Extreme Networks Px Series инструкция обслуживания

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Хорошее руководство по эксплуатации

Законодательство обязывает продавца передать покупателю, вместе с товаром, руководство по эксплуатации Extreme Networks Px Series. Отсутствие инструкции либо неправильная информация, переданная потребителю, составляют основание для рекламации в связи с несоответствием устройства с договором. В законодательстве допускается предоставлении руководства в другой, чем бумажная форме, что, в последнее время, часто используется, предоставляя графическую или электронную форму инструкции Extreme Networks Px Series или обучающее видео для пользователей. Условием остается четкая и понятная форма.

Что такое руководство?

Слово происходит от латинского "instructio", тоесть привести в порядок. Следовательно в инструкции Extreme Networks Px Series можно найти описание этапов поведения. Цель инструкции заключается в облегчении запуска, использования оборудования либо выполнения определенной деятельности. Инструкция является набором информации о предмете/услуге, подсказкой.

К сожалению немного пользователей находит время для чтения инструкций Extreme Networks Px Series, и хорошая инструкция позволяет не только узнать ряд дополнительных функций приобретенного устройства, но и позволяет избежать возникновения большинства поломок.

Из чего должно состоять идеальное руководство по эксплуатации?

Прежде всего в инструкции Extreme Networks Px Series должна находится:
- информация относительно технических данных устройства Extreme Networks Px Series
- название производителя и год производства оборудования Extreme Networks Px Series
- правила обслуживания, настройки и ухода за оборудованием Extreme Networks Px Series
- знаки безопасности и сертификаты, подтверждающие соответствие стандартам

Почему мы не читаем инструкций?

Как правило из-за нехватки времени и уверенности в отдельных функциональностях приобретенных устройств. К сожалению само подсоединение и запуск Extreme Networks Px Series это слишком мало. Инструкция заключает ряд отдельных указаний, касающихся функциональности, принципов безопасности, способов ухода (даже то, какие средства стоит использовать), возможных поломок Extreme Networks Px Series и способов решения проблем, возникающих во время использования. И наконец то, в инструкции можно найти адресные данные сайта Extreme Networks, в случае отсутствия эффективности предлагаемых решений. Сейчас очень большой популярностью пользуются инструкции в форме интересных анимаций или видео материалов, которое лучше, чем брошюра воспринимаются пользователем. Такой вид инструкции позволяет пользователю просмотреть весь фильм, не пропуская спецификацию и сложные технические описания Extreme Networks Px Series, как это часто бывает в случае бумажной версии.

Почему стоит читать инструкции?

Прежде всего здесь мы найдем ответы касательно конструкции, возможностей устройства Extreme Networks Px Series, использования отдельных аксессуаров и ряд информации, позволяющей вполне использовать все функции и упрощения.

После удачной покупки оборудования/устройства стоит посвятить несколько минут для ознакомления с каждой частью инструкции Extreme Networks Px Series. Сейчас их старательно готовят или переводят, чтобы они были не только понятными для пользователя, но и чтобы выполняли свою основную информационно-поддерживающую функцию.

Содержание руководства

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    Ex trem e Ne t wor ks, I nc. 3585 M onroe St reet Santa Cla ra, Cal if ornia 95 051 (888) 2 57-3000 http:/ /www .e xtremenet works.com Px Ser ies Application Switc h Installa tion and Configur ation Guid e Published: A pril 200 2 Par t number: 1 00101-00 Re v . 02[...]

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    II ©20 02 E xtrem e Ne tw orks , In c. A ll ri ghts rese rve d. E xt re me Net wor ks a nd Black Di amo nd are regi s ter ed tra d em arks of Extreme Networks , Inc. in the U nited States and certain ot her jurisdictions. Ex treme W are , Extre meW a re Vist a, Ext rem eW ork s, E xt remeA ssi st, E xtrem eA ssis t1, Ext reme Assis t2 , Part nerAs[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide iii Contents Pre face Introduction 1-vii Conventions 1-viii Related Publications 1-ix 1 Serve r Lo ad Balan cing C oncep ts Purpo se of Server L oad Balancing 1-1 Te r m s 1 - 2 Load Balancing Modes 1-3 La ye r 4 L oad Bal a nc in g 1- 3 Layer 7 Lo ad Balanc ing and Cont ent A[...]

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    iv Px Seri es Applicati on Switch Ins tallation a nd Configurati on Guide Free- Standing 2-5 Pow ering On the Su mmit Px1 2-5 Setting Up Console Communication 2-6 Configu r ing Swit ch IP Para meters 2-7 Confi guring th e 10/100 Ether n e t Manage ment Port 2-8 3 Insta llin g t he PxM Applica tio n Swit ch Mod ule Instal ling I/O Modules 3-1 Rem ov[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide v Conf igurin g a Star tup Banne r Messa ge 4-17 Star t ing th e GlobalPx Content Dir ecto r Agent 4-17 Example Configu ration 4-18 5 Co nfigur ing Se rvers an d Service s Configuring Real Servers 5-1 Conf iguring Server G roups 5-2 Conf iguri ng V irtua l Serv i c es 5-3 La y[...]

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    vi Px Seri es Applicati on Switch Ins tallation a nd Configurati on Guide Conf iguratio n Ex ampl e 7-9 8 Co nfigur ing Re dund ancy Using VRRP with the SummitPx1 8-1 Adding a n d Con f i guring V RRP s 8-2 Using VR RP in Existing R edunda nt N etworks 8-3 VRR P Automati c Synchr onizat ion 8-4 Conf iguring Redu ndan cy f or the P xM 8-6 Using E SR[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide vii Pref ace This pr eface provides an overview of this guide, desc ribes guide conventions, an d lists other p ublicatio ns that m ay be us eful. Introd uction This guide provi des the requir ed i nfo rmation to configure the Extr eme Networks Px series applicat ion switches [...]

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    viii Px Series App lication S witch Instal l ation a nd Configur ation Guid e Preface Con v entions T a ble 1 and T able 2 list c onven tions tha t are used th r o ugh out this guide. Ta b l e 1 : Notic e Ic o ns Ico n Notice Ty pe Alerts you to... Note Import ant feat ures or instruc tions . Cautio n Risk of personal injury , syst em damage, or lo[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide ix Related P ublications Re lat ed Pu b l icat i ons Th e p ublicat ions relat ed to this one a re : • ExtremeWare Soft ware User G uide • Px Series Application Switch Release N o tes Documentati on for Extrem e products is av ailable on the W orld W ide W eb at the follow[...]

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    x Px Seri es Applicati on Switch Ins tallation a nd Configurati on Guide Preface[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 1-1 1 Ser v er Load Ba lancin g Concept s The Px seri es application sw itch marks the next s tep in server load ba lancing. Using a r e volu tionary hardw ar e de sign, the Px series ap plicatio n switch is designed t o help websit e adm inistrator s achie ve levels of avai l[...]

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    1-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide The Px seri es applica t ion sw itch can examine actual user req ues t s, rather t h a n s imply forwar ding the r equests to the ser vers. Y o u c an us e t he pow erful array of t ools prov ided by the Px series ap plicatio n switch t o scal e websites by: • Creat in g[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 1-3 Load Bal ancing Modes In this document, the Inter net users are r eferred to as cli ents , because th ey are c lients of the appl ic at ion swit ch. The websit e, whic h is act ually an a ddress ins ide the a pplic ation switch , is also ca lled a virtual IP a d dress , or[...]

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    1-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 1-2: Single clien t -ser ver tr a nsacti o n using la yer 4 As soo n as th e first request f r om the client is r ec eived a t the applicatio n switc h, the applic ation switch uses the server -s elec tion policy configur ed for the VIP to select the server and imm[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 1-5 Load Bal ancing Modes ch osen to proc ess t he r equest, using a sour c e IP addre ss that is p art o f a prox y pool inside t he app licatio n switc h. After a co nnect ion is establis h ed bet ween the applicati on switch and the r eal server , t he applic ation switch f[...]

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    1-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide P o r t Re wr ite When a r equ est is s ent by a cl ient to a VIP servic e, th e request conta i ns the well-kn own port number for the r equested a p plic ation. For example, the well-known port number fo r HTTP i s po rt 80. Y ou ca n co nfig ure t he appli cation sw itc[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 1-7 Getti ng Star ted on Loa d Balancin g Configuratio n a Configu r e t he real ser vers that w ill be load ba lanced . b Creat e groups of servers, and put the r eal servers into them. c Cr eate a vir t ual se r vice. — If the vir tual service is layer 4, assign a se rver [...]

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    1-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 2-1 2 Installing the Summ itPx1 Application Swit ch Th is chapter describ es how t o install t he Sum mitP x1 configu r ation of the Px series applicat ion swit ch. It cont ains the fo llowing s ections : • Overview of the Summit Px1 Application S witch on page 2-1 • Deter[...]

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    2-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide T able 2-1 describes the LED behavior on the SummitPx1. The front p a nel of the Summit Px1 has f our ports : • G iga bi t In ter f ac e Co nn e c tor (GB IC) The Network Interface port is a G igabit Interface Connector (GBIC) used to connect the appl ication switch to y[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 2-3 Overview of the S umm itPx1 Applicati on S witch For mor e information on connecting an d configuring these ports, s ee “Setting Up Con sole C ommunica tion” on p age 2-6. Summ itPx1 Applic ation Sw itch Rea r View Figu re 2-2 sh ows the Su mmitPx1 applicatio n switch [...]

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    2-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Det er mining th e Loca tion The SummitPx1 is suited for us e in the o ffice, where i t can be fre e-s tandin g or mounted in a st andar d 19-inch equipment rack . Alternative l y , th e device can be rack-mounted i n a wirin g closet or equipment r oom. T wo m o unting br[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 2-5 P owering On th e Summi tPx1 Figu re 2-3: Fitting the mounting brack et 5 Repeat steps 2-4 fo r the other side of the devic e. 6 Inser t t he applic ation s witch int o the 19-inc h rack. E nsur e that v ent i lat ion holes ar e not obstr ucted . 7 S e c u r e t h e d e v [...]

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    2-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide If the applicat ion switch pa sses the POST , the MGMT LED blinks at a slow rat e (1 b link per seco nd). If t he applicat ion swit ch fail s the POST , the M GMT LED shows a solid yellow light. Set ti ng U p C ons o le Co mmu nica ti on T o manage the app lication sw itch[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 2-7 Setting Up Consol e Communicatio n cable with whic h to connect most PCs to this port. The console po r t setti ngs are as follows: Each inte rface has a un ique IP ad dr ess. Be fore you c an start a T elnet s essio n , y ou must set up t he IP param eters of the p ort yo[...]

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    2-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Wri ting data to Fl ash Done 4 Whe n you are fin ished using t he facili ty , log o ut of the a pplicatio n sw itch. Y ou can now acces s the Gigabit Et hernet port dir ectly via T elnet. Co nfiguri ng th e 10/10 0 Ethe rnet Ma nage ment P ort The 10/100BT Eth ernet manag [...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 3-1 3 Installing the PxM App lication Switch Mo dule Th e P xM conf iguration o f the Px series a pplica tion sw itch is a Bla ckDiam o n d module. Th e co nfiguratio n infor matio n and spe cificat ions for th e Bla ckDiamond I/O module s are describe d in d etail in the E xt[...]

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    3-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Caution : Y ou c an install I / O modules only in slots 1 through 16 in the BlackDiamon d 6816 or slots 1 through 8 in the BlackDiamond 680 8. I/O modul es do not fit in s lots A, B, C, or D . Forceful in s er tion can da m ag e the I/O m odule. 2 Attach the ESD strap that[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 3-3 Removin g I/O Modules 3 Simul taneou sly r otate th e ejector /inje ctor h andle s outw ard to disen gage th e module fr om the backplan e. 4 Sli de th e module out o f the chas sis. 5 If you ar e not going to instal l a r eplacemen t I/O module, cover the sl ot with a bl [...]

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    3-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-1 4 Managing the Swit ch Th is chapter cove rs the follo wing t opics : • Using the Command-Line Interface page 4-2 • Configu ring Mana gement A ccess on pa ge 4-4 • Managin g the PxM on page 4-7 • Configu r ing V LANs on page 4 -8 • Configu r ing SN MP on page 4 -[...]

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    4-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Us ing the C ommand -Line Int erf ace T o use t he c ommand-line interfa ce: 1 Enter the co mmand name. Y ou can use abbr eviated syntax; see below . 2 If the command includ es a parameter , enter the parameter name and va lue. The value specifi es how yo u want the parame[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-3 Using the Command -Line Inter f ac e Lin e-Edit ing K eys T ab le 4 - 2 d escribes t he line-ed iting keys available w hen using t he comm and-line interfa ce. Spe cifyin g T ext V al ue s W he n s p e c i f y i n g a t e x t v a lu e s , s u c h a s h e a l t h c h e c k [...]

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    4-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide valu e. Y ou must use quotes if the text val ue includes any non-a lphanumeric characters, su ch a s sp ac es, da she s, o r d ots . Command His tory The Px series appli cation switch keeps a history of the last 49 commands you enter ed. T o d ispl a y a l ist of the mo st[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-5 Co nfi g uring Man agement Acc ess • Admi nistrato r An adm inistra tor-level acco unt can v iew and change all s witch param eters. It can als o add and d elet e users, a nd change the pas sword a ssociate d with any ac count name . The adminis trator can d is c onnect [...]

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    4-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Cr eatin g A ccou nts The appli cation swit ch can hav e a total of 16 management accounts. Y ou c an use the default accounts ( admi n and user ), or yo u ca n create ad di tion al ac co unt s wi th n ew names and passwo rds. T o cr eate a new account, fol low these steps[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-7 Managin g the Px M Mana ging th e PxM Y ou can m anage th e PxM in any o f the foll owing ways: • Using the co nne ct command in the B lackDiamond. • Using the serial por t (useful for debugging). • Using the 101 100 port ( for out-of -band m a nagement). VLANs ar e [...]

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    4-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide S o me co mm a n d s d o n ot w or k at a ll i f t h e P xM i s n ot bo ot e d a nd r e a dy . It c an ta k e m or e tha n t wo minu te s to bo ot. T o ver ify fr om the MSM that a PxM is boo ted, use t he co mma nd s how pxm . • If the PxM is booted and r eady , the car[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-9 Co nfi guri ng S NM P T o assign a VLAN tag to a ser v ic e, us e the foll owing c ommand: conf ig serv ice vip <ip addr es s> vl an <vla n_ tag_ num ber> po rt <n um ber> prot oc ol [t cp| udp] [L 4|L7 ] s erve r- group -n ame < la bel> Con figurin[...]

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    4-10 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Configur ing DNS Client Ser v ices Th e D omain N ame Service ( DNS ) clie nt in Ext r e meW are aug ments th e follow ing commands to allow t hem to accept eit her IP addresses o r host names : • teln et • down lo ad [c onf igur at ion | im age] • uplo ad conf igu [...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-11 Usin g Secure S hell 2 (SSH2) In addition, the ns look up u t i l it y c a n b e u s e d t o r e t u r n t h e I P a d d r e s s o f a h o s t n a m e . T able 4-5 lists c ommands used to confi gure the DNS clie nt. Using Sec u re Shell 2 (SSH2) Th e Ext r em eW are Secur[...]

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    4-12 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide The Extr emeW are SS H2 switch applic ation als o works wit h S SH2 client and s erver (vers ion 2.x or later) fr om SSH Communic ation Sec urity , and the fr ee SSH2 and SCP2 implementation (v er s ion 2.5 or lat er) fr om OpenSSH. The SF TP file trans fer pr oto c ol is[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-13 Usin g Secure S hell 2 (SSH2) Y ou ar e prompted to ent er information to be used in generating the key . The key generation pro c ess takes approximately ten minutes. Once the key has been genera ted, you should save your configuration to preser ve the key . T o use a ke[...]

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    4-14 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide For example, to c opy an image file saved as image1 .xt r to swi tch with IP addr ess 10.10 .0.5 as the prima ry image using SCP2, you would en ter the fol lowing c om mand wit hin your SSH 2 session : scp i ma ge1. xtr admi n@ 10.2 0. 0.5: pri mary .i mg T o copy the con[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-15 Ut ilit ies Uti lities Th e P x series a pplic ation swi tch offers utilities f or the f ollowin g opera tions: • Che c ki ng Basi c Co n nec tivity on pag e 4-15 • Logging o n page 4-16 • Configu r ing a Startup Ba nner Me ssag e on pag e 4-17 • Star t ing th e G[...]

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    4-16 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Logg ing Th e P x series a pplicatio n swi tch sup ports two loggin g facilitie s, a local lo g and the UNIX sy slo g f acilit y for r e mot e logg ing. The app licati on switch l og tracks all configur ation and fault inform ation per tainin g to the de vice. The switc h[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-17 Ut ilit ies Con figu ring a Sta r tup Ban ne r Me ssag e T o c o nfigure a banner message to display after r eboot, use the following command: conf ig bann er At the pr o mpt, t ype the banner message. T o exit the banner input script, t ype [Ret ur n][Re tu rn] . T o v i[...]

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    4-18 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide T o start and stop the Global Px Content Direc tor agent on the Px seri es application switch , use th e f ollo wing co mmand s: enab le gslb -ag ent [ po rt <n um ber> ] disa bl e gsl b-a gent T o check o n the agent’s acti vities, use the foll owing command: sho[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-19 Exampl e Configuratio n Th e follo wing c omma nds co nfigure all sy stem - relat e d f acilities : #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - # sy stem conf igur ati on #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ----- -- [...]

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    4-20 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 5-1 5 Configur ing Ser v ers and Ser vices Th is chapter describ es how to co nfigure the rea l serve rs that will be load b alance d, how to c reat e gro u ps of servers and put the r eal server s into them, an d how to cr eate a layer 4 or laye r 7 virtua l service. It c ont[...]

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    5-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide answer r eq ues ts. Servers c an share an IP ad dress, but the port must be unique for each ser v er . • Max -conne cti ons re pr esen ts the ma xi mum numbe r of co n c urr ent co nnecti ons th is server c an handl e. After that num ber is reached, no more conne ctions [...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 5-3 Conf iguring Vir tu al S er vices a system in anot her geographical loc ation). T o specify the server of last resort, use the opt ional ser ve r-las t- reso rt argu m en t: con fig s erve r-g roup name <str ing> poli cy <p olicy spec > serv er -last -r esor t [...]

  • Страница 54

    5-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Y ou can a ssign a specific VL AN tag t o a vir tual servic e. VLAN t ags for services ar e opt ional for the Su mmit Px1, but r equir ed on th e PxM. T o assign a VLAN tag to a service, use the following command: conf ig serv ice vip <ip addr es s> vl an <vla n_ [...]

  • Страница 55

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 5-5 Conf iguring Vir tu al S er vices conf ig patt ern -rul e “ <str in g>” s er ver-g ro up-n am e <na me > Pattern rul es specify t he URL that is being matched and the ser ver group that sho uld be used to f or w ard traf fic for that URL match. conf ig doma[...]

  • Страница 56

    5-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide . Con figur ation Exam ple The example build s upon the example fro m Chapter 4 and includes confi gur ati o ns for the simp le layer 4 web se rver in f ra structure for y ourdo ma in.c om . N otic e tha t V LA Ns and the syst em-ip addr es s defin ition have be en added t[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 5-7 Configurat ion Example #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - # se rver s #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - conf ig serv er index 1 ip 64 .1. 1.50 po rt 80 ma x-co n 5 000 w [...]

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    5-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-1 6 Choosing P olicies, P ersistence Modes, and NA T Th is chapter de scribe s how to specif y schedu ling poli ces for la yer 4 loa d balanc ing, se ssion per sist ence, and netw ork addr ess tr anslatio n s . It cont ains th e fol low ing sec tions : • Scheduling Policie[...]

  • Страница 60

    6-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Th e P x series a pplicatio n swi tch sup ports the followin g s c heduling po licies : P e rsi ste nc e Mo de s Per sistenc e , also c alle d stick iness , is the mai nten anc e of a sessi on betwee n a cl ien t and a part icular w e b server . Most me dium - and large-sc[...]

  • Страница 61

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-3 P ersisten ce Modes accesses t he websit e, it opens a s ession with one of the web serv ers. T o optimize the commu nica tion an d, in many cas es, fo r th e websit e to f unction corr ect ly , each t ime th e client c ommuni c ates w ith th e websit e within the current [...]

  • Страница 62

    6-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 6-1: Client IP persistence mode Th e follo wing t ransactio ns occu r in Figu re 6-1: • The clien t with IP ad d r ess 145. 12. 1 . 1 t ransmi ts its fi rst TCP r equest to www. bu ystuf f. com at its VIP add res s, 64.1.1. 7. • Using its configured load ba lan[...]

  • Страница 63

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-5 P ersisten ce Modes Configur ing Client IP Stic kiness T o enable and disable client IP persist ence (stickiness ), use the following commands: [ena bl e | di sa ble] sti cky [ L4 | L7] cl ient -i p Clie n t I P e ntries are ag ed out of the databas e in a conf igurable am[...]

  • Страница 64

    6-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 6-2: Self-identifying c ookie pe r sist ence mod e Th e follo wing t ransactio ns occu r in Figu re 6-2: • The website a dminist rator of www .buyst uf f.com s ets up eac h web se rver (se r v er 1, serv er 2, an d se rver 3) to c reate a cooki e that c ont ain s[...]

  • Страница 65

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-7 P ersisten ce Modes • Using its configured load ba lancing po licy , the Px series ap plicati on switch s elects one of the web s ervers. In this example, server 3. • A three- w ay TCP handshake is established between the Px series appli cation switch (C) and server 3 [...]

  • Страница 66

    6-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide # Add it iona l i nform at ion m ay be us ef ul du ri ng de bu gging prin t s tart _ht ml(' Co okie Te ster '); if (! $E xist ing Host Co okie ) { prin t " No co ok ie na me d $SL BC ookie ex iste d< br> n" ; prin t " It wa s s et to th e lo[...]

  • Страница 67

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-9 P ersisten ce Modes Figu re 6-3: Hashed cookie persisten c e mode Figure 6-3 shows a typ ical fina ncial webs it e nam ed ww w .myba nk.com. Th is webs it e has thr ee real s ervers, each connect ed to a s in gle bac ken d databas e s yst em. T o minimize t ime- cons uming[...]

  • Страница 68

    6-10 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide • Th e clie nt tran smits its first TC P r eques t (A) to www . myb ank.co m at its publicly -known VIP ad d res s, 64.1.1 .7. • The P x ser i e s applic ation switc h res ponds (B) on beha lf of 64.1.1.7, an d the thr ee-way TCP handshake is establis hed between the [...]

  • Страница 69

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-11 P ersisten ce Modes Un like se lf- id enti fying co okie persi stence and hash ed cooki e persi stence , lear ned cook ie persist ence does not req uire the webs ite administrat o r to make any changes to the website. Lea rned cookie persisten ce is a best-eff or t persis[...]

  • Страница 70

    6-12 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide • A three- w ay TCP handshake is established between the Px series appli cation switch and ser v er 3. • Th e appli cation swit ch make s the follo wing en t r y in its databa se: • The appl ication switch forwards t h e first d ata r equest fr o m the client to ser[...]

  • Страница 71

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-13 P ersisten ce Modes is bei ng done, a defau lt domain a nd patt ern rule are still nee ded. The com mands are as follows: conf ig doma in defau lt conf ig patt ern -rul e d efau lt serv er -grou p- name <n ame> cook ie -name <c ooki e n ame> co okie -t ype [ s[...]

  • Страница 72

    6-14 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide NA T Mode s Network ad d r ess t rans lation (NA T) is one of t he cor nerston es o f ser ver l oad balan cing . T o balance the load between the v arious re al serv ers, the server loa d balanc er uses a single IP ad dress, called a v irtual IP ad d r ess , to represent [...]

  • Страница 73

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-15 NA T M odes Configur ing Full-NA T Mode and Pr o xy IP Addre sses Full-N A T mode is the d e fau lt beha vior o f the applic ation sw itch. If another NA T m ode was in us e previous ly , us e the follo wing c ommand t o set it b ack to f ull: conf ig nat- mod e ful l T o[...]

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    6-16 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide that of t he real server , and that the T CP source port f o r the request i s the same as the port of the net w ork service t hat is being l oad balanced. If a request meets these criteria, it should be sent to the a pplica tion sw itch as its next h op. A d v a n t a g [...]

  • Страница 75

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-17 Configurat ion Example Wh en yo u conf igu r e h alf -N A T mode , yo u can a ls o co nfig ur e gateway mode for the applicat ion swit ch. Ga teway m ode spe cifies an IP a ddress that a server ’s d e fa ult gatewa y can for ward to, as if the app lication s witch w ere[...]

  • Страница 76

    6-18 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Th e co mmand s to configure t his net work ar e as follow s: #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- --- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - # se rver s #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- --- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - conf ig serv er index 1 ip[...]

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    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-19 Configurat ion Example conf ig patt ern -rul e “ defa ul t” se rv er-gr ou p-na me your do main coo kie- na me “ses si on-id ” c ooki e- type le arn conf ig serv ice vip 64. 1.2. 11 port 44 3 pro to col t cp l7 cl as s htt ps conf ig domain na me def ault conf ig [...]

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    6-20 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

  • Страница 79

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-1 7 URL Switching Th is chapter descr ibes ho w the Px series applicat ion swit ch p erforms l evel 7 lo ad balancin g, directing c lient requests to ser ver groups by a cting a s a proxy and lo oking inside e ach reque st, usin g doma in or U RL switch ing. The chapter cov [...]

  • Страница 80

    7-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 7-1: T ypical switching scen ario Doma in Swit ching Domain switching uses the req uested domain name to select the appr o priate serve r gro up. For example, in Fi gure 7-2, t here ar e thr ee s erver gr oups: • www. bu ystuf f. com • www. sp eakyo ur mind .n [...]

  • Страница 81

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-3 Domain and URL Switching Figu re 7-2: Domain s wi tching e xam ple The Px series appl ica tion swit ch uses a si ngle VIP , locat ed at 192.1. 1. 1 :80, t o ser vice all thr ee d omains. When the cli ent requ est arrives , the a pplication s witch examines the requ est t o[...]

  • Страница 82

    7-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide conf ig domain na me buy stuf f. com conf ig patt ern -rul e d efau lt serv er -grou p- name bu ystu ff conf ig domain na me www .buy st uff. co m conf ig patt ern -rul e d efau lt serv er -grou p- name bu ystu ff conf ig domain na me spe akyo ur mind .c om conf ig patt er[...]

  • Страница 83

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-5 Co nfig urin g U RL S witc hing Figu re 7-3: Sim ple U RL switch ing examp le By direc t ing eac h o f these unique types of reques ts to a dif ferent pool of servers a t the applicat ion swit ch, you ha ve th e flex ibility to m ove thes e resources withou t chan ging doz[...]

  • Страница 84

    7-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 7-4: More Com plicated URL s witchin g e x ample In Figu r e 7-4, buyst uff. co m de cides to sta rt selling ele ctronic b ooks online a nd th ey need to stor e an entire publi sher ’s catalog on the site. T erabytes of storage ar e need e d , along wi th a flexi[...]

  • Страница 85

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-7 Co nfig urin g U RL S witc hing Figu re 7-5: Hierarchical approach to pattern rules In Figur e 7-5, th e pattern rules d irect user requests as follo w s: • www. bu ystuf f. com/ eb ooks /a uthor sa /* are dir ect e d to server gr o up 1 • www. bu ystuf f. com/ eb ooks[...]

  • Страница 86

    7-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide conf ig domain na me www .ebo ok s.co m conf ig patt ern -rul e “ auth or sa” s er ver-g ro up-n am e aut ho rsa conf ig patt ern -rul e “ auth or sb” s er ver-g ro up-n am e aut ho rsb conf ig patt ern -rul e “ auth or sc” s er ver-g ro up-n am e aut ho rsc co[...]

  • Страница 87

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-9 Configurat ion Example Th e wildc ard (*) i n the s econd lin e refe rs any r eq uest w ith an unspe cified d omain name (any req uest in which the do main name is not present in the HTTP header) to t he de fa ult serv er grou p sg 2 . The application switch reads t he HTT[...]

  • Страница 88

    7-10 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide The commands to c onfigur e this example ar e as follows: #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- --- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - # se rver s #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- --- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - conf ig serv er index 1 ip 64 [...]

  • Страница 89

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-11 Configurat ion Example conf ig serv er- grou p n ame i ma ges p ol icy r r conf ig serv er- grou p n ame i ma ges a dd -ser ver inde x 1 0 - 1 1 conf ig serv er- grou p n ame m ed ia po li cy rr conf ig serv er- grou p n ame m ed ia ad d- serv er index 20 # # #--- -- ----[...]

  • Страница 90

    7-12 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide conf ig snmp sy sName “b alan ce r” conf ig snmp sy sLoca ti on “E xo dus C ol o” conf ig snmp sy sCont ac t “We b A dmin ” conf ig add t ra p rec eiv er 10 .1 0.10 .2 1 “pu bl ic” 1 62 conf ig snmp ad d com mun ity r ea donl y “ read me ” conf ig snmp[...]

  • Страница 91

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 8-1 8 Configur ing Redundancy Th is chapter describ es ho w to configu re redun dancy f or the Px s eries ap plicatio n switch. For the SummitPx1, you use the industry s tandard VRRP . For the PxM, you use the Extr eme Standby Router Pr otocol (ESRP). The chapte r co ntai ns t[...]

  • Страница 92

    8-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide The only di ffer ence between a traditional VRRP impleme n tation and t he Px series applic ation switc h implementation is that i nstead of using the V RRP MAC address fo r a single layer 3 router address, the Px s eries appl ic at ion switch uses the VRRP MAC addre ss fo[...]

  • Страница 93

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 8-3 Using VRRP w ith the Su mmitPx1 conf ig vrrp ad d vri d < numbe r> conf ig vrrp vr id <n umb er> prio rity 100 enab le vrrp buil d T o set VRRP to preempt whenever it has a higher priority t han the active system, or to pr ev ent it from pr eem pting, use this [...]

  • Страница 94

    8-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 8-1: Application swit ch using multiple VLANs. For mo r e infor mation o n config uring ESRP , see the E xtremeWare Sof t w ar e User Gui de . VRRP A utoma tic S ync hr oniza tion VR R P aut oma ti c sy nch ro ni za t ion ( au to-s y nc ) d oes two thi ng s: • Sy[...]

  • Страница 95

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 8-5 Using VRRP w ith the Su mmitPx1 on the backup. Aft er all the c o mmands have been r eplaced, the configuration i s saved and the bo x r ebooted. • Sends indiv i dual co nfiguratio n comman ds fr om the master to the back up, where they are st ored in local memory until [...]

  • Страница 96

    8-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Con figuring Redu ndancy f or the Px M Y ou must use the t he Extr eme Standby Router P r otocol (ESRP) to configure red undancy for the PxM. See “Using ESRP with the PxM” below . If you have multiple VLANs for the PxM, you must designate o ne VLAN as a mas t er , and [...]

  • Страница 97

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 8-7 Configur ing Red undancy for the P xM Because t h e ESRP priority of A is n ow lower t h an that of B , A becomes the s lave, and B bec omes the ma st er . Configu ring t he PxM for M ultiple VLANs Wh en the PxM has mult iple VL ANs, if you int end to set up redun dancy us[...]

  • Страница 98

    8-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide # con fi gure ES RP, w ith addi ti onal VL ANs u nd er ma st er VL AN conf ig esrp po rt-mo de host po rts 1 conf ig esrp po rt-mo de host po rts 8 conf ig vlan "m aster " a dd do ma in-m em ber v 2 conf ig vlan "m aster " a dd do ma in-m em ber v 3 ena[...]

  • Страница 99

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 9-1 9 Health Ch ec ks This chapter de scribes he alt h checks yo u can use to ensu re t h at a g iven appli cation i s runn i ng o n a real s erv er b efo re sen din g u ser req uest s to tha t serv er . T he c hap ter conta ins the follow ing sect ions: • Overview on page 9[...]

  • Страница 100

    9-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Server St a rtup P acing In or d er not to ov er load a server that h a s jus t come up , server s t artu p p acing restr icts t he number of connections that the server can pr ocess. St artup pacing i s performed when healt h checks bring a serv er back online, or w hen a[...]

  • Страница 101

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 9-3 He alth Checking Procedure Hea lth Ch ec king Proce dure Y ou configur e health checks for each server gr oup. All the members of a given server gro up have the same health check performed on them. The health check pro ces s uses the foll owing procedure : 1 As soon as a s[...]

  • Страница 102

    9-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Con figuring H ealth C hec ks Before he alth chec ks can be config ur ed , make s ur e tha t the serv er group tha t they will apply to has been cr eated. See Chapter 5 for information on c onfiguring server gr oups . T ype s of H ealth Ch ec ks Only the highest pr oto col[...]

  • Страница 103

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 9-5 Configur ing Health C hecks conf ig heal th- chec k f ail- af ter < nu mber> conf ig heal th- chec k r esto re -aft er <numb er > Y ou can also configure loc al timeout values for a ser ver group, which take precedence over the global set t ings. Use the foll o[...]

  • Страница 104

    9-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

  • Страница 105

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 10-1 10 Monitor in g the Switch This c hapt er de scribes t ools that ar e availa bl e f or mon itor ing the heal th of the sys tem and the traffic that is passing t hrough it. T he applicat ion swit ch tra cks things s uch as the number of conn ections open and closed, t he n[...]

  • Страница 106

    10-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide show po rt mg mt [con fig | de tai ls] Disp lays packet -level co unters for th e int erfaces, along wi th the c ur rent status of eac h . show se rver [< index > | <ipa dd ress >] Di splay s the curre nt , m ax, and t otal connec tions for an individual serve[...]

  • Страница 107

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 10-3 Showin g Confi guratio n Detai ls Show ing Co n fig urat i on D et ail s T ab le 10-2 list s the com mands that are us ed to displ a y c onfigur ation in format ion. T able 1 0-2: Configuration D ispla y Com mands Command Descripti on show ba nner Displ ays the c urrent s[...]

  • Страница 108

    10-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Co nfigura tion D i spl a ys The followi ng exam ple illust rate s th e output f rom t he show co nfig urat ion comma nd : * Sum mi tPx1 :25 # sh co nfig #### ## ##### ## #### ## #### ### #### ## #### ## ##### ## #### ## #### ## ##### ## # # Sum mi tPx1 Co nfigu ra tion #[...]

  • Страница 109

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 10-5 Showin g Confi guratio n Detai ls Stat us Di sp la ys Th e sh ow he alth and show se rver de tails comman ds d isplay simi lar (but not iden tical) inf ormatio n. The fo llow ing example s illus trate the outp ut from these commands (for th e configuration shown in the ex[...]

  • Страница 110

    10-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide The following tables d escribe th e columns and their values. T ab le 10-3: show heal th Inf or m ati on Column Descr iption inde x The index number of t he server o r se r vice. IP The IP addr ess of the s erver or ser vice. port The port for a vi rtual se rv i ce. For s[...]

  • Страница 111

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 10-7 Managing and T ro ub l eshooting O peration Mana ging an d T rou bles hootin g Operati on T able 10-5 li sts the commands that are used t o displ ay man agement an d t roubles h ooti ng inform ation. flg The con figured f lags for t he server or service. ■ E = checks en[...]

  • Страница 112

    10-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide show lo g <le ve l> Displ ays the cont ents of the switc h log. L evel values are: ■ a ( erro rs): dis pl a ys erro r messages ■ b (fat al): displ ays fatal messa ges ■ c (in f o) : dis pl a ys informat ional messag es. ■ d (warni ng): dis plays war ning mes[...]

  • Страница 113

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide i Inde x A a ccount s adm in i str a tor 4 - 5 crea tin g 4 -6 default p asswor d 4- 5 del eting 4-6 use r 4- 4 viewing 4-6 administ rator acco u nts 4-5 automatic synchro n izatio n for VRRP 8-4 AUX port 2-2 C cl ass o f applic ation for VIP 5-4 client I P persistence mo de 6[...]

  • Страница 114

    ii - Index Px Seri es Applicati on Switch Ins tallation a nd Configurati on Guide fron t v iew 2- 1 full-NA T mo de 6-14 G gate w ay mo de 6-16 , 6- 1 7 gate w ay , def ault 8-8 Gig abit Eth ern et port 2-2 H hal f-NA T and gateway mode 6-16 hal f-NA T mo de 6- 15 , 6- 1 6 and VLA Ns 6- 16 h ardw are a ddr ess 2 -3 hashed cookie persist ence m ode [...]

  • Страница 115

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide In dex - iii AUX 2-2 co ns ole 2 - 2 Gig abit Eth ern et 2- 2 management port 2-2 pos iti onin g 2- 4 pow er s ock et 2- 3 pow er s upp ly 2- 3 pow eri ng on 2- 5 Px M configu r ing re du nda ncy w i t h ESRP 8-6 multi ple VLA Ns and redunda ncy 8-7 R rack moun ting 2-4 rea l [...]

  • Страница 116

    iv - Index Px Seri es Applicati on Switch Ins tallation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

  • Страница 117

    Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide I Inde x of Comma nds B bui ld 4-8, 8-2, 8-3 C cle ar lo g 4- 16 co nfi g a cco un t 4- 6 co nfi g b a nne r 4- 17 confi g defa ult-ga tewa y 8- 8 config dns- clien t add 4-11 config dns-clien t defaul t-do m ain 4-11 config dns-clien t delete 4 -11 conf ig domain defa u lt 5-[...]

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    ii - Index of Command s Px Seri es Applicatio n Switch Ins tallation an d Configurati on Guide config syslo g ip address 4 - 16 config syst em-ip 4-8 config vrrp add b ackup vrid 8-3 conf ig vrrp add ma ster vri d 8-2 conf i gu re server-gro u p name e x t r heal t h-check ht t p 9-4 cre at e a cco unt 4 - 6 cre at e so ur ce -flo w 6- 16 cre at e [...]