 V .35 DCE cable Pinouts DB-50 Signal Signal Direction 34PIN Signal 31 CTS/RTS <— C RTS 2 RTS/CTS —> D CTS 26 DTR/DSR —> E DSR 1 [...]

Serial Port Cable 59 Figure 34 X.21 DTE Cable Assembly Ta b l e 35 describes X.21 DTE cable pinouts. X.21 DCE Cable Pinouts Figure 35 illustrates the X.21 DCE cable. Figure 35 X.21 DCE Cable Assembly Ta b l e 36 describes X.21 DCE cable pinouts. Ta b l e 35 X.21 DTE Cable Pinouts DB50 Signal Signal Direction Signal DB15 7 GND <--> Circuit GND[...]

60 C HAPTER A: O PTIONAL C ABLE S PECIFICATIONS EIA/TIA-449 DTE Cable Pinouts Figure 36 illustrates the EI A/TIA-449 DTE cable. Figure 36 EIA/TIA-449 DTE Cable Assembly Ta b l e 37 describes EIA/TIA-449 DTE cable pinouts. 14 CTS/RTS- <- Control- 10 20 RXD/TXD+ <- Transmit+ 2 44 RXD/TXD- <- Transmit- 9 15 TXD/RXD+ -> Receiver+ 4 39 TXD/R[...]

Serial Port Cable 61 EIA/TIA-449 DCE Cable Pinouts Figure 37 illustrates the EIA/TIA-449 DCE cable. Figure 37 EIA/TIA-449 DCE Cable Assembly Ta b l e 38 describes EIA/TIA-449 DCE cable pinouts. 40 TXCE/RXC- -> TT- 35 19 RXC/TXCE+ <- RT+ 8 43 RXC/TXCE- <- RT- 26 18 TXC/NIL+ <- ST+ 5 42 TXC/NIL- <- ST- 23 - Shielding sheath <--> [...]

62 C HAPTER A: O PTIONAL C ABLE S PECIFICATIONS EIA-530 DTE Cable Pinouts Figure 38 illustrates the EIA-530 DTE cable. Figure 38 EIA-530 DTE Cable Assembly Ta b l e 39 describes EIA-530 DTE cable p inouts. 41 NIL/TXC- <- ST- 23 - Shielding sheath <--> Shielding sheath - T able 38 EIA/TIA-449 DCE Cable Pinouts (continued) DB50 Signal Signal[...]

T1 Cable 63 T1 Cable Figure 39 illustrates the T1 cable. Figure 39 T1 Cable Ta b l e 40 describes T1 cable pinouts. ISDN BRI Cables Figure 40 illustrates the the ISDN S/T Port cable. Figure 40 ISDN S/T Port Cable Ta b l e 41 describes ISDN S/ T port cable pinouts. Figure 41 illustrates the ISDN U port cable. Ta b l e 40 T1 Cable Pinouts RJ-45 Strai[...]

64 C HAPTER A: O PTIONAL C ABLE S PECIFICATIONS Figure 41 ISDN U Port Cable Ta b l e 42 describes ISDN U p ort cable pinouts. Ta b l e 42 ISDN U Port Cable Pinouts RJ-45 Signal 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Ring 5 Tip 6 - 7 - 8 -[...]

B O BTAINING S UPPORT FOR YOUR R OUTER Register Y our Product to Gain Service Benefits T o take advantage of warranty and other se rvice benefits, you must first register your product at http://eSupport.3com.com/ . 3Com eSupport services ar e based on accounts that you create or have author ization to access. First time users must apply for a user [...]

66 A PPENDIX B: O BTAINING S UPPORT FOR YO UR R OUTER Software Upgrades ar e the software re leases that follow the software version included with your original product. In order to access upgrades and r elated documentation you must first pu rchase a s ervice contract from 3Com or your res e ll e r . Contact Us 3Com offers telephone, e-mail and in[...]

Telephone Technical Support and Repair 67 From anywhere in these regions, call: +44 (0)1442 435529 From the following countries, you may u se the numbers s hown: Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Hungary Ireland Israel Italy 01 7956 7 124 070 700 770 7010 7289 01080 2783 0825 809 622 01805 404 747 06800 12813 01407 3387 1800 945 3794 1[...]

68 A PPENDIX B: O BTAINING S UPPORT FOR YO UR R OUTER[...]