HP 20B инструкция обслуживания

HP 20b Business Consultant Financial Calculator Manual For free training, visit www .hp.com/go/ca lctraining HP part number: F2219-90201 First edition: August 2008[...]

Legal Not ices 2 Legal Notices This manual and any examples contai ned herein are provided “as is” and are subject to ch ange without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company makes n o warr anty of any kind w ith regard to thi s manual, including, but not limited t o, the i mplied warranties o f merchantability, no n-infringement and fi tness for a pa r[...]

Contents 3 Contents Legal Notices Revision History ............................ ............................................................. ......................... 2 HP 20b Busi ness Consulta nt Keyboard Keyboard Map Legend ........................................................ ............................................... 6 1 Basic Feature[...]

Contents 4 Two-Number Functions ................................. .......................................................... ......... 26 Storing and Recalling Numb ers ........................................................................................ 27 Recall Arithmetic ............... .......................................................[...]

Contents 5 Statistics Example .................................................................................. ..................... 6 3 11 Errors Error Messages and Calculator Status ................................ ............................................. 65 12 Warranty, Regulatory, an d Contact Informat ion Replacing the Batteries .......[...]

HP 20b Business Consultant Keyboard 6 HP 20b Business Consultant Keyboard Keyboard Map Legend No. Feature Chapter(s) No. Feature Chapter(s) 1 Time Value o f Money keys 3 16 Annunciator display a rea 1 2 Cash Flows, IRR, and NPV menus 4 15 Amortization and Depreciation menus 3,8 3 Data and Statistics menus 9 14 % key and Percent Calculation menu 2,6[...]

Basic Features 7 1 Basic Features Welcome to the HP 20b Financial Calculator This manual is designed to familiarize you w ith the ma ny features of your new 20 b Financial C alculator. It includes menu maps, example problems and solution s with key presses, screen shots, and examples of cash flow diagram s. There are also sections whi ch list t he [...]

Basic Features 8 Two Line Displ ay There are two lines in the display screen as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Displa y Screen The top line of the screen displays operation status, op erator symbols, annunciator s, and abbreviations of the registers, variables, and menu na mes. Throughout t his manual, thi s line is referred to as th e top line . In F[...]

Basic Features 9 Table 1-1 Mode Menu Sett ings Setting (top line) Description FIX= 2 Display precision (number of digits displayed to the right of the decimal point). Default is 2 . Key in the number of digits you want and press I , or press = until the number of digits you want is displayed. The display precision can be any number from 0-11. If yo[...]

Basic Features 10 Table 1-1 Mode Menu Sett ings Setting (top line) Description English, Français, Deutch, or Esp añol Language s etting for the messages displayed on th e screen. Default is English . Pressing I cycle s through these options. Actual or Cal.360 Calendar options for bonds and date calcul ations. Default is Actual . Pressing I t oggl[...]

Basic Features 11 Key Presses and the Secondary F unction : Key To execute the function ass ociated with a key, press a nd release the desired key . Most of t he 20b 's keys have two functions: the primary func tion and t he second ary function. T he primary fu nction is print ed on the to p of the key. The s econdary function is printed on th[...]

Basic Features 12 Figure 3 Annunciator Symbols in the S creen Display The I Key The I key is used to input values for variables and execute menu items. The I key is also used in Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) mode to enter a number on the stack or duplicate it. The = Key The = key is used at the end of a mathemati cal operation to calculate the fina[...]

Basic Features 13 When an item f or which t he = ke y is valid d isplays, the small annunc iator (=) is dis played on the top line at the right of the screen. Do not confuse this small annunciator (=) with the larger annu nciator (= ) found to the right of a variable. When an item f or which t he I k ey is valid displ ays, the INP UT annunciator is[...]

Basic Features 14 For more information about storing and recalling numb ers, refer to the section titled, Storing and Recal ling Numbers in Chapter 2. The Cash Flow and Statistics menus share the same memory and are limited to a combined total of 50 me mory slots. The number displaye d with Memory refers to t he number of remaining me mory slots. W[...]

Basic Features 15 In this manual, diagram s called Menu Maps are included at t he beginnin g of each se ction to as sist you with n avigating through the menu s used for that section. For an examp le of a men u map, see Figure 7. Figure 7 The Menu Map for the Break-even Menu There are four types of menu items: 1. Read/writ e. Read/write menu it ems[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 16 2 Mathematical Calculations Mathematical Functions Mathematical functio ns are located:  On keys, such as, +- */ , etc.  On shifted, or s econdar y functions, such as, :p  In the Math menu, :s Number Entry and D isplay Numbers are entered by pressing:  Numbered keys, 0 - 9  The decimal poi nt .  The }[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 17 Chain Mode Calculations in C hain mode are interpreted in t he order in w hich the y are entered. For examp le, entering the f ollowing numbers and operati ons as written from le ft to right 1+ 2*3= returns 9 . See Figure 2. Figure 2 Calculation in Chain Mode Note: if you press an oper ator key, + -*/ , after = , the c[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 18 For example, key in 1+ 2 x 5 nPr2 2 in Algebrai c mode by pressing: 1+2*5: b2:m= . The re sult is 241. Note: the cal culator is limi ted to 12 p ending oper ations. An oper ation is pending when it is waiting for the inpu t of a number or the result of an operation o f higher pr iority. Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) Mo[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 19 When an operation is performed on the stack, addition ( + ) f or instance, the calculator "po ps" or move s the two numbers from the b ottom lev els (Level s 1 and 2) out of the stac k, perform s the op eration, a nd "pu shes" the re sults bac k into the stack. With the numb ers entered int o the st[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 20 Table 2-2 Last Number Keys Display Des cription +:d/ Adds 1.23 and 56.123, then d ivides the sum by the last number, 56.123. Returns results in the selected display format. For more complex problems requiring two or more oper ations, you do no t need to enter parent heses to set o perational pri ority. Key in numbers a[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 21 Table 2-3 Simple Arithmetic Calculations in RPN Mode Keys Display Description RPN Stack * Finishes t he operation and displays the results. Pressing I or = when you are not entering a number duplicat es the number on Level 1. That is, t he number on Level 1 is pushed on the st ack, making Le vels 1 and 2 equal. I n the[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 22 Figure 6 The RPN Stack and the Roll Down Operation Pressing ) performs a swap . A swap operation ex changes the nu mbers o n Levels 1 a nd 2 of the st ack. T he ) key has a small symbol on it as a reminder of the swap feature. With the numbers entered into the stack shown in the left column in Figure 7, pressing ) per [...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 23 For example, to ca lculate 6 , press 6:n . The r esult of 2.45 is calculated immediately and d isplayed on t he bottom line. The square roo t symbol ( ) appears on the top line. Note: before do ing any tr igonometric calc ulations in th e Math menu, check whether the angle mod e is set f or degrees ( Degrees ) or radia[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 24 Figure 8 The Menu Map for the Math Menu Press < to scroll through the menu items, starting with Trigonometry. The Trigonometry, H yperbolic, and Probability items have sub-menus. Pre ss I w ith the se items displayed t o acce ss the functions w ithin the sub menus. Press O to cancel the Math menu and return to curre[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 25 Table 2-5 Math M enu Example Keys Display Description .5I :s Enters 0.5 an d opens the Ma th menu sta rting with Trigonometry . I< Selects the Trigonometry sub-menu and scrolls to Sin -1 . Note the value for Sin -1 is calculated immediately and displayed. I or = Validates the result. In the Math menu, PI does not pe[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 26 2. Type the number for which you want to cal culate the probability, or, for the inverse, the probability for which you want th e number. 3. Navigate t o the appropriate function in t he Probabilit y sub-menu of the Math menu. Table 2-6 Probabilit y Example Keys Display Description 10I 8I :s Enters 10 degrees of freedo[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 27  nCr  nPr Y x is the power f unction, nCr stands for the number of combinations of n items taken r at a time, and nPr stands for th e number of permutat ions of n items taken r at a time. Combination=   ! ! ! r n r n  Permutation=   ! ! r n n  Perform calculations with these fun ctions in the sa[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 28 press L2 to re call memor y 2. Note how the new curr ent value stored in me mory 2 is 17 , (5 +12). +-* a nd / are val id mathema tical operat ions for me mories. To view the stored values in memories 1-9 and 0, press :t , f ollowed by < or > repeate dly to s croll through each mem ory starting w ith memory 1 ( M[...]

Mathematical Calculat ions 29 To find a percentage of a given number, enter the number and multip ly it by the desired percentage, followed by = . For example, to find 25% of 200, press 200 *25%= to return a result of 50 . To add or subtract a perce ntage of a n umber, enter th e first numb er, followed by + or - and the pe rcentage f ollowed by % [...]

Time Value of Money 30 3 T ime V alue of Money The examples in the following sections are calculated with the Mode menu preferen ces in their default settings, unless otherwise noted. For more informa tion about basic features and setting pr eferences, see Cha pter 1 , Basic Feature s . Time Value of Money (TVM) Keys Cash flow dia grams are useful [...]

Time Value of Money 31 Figure 1 Cash Flow Diagram Example with C orresponding TVM Keys The TVM functions of the calculator can solve problems with at least one cash flow, and problems in whic h all the cash flows, except the first and last, are of the same value. To solve other types of cash flows, refer to the section below titled, Canadian Mortga[...]

Time Value of Money 32 To save v alues for the TVM variables, enter the desired number, followed by the corresponding TVM key. To c alculate an unknown val ue, enter al l known values and press the key of th e item yo u want solved. Table 3-1 TVM Keys Keys Description N Stores or calcu lates the number of paymen ts or compounding periods. ^ Multipl[...]

Time Value of Money 33 Table 3-2 TVM Example Keys Display Desc ription M Returns the monthly paymen t. This result is ne gative (-); it is money you pay out. To reset the TVM variables to their default values, with any TVM variabl e displayed pre ss :x . Press < or > repeatedly until TVM displays. Pr ess I to reset the TVM value s, or press O[...]

Time Value of Money 34 Enter the values for the TVM keys for the example below. Press A f ollowed by < or > to view the amortization schedule. Creating an Amortization Schedule You borrow 140,000.00 for 360 months at 10% int erest. Create an amortization schedule for the loan. How much interest did y ou pay for the first y ear ? W hat i s the[...]

Time Value of Money 35 To reset the menu items to their default values, with any item of the Amortization menu displayed press :x . W ith TVM displayed, press I . At t he TVM Reset prompt, press I t o reset, or O to cancel . Interest Conversion Me nu Figure 3 The Menu Map for the Interest Conversion Menu To open the Interest Conve rsion menu (IC on[...]

Time Value of Money 36 Table 3-6 Inter est Rate Conversion Example Keys Display Desc ription 365 I Inputs 365 as the val ue for the number of compounding periods per year. >= Scrolls to the va riable for the ef fective rate and calculates it. A 36.5% nominal rate compounded daily equals an effective rate of 44.03 %. Note: C/YR is the same number[...]

Time Value of Money 37 With TVM Canada enabled in the Mode menu, the following TVM feature s change: 1. The P/ YR key, :[ , now opens a menu with two items, P/YR and C/YR, in which you can specify the number of payments an d compound ing per iods per y ear. Pr ess < or > to scro ll through the menu. See Figure 4. 2. To ch ange the val ue of a[...]

Time Value of Money 38 Canadian Mortgag e Example Calculate the monthly payment for a 25-year (N=300) Canadian mortgage valued at 350,000. 00, if the nominal interest rate is 6.0%, compounded t wice yearly (C/YR=2) with 12 payments per year (P/YR). Table 3-7 Canadian Mortgage Example Keys Display Desc ription :u Opens the Mode menu, starting with t[...]

Cash Flows 39 4 Cash Flows Figure 1 Ca sh Flow Diagram In the calculator, a cash flow list is a set of nu m bered pairs, CF(n) and #CF(n) , where n is the inde x of the c ash flow list. Each pair represents one or more cash flows in a cash flow diagram. As with TVM problems, it helps to sketch a cash flow diagram as a first ste p in solving cash fl[...]

Cash Flows 40 To erase a cash flow list, with any cash flow displayed press :x . The n umber of cash flows in the list is displayed on the bottom lin e, along w ith Cash Flow= . At this prompt, press I . You w ill be a sked to confir m your choice. Either press I to confirm the r eset, or O to c ancel. Table 4-1 lists the keys use d for ca sh flow [...]

Cash Flows 41 Table 4-2 Cash Flow Example Keys Display Desc ription C Opens the cash flow list. 8000 0}I Inputs -80000 as the m onetary value of the initial cash flow. Note: the sign of the cash outflow is negative. I Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF(0). Displays the current monetary value of CF(1). 5000 I Inputs 5000 as the monetary v[...]

Cash Flows 42 Table 4-2 Cash Flow Example Keys Display Desc ription 115000 I Inputs 115000 as the monetary value of CF(6). Displays the current value, 1 , for the number o f times CF(6) occurs. I Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF(6). Analyzing Cash Flows The various fun ctions used to analyze ca sh flows are l ocated in t he NPV P and I[...]

Cash Flows 43 Table 4-3 NPV and IRR Menu It ems Item Descripti on Inv. I% Investment or discount rate. Enter the i nvestment rate or discount rate for t he cash flow followed by I . Net PV Net present value. Shows the value of the cash flows at the time of the initial c ash flow, discounting the future cash flows by the value set for Inv. I%. Net F[...]

Cash Flows 44 Table 4-4 NPV and IRR Example Keys Display Desc ription < Displays the number of periods required for the cash flow to repay the investment. << Scrolls to the total value of the cash flow. R Displays the IRR for the cash flow. Editing Cash Flow s In the cash flow list, you can view and modify the curr ent monet ary value of a[...]

Cash Flows 45 Sample Cash Flow Diagrams Figure 3 Sample Cash Flow Diagrams[...]

Bonds 46 5 Bonds B Set.Date Mat.Date CPN% Call Yield% Price Accrued Actual/ Cal.360 Annual/ Semi- annual DWN DWN DWN DWN DWN DWN DWN DWN DWN Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Bond Menu The Bond Menu Before you e nter the Bond me nu, be sure t o verify the dat e format is s et appropriately for your problem. The default setting is mm.ddyyyy , but it can[...]

Bonds 47 Table 5-1 Bond Menu It ems Variable Description Call Call value. Default is set for a call price per 100.00 face value. A bo nd at maturity has a call value of 100% of its face value. Note: input only. Yield% Yield% to m aturity or yield% t o call date for given price . Note: input/output. Price Price per 100.00 face value for a given yiel[...]

Bonds 48 Table 5-2 Bond Calculation Example Key Display Des cription < Displays current call value. Default i s 100 . Note: if Call requires another va lue, key in t he number followed by I . <4.7 5 I Inputs 4.75% for Yield% . <= Calculates t he current value for Price . :$1 Stores 115.89 in memory 1. < Displays the current value for ac[...]

Date Calculation 49 6 Date Calculation Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Date Calculation Menu The Date Calculation Menu The Date Cal culation menu is used to calculate the n umber of days between tw o dates, or a second da te giv en a number o f days from an initial, or final date. To open the Date Calculation menu, press : @ . Press < or > repe[...]

Date Calculation 50 Table 6-1 Dat e Calculation Example Key Display Des cription <10. 3 12010 I Inputs the ending date in the selec ted format. <= Calculates t he number of actua l days between the starting and e nding dates. To reset the menu items to their default values, with any item of the Date menu displayed press :x . With Date display[...]

Break-even 51 7 Break-even Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Break-even Menu The Break-even Menu To open the Break-even m enu, press :! . To change the value of the displayed item, key in a number and press I . Once you have entered all known data, press < or > repeatedly to scroll to the unk nown item and press = to cal culate it. The break-eve [...]

Break-even 52 Table 7-1 Break-even Exampl e Keys Display Description <= Calculates t he current value for the unknown item. 3200 units would have to be sold to return a profit of 10,000.00. To reset the menu items to their default values, with any item of the Break-even menu displayed pres s : x . With BrkEven displayed, pre ss I to reset the me[...]

Business Problems 53 8 Business Problems Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Percent Calculation (% calc) Menu The Percent Calculation M enu Press :# to open the menu. There are fo ur items in t his menu: m arkup as a percentage of cost ( Mkup. %C ), mark up as a percentage of price ( Mkup. %P ) , part as a p ercentage of total ( Part%Tot. ), and percent[...]

Business Problems 54 Note: for busines s problems, m argin is ba sed on price; markup is based on cost. The e xamples below are shown w ith RPN as the active o perating mode. Percent Calculation Examples See Tables 8-1 t hrough 8-4 f or examples of calculation s in the % calc menu. 1. Find the markup on an item if the co st price is $15.00 a nd the[...]

Business Problems 55 Note: although t he ex ample in Table 8-2 ca lls for no compounding, y ou ma y specify th e number of compound ing periods used in calculations w ith the Nb Period item in the %Change sub-menu. Nb Period is the number of compounding periods used in calculations bet ween the o ld value and n ew value. The default i s 1 , but to [...]

Depreciation 56 9 Depreciation Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Depreciation Menu The Depreciation Menu Press : to open the Deprec iation menu. To select a de preciation met hod, press I re peatedly. See Figure 1. Input the values required for the calculation:  Asset life  Start ing date or month of the deprecation  Cost and salvage values ?[...]

Depreciation 57 Note: pressing < on t he last it em of a sub- menu returns you to t he Year item, not to t he top of t he sub-menu (see Figure 1). By scrolling through all the items of a sub-menu, you incrementally advance the Year item . This allo ws you to see th e depreciation schedul e for the n ext year witho ut additional entr ies. Brief d[...]

Depreciation 58 Table 9-2 Depreciation Menu Items Item Description Salvage The salvage v alue of the asset at the end of its u seful life. Factor Th e declining balance factor as a percentage. This is used for declining balance and declining balance crossover methods only. Year Year for which you want to calculate the depreciation. Depreciation Dep[...]

Depreciation 59 Table 9-3 Straight Line Depreciation Example Key Display Des cription < Remaining book v alue after year one. < Remaining depreciable value a fter year one. < The next year for which to calculate the depreciation. To calculate for a year other than 2 , type a number and press I . < Depreciation of the asset in year two. [...]

Statist ical Operations 60 10 Statistical Operatio ns Figure 1 The Menu Maps for the Data and Statistics Menus[...]

Statist ical Operations 61 The Data and Stats Menus Statist ics analysis functions are located in the Data and Statistics menus accessible with the :y and :z keys. See Figure 1 for assistance with navigating through the menus. Press :y to open the D ata menu. In this menu, enter a l ist of x values for one-variable statistics, a list of pa irs, (x,[...]

Statist ical Operations 62 Table 10-1 The St atistics Menu Items Menu Item Description Nb Item Number of items. X Mean Average of X values. Y Mean Average of Y values. X Std. Dev Standard deviation for X: a measure of how dispersed the x data values are about the mean. Y Std. Dev Standard deviation for Y: a measure of how dispersed the y data value[...]

Statist ical Operations 63 Table 10-1 The St atistics Menu Items Menu Item Description Sigma Y The sum of the y values. Sigma X 2 The sum of the squares of the x v alues. Sigma Y 2 The sum of the squares for the y values. Sigma XY The sum of the products o f the x and y values. Statistics Exa mple Sales for the last five months are repres ented by [...]

Statist ical Operations 64 Table 10-3 Stat istics Example Keys Display Description 5I1 70I Inputs values for X(5) and Y(5). :z Opens Stats m enu. <I Opens Descriptive sub-menu. << Displays average y . :z< < I Opens Predictions sub-menu. Note: this example performs calculations base d on a linear (a*X+b) regr ession line. <7I Input[...]

Errors 65 11 Errors Error Messages and Calculator Status Table 11-1 Error Mess ages Error Message Status ER: Underflow The calculation generated an underf low (result of 0). ER: x/0 Division b y zero. ER: 0/0 Zero divided by zero. ER: ∞ *0 Infinite multiplied b y zero. ER: ∞ / ∞ Infinite divided b y infinite. ER: √ / (x<0) Square root of[...]

Errors 66 Table 11-1 Error Mess ages Error Message Status ER: Many Solutions Returned when there are man y solutions to the problem. ER: Inv alid N Returned by TVM/ Amort if N is inv alid. ER: User Abort Returned by long funct ions if user stops the calculation prior t o completion. ER: ∞ Result Returned if the result is infinite. ER: Ins ufficie[...]

W arranty , Regulatory, and Contact Information 67 12 W arranty , Regulatory , and Cont act Information Replacing the Batteries Use only fresh ba tteries. D o not use re chargeable bat teries. The calculator t akes two, 3- volt CR2032 li thium batteries. To install a new ba ttery: 1. With the calcu lator turned o ff, slide the back cover off. 2. Re[...]

W arranty , Regulatory, and Contact Information 68 Customer Care In addition to the one year hardware warranty your HP calculator also comes w ith one y ear of technical support. If you need assistance, H P customer care can be reached by either email or telephone. Bef ore calling please locate the call center nearest you from the list below. Have [...]

W arranty , Regulatory, and Contact Information 69 Table 12-1 Contact I nformation Country/Region Contact Greece Ελλάδα 210 969 64 21 Guatemala 1-800-999-5105 Honduras 800-711-2 884 Hong Kong 香港特別行政區 852 2833- 1111 India www.h p.com/support/india Indonesia +65 6100 6682 Ireland 01 605 0356 Italia 02 7 54 19 78 2 Japan 日本 81-[...]

W arranty , Regulatory, and Contact Information 70 Table 12-1 Contact I nformation Country/Region Contact Puerto Rico 1-877 232 0589 Russia Росси я 495 228 3050 Schweiz (Deutsch) 01 439 5358 Singapore 6100 6682 South Afric a 0800980 410 South Korea 한국 2-561-2700 Suisse (français) 022 827 8780 Suomi 09 8171 02 81 Sverige 08 5199 20 65 Svi[...]

W arranty , Regulatory, and Contact Information 71 Product Regulatory & Environment Informat ion Federal Communications Commission Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the F CC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against h arm[...]

W arranty , Regulatory, and Contact Information 72 This compliance is indicated by the following con formity marking placed on the product: This marking is valid for non-Telecom products and EU harmon ized Telecom products (e.g. Bluetooth). xxxx* This marking is valid for EU non -harmonized Telecom products . *Notified body number (used only i f ap[...]

W arranty , Regulatory, and Contact Information 73 产品中有毒有害物质或元素的名称及含量 根据中国《电子信息产品污染控制管理办法》 有毒有害物质或元素 部件名称 铅 (Pb) 汞 (Hg) 镉 (Cd) 六价铬 (Cr(VI)) 多 溴联 苯 (PBB) 多溴二苯醚 (PBDE) PCA X O O O O O 外觀殼子 / 字鍵 O O O O O O O [...]

Index 74 Index ! !: key, 23 % % change, 53 % yield, 47 = =: key, 12 A a: slope, 6 2 absolute va lue. See Math menu Algebraic mode, 17 amortization: Amort key, 33; e xample, 34; menu items, 33 annual: bond, 47 annunciators, 11 ANS. See last number B b: y-intercept, 62 backspace ke y, 16 balance: amortization, 33 begin mode : Beg key, 32 bond: annual[...]

Index 75 N N key, 32 natural exponent: e to the power of x key, 23 nCr, 27 negative nu mbers, 16 net future va lue, 43 net present value, 43 net uniform series, 43 nPr, 27 NPV: key, 42 NPV, IRR: menu items, 43 number entry, 16 number period : c omp ounding, 55 number per iods: amortization, 33 numbers: rounding, 28; storing and recalling, 27 O off:[...]