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SOHO Internet Camera User’s Guide Version 2.1[...]

2 T ABLE OF C ONTENTS A B O U T T H I S G U I D E ...........................................................4 1 . I N T R O D U C T I O N ..............................................................5 F EATURES AND B ENEFITS .........................................................6 U NPACKI NG THE P ACKAGE .......................................[...]

3 5 . U S I N G T H E C A M E R A ................................................. 21 W EB C ONFIGUR ATION U TILITY ............................................... 21 S YSTEM A DMINISTRATION .......... ............................................ 23 V IEW V IDEO – A CTI VE X M ODE .............................................. 42 V IEW I MAGE ?[...]

4 A BOUT T HIS G UIDE This manual provide s instructions and illustrations on how to use your SOHO Internet Camera, includes: z Chapter 1, Introduction , provide s the general inf ormation on the camera. z Chapter 2, Hardware Installation , des cribes the hardwa re installation procedure for the camera. z Chapter 3, Security , explains the secur it[...]

5 1 I NTRODUCTION Thank you for purchasing the S OHO Internet Camera, a camera device that can be co nnected directly to an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet network . Compared to the c onventional PC Came ra, the Internet Camera features a built- in CPU and web-based solutions that can provide a cost-effect ive solution to transmit real-time high-quality [...]

6 Features and Benefit s Simple T o Use The Internet Camera is a standa lone system with built-in CPU requiring no special har dware or sof tware such as PC fram e grabber cards. The Internet Came ra supports both Ac tiveX mode (for Interne t Explorer users) and Java m ode (for Inter net Explorer and Netscape Na vigator users) . Therefore, a ll tha[...]

7 Remote Utility The powerful IPView P ro application as signs the administrator with a pre-define d user ID and password, allowing the administrator to modify the Inte rnet Camera settings from t he remote site via Intranet or Internet. When new f irmware is available, you ca n also upgrade remotely over the network for added conven ience. User s [...]

8 Unp acking the Package Unpack the packag e and check all the ite ms carefully. In add ition to this User’s Guide , be certain that you have:  One SOHO Internet Camera  One Installation CD-ROM  One Quick Installation Guide  One AC power adapter sui table for your count ry’s electric power  One Camera S tand  One RJ-45 Ether n[...]

9 System Requirement Networking  10Base-T Ethernet or 100 Base-TX Fast Ethernet. Accessing the Camera For Web Brow ser Users  Operating Syst em: Microso ft® Windows® 98SE/ME/ 2000/XP  CPU: Intel Pentium II, 266 MHz or above  Memory Size: 32MB (64MB recommended)  Resolution: 800x600 or above  Microsoft® Internet Explo rer 5.0 or[...]

10 Physical Description This section describes the extern ally visible features of the Internet Ca mera. Front Panel 1. Po wer LED The Power LED is po sitioned on the right side of the Internet Camera’s lens while facin g the Intern et Camera. A steady BLUE light confirms that th e Inter net Camera is powered on. 2. Link LED The Link LED is po si[...]

11 A steady ORANGE light confirms that t he camera has good connection to LAN conne ctivity. Dependent on the da ta traffic the LED will begin to flash t o indicate that the Internet Cam era is rece iving/sendi ng data from/to the network. Rear Panel 1. Networ k Ca ble Con nector The Internet Camera’s rear p anel features an RJ-45 connector for c[...]

12 2. Reset Button Reset will be initiated when the reset button is pre ssed once, and Power LED begins to flash. Factory Reset will be initiated wh en the reset button is pressed continuously f or three seconds or when Power LED begi ns to light up. Release the reset bu tton and the Power LE D will begin to flash, indicating the Internet Camera is[...]

13 T op/Bottom Panel Top Panel Bottom Pane l Screw Hole Located on the to p/bottom panel of the camera, the screw hole is used to conn ect the came ra stand onto the camera b y attaching the screw head on th e camera stan d into the s crew hole of the camer a. Screw Hole Screw Hole[...]

14 2 H ARDW ARE I NST ALLA TION Att aching the Camera to the S t and The Internet Camera comes with a camera stand ( optional) with a swivel ball screw head that can be attached to the I nternet Camera's bottom screw hole . Attach the camera stand to the Internet Camera and station it for your appl ication. Ther e are three holes located in th[...]

15 Connecting the Ethernet cable Connect an Eth ernet cable to the network cable connecto r located on the Internet Camera’s rear pa nel, and then attach it to the network. Att aching the Power Supply Attach the external power supply to the DC po wer input connector located on Internet Camera’s rear pa nel, and then connect it to your local pow[...]

16 3 S ECURITY To ensure the hi ghest security and prevent un authorized u sage of the Internet Camera the Administrator has the exclusive pr ivilege to access the System Administra tion for settings and control requirements to allow users the le vel of entry and authoriz e the privileges for all users. The In ternet Camera supports multi-level pas[...]

17 4 A PPLICA TION O F T HE C AMERA The Internet Camera can be applied in wide variety of applications. With the built-i n CP U, it can work as a stan dalone system that provides a web-based solution transmitting high quality vide o images and sound s for monitoring purposes. It can be managed remotely , accessed and co ntrolled from any PC desktop[...]

18 Applications z Monitoring of local and remote p laces and obj ects such as constructio n sites, h ospitals, am usement parks, sch ools and day-care centers th rough the use o f a web browser. z Capture s ingle fra me images from the IPView Pro application. z Configure the camer a to upload image or send-mail messages with a s ingle frame image.[...]

19 Application Diagrams of the Camera Home Applications SOHO Internet Camera SOHO Wireless Internet Camera[...]

20 SOHO Applications SOHO[...]

21 5 U SING THE C AMERA You can access and mana ge the Internet Camera throug h: 1) a web browser, and 2) the enclos ed software IPView P ro. This chapter describes the Web Configuration Utility, and provides the instructions on using the camera with a web browse r. W eb Configuration Utility The Internet Camera must be c onfigured thro ugh its bui[...]

22 Welcome Screen of the Configura tion Utility After the def ault IP address i s entered from the browser, the Internet Camera Welcome screen w ill appear with a still image. There will be three opt ions to choo se from to set-u p and view your Internet Camera, including: z View Video – ActiveX Mode z View Video – Jav a Mode z System Administr[...]

23 System Administration Under the Welcome screen of th e Configuration Utility, click System Administration to enter the administration window that contains the s ettings require d for the camera in the top menu bar, including Management , Configuration , Tools , Help , and Home . TIP: Once you hav e changed the settings in each option, click Save[...]

24 System Click the System item in the left column to display the device status of your camera. - Device Status: The inf ormation about the camera, including the Camera Name, Loca tion, Model, Firm ware Version, MAC Address and IP Address, can be f ound in this field. - Ethernet S tatus: You can monitor the networ king status in this fie ld, includ[...]

25 Frame Rate, F rame Size a nd IP Address, c an be found i n this field. Network Click the Network item in the left column to display the information of the LAN. - Network Status: The items in t his field display the information of the LAN, su ch as the IP Addres s, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, Primary DNS Address, Secondary DNS Address, Dynamic [...]

26 System Administration J Configuration The Configuration window contains commands for settings that are required to input key details to setup the camera for o peration. Click Configuration in the top menu b ar and the Configura tion window will appear a s below: System Click the System item in the left column to s etup the basic configuration of[...]

27 • Camera Name: This field is used to enter a descriptive n ame for the device. The default se tting for the Camera Name is CS-xxxxxx , where xxxxxx is the last six digit of the MAC Address. The maximum length is 32 (p rintable ASCII). • Location: This field is used to enter a descriptive name for the location us ed by the camera (o ptional).[...]

28 The default setting for the LED control is at Normal . When you have configured the LE D control, the correct illumination will be set after 1 minute. Video Click the Video item in the left column to setup the image configuration of your camera. - Video Setting: In this field, you can configure the basic information of your camera. • Video Res[...]

29 • Contrast Control: Adjust the contrast level with default setting at 64 . • Saturation Co ntrol: Adjus t the saturat ion with default setting at 64 . • Light Frequency: Adjust the light frequency to suit your area of operation f rom the options ei ther 50 Hz or 60 Hz (default). • Mirror: Select Horizontal Mirror t o display the image in[...]

30 - TCP/IP: • IP Address Mode : This fie ld provides you r with three options to se lect the IP Addre ss Mode: Fixed IP – Y ou can se lect this opt ion and ente r the IP address directly. The default settings are: • IP Address – 192.168. 0.20 • Subnet Mask – 255.255.2 55.0 • Default Gateway – 0.0.0.0 Dynamic Address (DHCP) – If y[...]

31 according to your network c onfiguration. Select Enable from the opt ion and ente r the desir ed port number in the f ollowing box. • UPnP : UPnP is the architecture for pervas ive peer-to- peer netw ork connectivit y of intelligent a ppliances and PCs of all form factors. Check the Enable option to enable the function o f your camera. User Cl[...]

32 control to t he users by selecting Yes or No to activate the Upload/E-mail Video . To add a new user’s n ame, enter the necessary informatio n firs t and click th e Add button. • Delete User: Select the user y ou want to delete from the pull-down menu, and then click the Delete button. • User List : This list di splays the c urrent user s [...]

33 IP Address – Enter the IP Address of the Time Server in this box. Protocol – Two optio ns of NTP or Time are av ailable for your selection to link with the Time Server. The default setting is NTP. TimeZone – Select the time zone for the region f rom the pull-down me nu. • Set Manually: Select this option to set the time manually. Th e sy[...]

34 - FTP Se rver: This field conta ins the followi ng six basic settings for y our FTP server. • Host Address: The IP Address of the target FTP server. • Port Number: The standard port number fo r the FTP server is Port 21 , and it’s also the default setting. If the FTP ser ver uses a specif ic port, ple ase conf irm the IT manage r. • User[...]

35 Overwrite , Date/Ti me Suffix , an d set up the Sequence Number . - Manual Operation: When you click the Up load Video button in view video screen, it will start to upload the image. The setting refers to Base File Nam e and File information above. E-mail Click the E-mail item in the left column to setup configura tion for E-mail a ccount, time [...]

36 between servers you need to input the mail server address in this f ield. • Sender e-mail Addre ss: Enter th e e-mail a ddress of the user who will send the e-mail. • Receiver e-ma il Address: Enter the e-mail address of the user who will receive t he e-mail. • User Name: Enter the user name in this field. • Password: Enter the user pass[...]

37 System Administration J Too ls The Tools window contains commands for restarting the camera. Click Tools in the top m enu bar and the Tools window will appear as below: E-mail Test Click the E-mail Test item in the left column to test your e-mail account. - Test E-mail Account: Click the Test button to test the e-mail accoun t you provided. Rese[...]

38 the device off a nd on and saved settings are retaine d. If you do not want to reset the camera , exit this window without clickin g YES . Factory Reset Do you really want to fa ctory reset thi s device? Cl ick the YES button from this opti on, and you can r esume all factory def ault settings for the camer a. If you do not want to restore the f[...]

39 Backup Click the Backup item in the left column to backup the current configuration. - Backup Device Configuration to File: Do you rea lly want to backup t he configuration to file? Click the Backup button from this option, and you can sa ve the current conf iguration to f ile. - Restore Device Config uration from File: You can resume the device[...]

40 System Administration J Help The Help window provid es the basic i nformati on of the came ra. Click Help in the top menu bar and th e Help window will appear as below: About Displays th e cam era’s model nam e and version.[...]

41 Once the configuration is completed, click Home to return to the Welcome screen a nd select the desire d View Video option either through ActiveX Mode or Java Mode as describe d in the next section. Then, position the camera to the desired lo cation appropriately fo r your purpose. Followed by adjustme nt of the came ra focus, done manually by t[...]

42 V iew V ideo – ActiveX Mode To view video im ages from the browser, cl ick View Image – ActiveX Mode from the Welcome scr een to access t he video images from Intern et Explorer a s illustrated be low: Camera Name: The Camera name wi ll be displayed when the Camera Name field is entered in the Web Configuration setting under Configuration . [...]

43 V iew Image – Java Mode To view video im ages from the browser, cl ick View Image – Java Mode from the Welcome screen to access th e video images from Internet Explorer or Netscap e browser as illustrated below: Camera Name: The Camera name will be displa yed when the Camera Name field is entered in the Web Configuration setting under Config[...]

44 NOTE: 1. Please refer to the appen dix on how to install Acti veX, including 1.) install to the Web Server, and 2.) install to your Local PC. 2. The administrator has the authority to set the upload video function through the sett ing in the Upload option under Configuration . 2. The administrator has the authority to set the e-mail video functi[...]

45 6 IPV IEW P RO This chapter descri bes IPView Pro, which is a pow erful sof tware application de signed with a user-frie ndly interface f or ease of control and n avigation requi rements. Inst allation Step 1 Insert the CD-ROM into the CD-R OM drive to initi ate the auto- run program. The menu screen will appear as below:[...]

46 Step 2 Click the IPView Pro item to activate the InstallShield Wizard. Click Next in the welcome screen. Step 3 Read and accep t the License Agreemen t; then, click Ye s .[...]

47 Step 4 Choose the d estination loca tion. If no spe cific require ment, leave the default setting and click Next . Step 5 The InstallS hield Wizard starts to install the softwa re, and the progress bar ind icates the installa tion is proc eeding.[...]

48 Step 6 If you use Windows® 2000/XP, it will a ppear a Digital Signa ture warning screen. Click Co ntinue Anyway (Windows® XP) or Yes (Windows® 2000). Windows® XP Windo ws® 2000 Step 7 Click Finish to complete the installation.[...]

49 Getting S t arted This section de scribes the User Interface of IPView Pro, with detailed procedur es for using the a pplication. To launch IP View Pro, click St art > Programs > IPVie w Pro > IPView Pro . The main screen will appear as below: NOTE: IPView Pro requires the system’s resolution settin g up to 1024x768. Please configure [...]

50 Item Feature NO. Item Description X Date/Time Show current date/time. Y Status Mode Window Show the camera’s status in this window. Click the Change Stat us Mode button ( ) on the right lower corner of the window to change the display mode: Camera list mode Cam era information mode Z View Window Show the camera’s view in this window. [ View [...]

51 Show the selected camera in full screen view. Enable displaying the video views in circles. Key Lock Button Click to lock/unlock the camera. When locked, the user can not operate any c amera. ] Power Button Click to exit or minimize IPView Pro. ^ Record Button Record video clip of the selected camera and save it in the computer. The storage po[...]

52 Using IPV iew P ro Adding a Camera To add a cam era: 1. Click the System Configure button to ent er the System Configurat ion. If you are not sure of the camer a’s IP address, you can clic k Search to search the available camera(s) with in the network.[...]

53 2. Select the came ra you want by highlighting it , and then click Add Camera . 3. Click Save , and then click the System Configure button to return to View Window. The se lected camera’s video will be displayed now. The camera found within the network. Click the A dd Camera button. The ca me ra is a dde d.[...]

54 Alternately, you c an add a ca mera by entering the its IP addre ss directly: 4. Select the Input IP tab. 5. Enter the camer a’s IP address (def ault: 192.168.0.20) and Port (default: 80) , and then click Add Camera . 6. Click Save , and then click the System Configure button to return to View Window. The se lected camera’s video will be dis[...]

55 Removing a Camera To remove the camera from the list: 1. S elect the camera you want to remove. 2. Click Delete Camera . Viewing a Camera From the View Mod es of the panel, you can select o ne-camera mode or other m odes to display your video. IPView Pro allows a maxim um of 16 came ras for viewing. For example, if you use only one camera, selec[...]

56 Recording Video IPView Pro allows you to reco rd the video cl ip and save it in your computer through the f ollowing methods: Manual Record , Schedule Recor d , and Motion Record . When you c lick the Re cord button and selec t Manual Record , it will start recording. Click the button again to stop. If you select Schedule Rec ord or Motion Recor[...]

57 Configuring the System Clicking the System C onfigure button on the panel al lows you to configure the system settings, and the System Configuratio n Screen will appear in the View Window as shown below. Once configured, click Save to save th e settin gs, and then clic k the System Configure button a gain to exit conf iguration. System Configura[...]

58 Camera Conf iguratio n In this field, you ca n add/delete the camera (as des cribed in the previous secti on). Also, you ca n configure the f ollowing settings: Web C onfig urat ion In the left column, selecting the Web Configura tion item will launch the We b Configuration Utilit y in View Window. You can config ure these setting s according to[...]

59 Motion Configuration-1 The Motion Configuration -1 item provides the c ommands for motion detection control . Before configuring, you should select one camera from the pull- down menu. - Detect Region: When you select th e Full picture option, the camera will monitor the whole area. - Sensitivity Level: Move the slide bar to adjust the sensitivi[...]

60 Motion Configuration-2 The Motion Configuration-2 item allows you to configure to the alarm and e-mail setting . - Invoke Alarm: Select this option to enable alarm when some motion detected by the sy stem. - Send e-mail : When this option is c hecked, click the Mailing Configuration in the left column to enter the required information (see the f[...]

61 Tools The Tools item allows you to conf igure to the alarm and e -mail setting. - Reset: Restore the original setting of your camera. Do you really want to reset this device? Click Yes in the pop-up dialog box to c onfirm. - Factory Reset: Restore the fac tory default setti ngs of the camera. Do you really wa nt to factory reset thi s device ? C[...]

62 Mailin g Conf iguration When Motion Detection function is en abled and the Send e-mail option is checked, y ou shoul d ente r the required information in the respective fields. - Mail Server: Enter the mail server address that is used to send your e-ma il. - Mail From/To: Enter the sender’s/receiv er’s e-mail address. - Subject: Enter the ti[...]

63 Proxy Server Check the Proxy Server option an d enter the required settings in the Addres s and Port boxes to en able and use the Proxy S erver function.[...]

64 Recording Configuration In this fie ld, you can config ure the storage settings. - Log Storage: • Reserved HDD Sp ace For MS-Window s OS – You can reserve 500 MB to 1000 MB hard disk space for th e program. • Each Recording File Size – If the recorded video files reach the file size limit, video images will be recorded into another file [...]

65 • Storage List – The destination f older to save the recorded vide o file can be specif ied here. Click Modify to change the cu rrent path setting ; click Add to add a new destination folder; click Delete to remove a selected path setting. Please note that y ou are not allowed to delete a path setting if there is only one setting in the list[...]

66 Schedule-Recording Co nfiguration This recording function will work after you have enabled respective settings in the Schedule mode . The recording schedule can be def ined by Date Mode or Week Mode . - Date Mode: Fi rst, select the camera d esired from th e pull- down menu. Then, setup the time in the Start / Stop fields . Click Add to add the [...]

67 - Week Mode: First, select the camera desired from th e pull- down menu. Then, setup the time in the Start / Stop fields , and select the weekday from the buttons. Click Add to add the recording schedule to the list. Click Sa ve to save the setti ngs. Weekda y buttons.[...]

68 Others When multiple camer as connected, th is option allows the sy stem to display these views as the main v iew in circles according to your time settings. Th e range of Time inter val of scan is f rom 1 to 20 seconds.[...]

69 Log List This filed displays the user(s) information, whic h include t he Date, MAC address, and t he brief desc ription of events.[...]

70 About This filed pro vides informatio n of the softwar e application.[...]

71 7 A PPENDIX A Frequently Asked Questions Internet Camera Features Q: What is an Intern et Camera? A: The Internet Camera is a standalo ne system co nnecting directly to an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet network . It is different from the c onventional PC c amera, the Inte rnet Camera i s an all- in-one syste m with built-in CPU a nd web-based solutio[...]

72 Q: What algorithm is used to compress the dig ital image? A: The Internet Camer a utilizes the JPEG imag e compress ion technology pr oviding high qua lity images for users. JPEG i s adopted since it is a sta ndard for image compression and can b e applied to various web browse r and application soft ware without the need to install extra softwa[...]

73 A: If a firewall exist s on the network, port 80 is open for ordinary data communication. Howe ver, since the Inter net Camera transmits image data, the default po rt 8481 is also req uired. Therefore, it is necessary to op en port 8481 of the network for remote users to access the Internet Cam era.[...]

74 B PING Y our IP Address The PING ( Packet Inter net Groper) co mmand can determine whether a specific IP addre ss is accessible by send ing a packet to the specific address and w aiting for a re ply. It can al so provide a very useful tool t o confirm if the IP address conflic ts with the Internet Camera ove r the network. Follow the step-by-ste[...]

75 C T rouble Shooting Q: I cannot acce ss the Internet Camera from a web browser. A1: The possible cause might be th e IP Address for the Internet Camera is already b eing used by ano ther device. To c orrect the possible p roblem, you need to first disconn ect the Internet Camera from the network. Then run the PING utility (follow the instr uctio[...]

76 the product by connecting a local computer to the unit, utilizing a standard Crossove r (hub to hub) Ca ble. If the prob lem is not solved the Inte rnet Camer a might be faulty. Q: Why does the Power LED not light up con stantly? A: The power suppl y used might be at fault. Confirm t hat you are using the pr ovided power suppl y DC 5V for the In[...]

77 Q: Why does a se ries of broad ve rtical white line appears through out the image? A: A likely issue is t hat the CMOS sensor becomes overload ed when the light source is t oo bright such as dire ct exposure to sunlight or halog en light. You need to reposition the Internet Camera into a more shaded area immediately as this will damage the CMOS [...]

78 NOTE: Applying only 16 or 256 colors on your computer will produce dithering artifacts in the im age. A2: The configuration on the Inte rnet Camera image display is incorrect. Throug h the Web Conf iguration Image section you need to ad just the image relate d parameter for improve ima ges such as bright ness, contra st, hue and light f requency[...]

79 D T ime Zone T able[...]

80[...]

81 E Xplug Control Inst allation Installation To Web Server 1. Installation: Copy the “xplug.oc x” file to any WEB S erver table. 2. Setting (Conf iguration): From the Web Conf iguration menu se lect “System” a nd under the “Loa ding ActiveX From” i nput web server location (http://www.web serv er location.com/ ). Once the settings are [...]

82 Installation To Local PC Insert the CD-ROM into the CD-R OM drive to initiate the auto- run program. Once completed, a menu screen will appear as below: To install Xplug Control, click the “ Xplug Contro l " button t o activate the installation pr ocedure for the plug-in progr am.[...]

83 Once executed, a prompt will appe ar requesting the input of the desired langu age selec tion. Make t he desired selec tion and click “ OK ” to continue. The Welcome s creen will a ppear. Click the “ Next ” button to proceed with the inst allation.[...]

84 The License Agreemen t prompt will appear as be low. Read the details carefully and click the “ Yes ” butt on to contin ue with the installation procedure. Click the “ Finish ” button to complete Setu p of the Xplug Control Utility program for the Internet Camera.[...]

85 F Adjust Internet Camera Focus To adjust the focus of the lens, y ou need to turn the lens slowly in either clockwise or anti-clockwise direction until the desired image appears. DO NOT over turn the lens in eit her of the directions, as it will be out of focus. NOTE: You can further adjust the Internet Camera's im age quality through Syste[...]

86 G S pecification Video specificati on Resolution: 640 x 480 pix el Sensor: Color CMOS sensor Lens: f: 4.57 mm, F: 1.9 Gain control: Automatic Exposu re: Automatic White Balance: Automatic Image (Video Setting) Image compres sion: JPEG Frame rate : 30fps @ QCIF, 25fps @ CIF, 10fps @ VGA Compression Rate selection: 5 levels: Very low/Low/ Middle/H[...]

87 OS: RTOS Power Supply: DC 5V, switching type Power consumption: 3.5 Watt (700mA x 5V) LED Indicator: Power LED (Blue) Activity LED (Orange) Software Browser: Internet Explorer 5.0 or above; Netscape 6.0 or above Application Sof tware: IPView Pro OS supported: Microsoft Windows 98SE/ME/ 2000/XP, Windows NT4.0 Operating environment Operating temp [...]

88 H Glossary of T erms NUMBER S 10BASE-T 10BASE-T is Ethernet over UTP Category III,IV, or V unshielded twiste d-pair media. 100BASE -TX The two-pair twisted-me dia implementation of 100BASE-T is called 100BASE-TX . A Applet Applets are sm all Java program s that can be em bedded in an HTML page. The rule at the mom ent is that an applet can only [...]

89 B BOOT P Bootstrap Protocol is an Internet protocol that ca n automatically conf igure a networ k device in a dis kless workstation to give its own IP address. C Communication Communication has four components : sender, rece iver, message, an d medium. In net works, devices and application tasks and processes commun icate messages to each other [...]

90 of manually ass igning it a unique IP address. DH CP allows the specification for the service provided by a router, gateway, or other network device that automatically assigns an IP address to any device that requests one DNS Domain Name System is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Since domain nam es are alpha b[...]

91 F Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet , also called 100 BASE-T, oper ates at 10 or 100Mbps per second over UTP, STP, or fiber-optic med ia. Firewall Firewall is considered the first line of def ense in p rotecting private information . For better secu rity, data can be encry pted. A system designed to pre vent unauthorized access to or from a private ne[...]

92 system is useful b ecause it can represent every byte (8 b its) as two consecutive hexadecimal digits. It is easier for humans to read hexade cimal numbers than binary numbers . I IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer s. Intranet This is a private network, inside an organization or company, t hat uses the same softwa re you will f[...]

93 IP address IP address is a 32-binary digit number that identifies each sender or receiver of informatio n that is sent in p ackets acros s the Internet. For exam ple 80.80.80.69 is an IP address, it is the closet thing the Internet has to telephone numbers . When you “ call” that num ber, using any co nnection method s, you get co nnected to[...]

94 N NAT Network Addr ess Transla tor generally ap plied by a router, that m akes m any diff erent IP addr esses on a n internal network appear to the Internet as a single address. For routing messages properly within your network, each device requires a uniqu e IP address. But the addresses may not be valid outside your network. NAT solves the pro[...]

95 b y sending a packet to the specified ad dress and wa its for a reply. It is primarily us ed to troubleshoot Internet connections. PPPoE Point-to-Point Protocol ove r Ethernet. PPPoE is a specification for connect ing the users on an Etherne t to the Internet t hrough a com mon broadba nd medium , such as DSL or cable mode m. All the users over [...]

96 R RARP Revers e Address Res olution Protocol, a TCP/I P p rotocol that allows a physic al address, such as an Ethernet address, to be translated into an IP address. RJ-45 RJ-45 connect or is use d for Ethernet cable connections. Router A router is the network software or hardware entity charged with routing packe ts between netwo rks. S Server I[...]

97 T (TCP/IP) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is a widely used transport protocol that c onnects diver se computers of various transm ission methods. I t was developed y the De partment of Def ense to connec t different computer types and led to the development of the Internet. Trans ceiver A transceiver joins two network segments t[...]

98 W WAN Wide-Area Network. A wi de-area network consis ts of groups of interconnect ed computers that are s eparated by a wide distanc e and comm unicate with each other via common carrier telecommunication techniques. Windows Windows is a graphical user interface for workst ations that use D OS. Workgroup A workgroup is a group of use rs who are [...]