Идти на страницу of
Похожие руководства по эксплуатации
-
Switch
SMSC SMC6516FF
115 страниц 0.47 mb -
Switch
SMSC USB4640i
65 страниц 1.2 mb -
Switch
SMSC SCH5617C
5 страниц 0.78 mb -
Switch
SMSC USB2512
37 страниц 0.79 mb -
Switch
SMSC USB2640i
60 страниц 1.11 mb -
Switch
SMSC TMC2005-JT
32 страниц 0.44 mb -
Switch
SMSC LAN8710i
79 страниц 1.07 mb -
Switch
SMSC LAN91C111
60 страниц 0.66 mb
Хорошее руководство по эксплуатации
Законодательство обязывает продавца передать покупателю, вместе с товаром, руководство по эксплуатации SMSC LAN9514. Отсутствие инструкции либо неправильная информация, переданная потребителю, составляют основание для рекламации в связи с несоответствием устройства с договором. В законодательстве допускается предоставлении руководства в другой, чем бумажная форме, что, в последнее время, часто используется, предоставляя графическую или электронную форму инструкции SMSC LAN9514 или обучающее видео для пользователей. Условием остается четкая и понятная форма.
Что такое руководство?
Слово происходит от латинского "instructio", тоесть привести в порядок. Следовательно в инструкции SMSC LAN9514 можно найти описание этапов поведения. Цель инструкции заключается в облегчении запуска, использования оборудования либо выполнения определенной деятельности. Инструкция является набором информации о предмете/услуге, подсказкой.
К сожалению немного пользователей находит время для чтения инструкций SMSC LAN9514, и хорошая инструкция позволяет не только узнать ряд дополнительных функций приобретенного устройства, но и позволяет избежать возникновения большинства поломок.
Из чего должно состоять идеальное руководство по эксплуатации?
Прежде всего в инструкции SMSC LAN9514 должна находится:
- информация относительно технических данных устройства SMSC LAN9514
- название производителя и год производства оборудования SMSC LAN9514
- правила обслуживания, настройки и ухода за оборудованием SMSC LAN9514
- знаки безопасности и сертификаты, подтверждающие соответствие стандартам
Почему мы не читаем инструкций?
Как правило из-за нехватки времени и уверенности в отдельных функциональностях приобретенных устройств. К сожалению само подсоединение и запуск SMSC LAN9514 это слишком мало. Инструкция заключает ряд отдельных указаний, касающихся функциональности, принципов безопасности, способов ухода (даже то, какие средства стоит использовать), возможных поломок SMSC LAN9514 и способов решения проблем, возникающих во время использования. И наконец то, в инструкции можно найти адресные данные сайта SMSC, в случае отсутствия эффективности предлагаемых решений. Сейчас очень большой популярностью пользуются инструкции в форме интересных анимаций или видео материалов, которое лучше, чем брошюра воспринимаются пользователем. Такой вид инструкции позволяет пользователю просмотреть весь фильм, не пропуская спецификацию и сложные технические описания SMSC LAN9514, как это часто бывает в случае бумажной версии.
Почему стоит читать инструкции?
Прежде всего здесь мы найдем ответы касательно конструкции, возможностей устройства SMSC LAN9514, использования отдельных аксессуаров и ряд информации, позволяющей вполне использовать все функции и упрощения.
После удачной покупки оборудования/устройства стоит посвятить несколько минут для ознакомления с каждой частью инструкции SMSC LAN9514. Сейчас их старательно готовят или переводят, чтобы они были не только понятными для пользователя, но и чтобы выполняли свою основную информационно-поддерживающую функцию.
Содержание руководства
-
Страница 1
SMSC LAN9514 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET Datasheet PRODUCT FEA TURES LAN9514 USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Highlight s Four downstream ports, one upstream port — Four integrated downstream USB 2.0 PHYs — One integrated upstream USB 2.0 PHY Integrated 10/100 Ethernet MAC with full-d uplex support Integrat[...]
-
Страница 2
ORDER NUMBERS: LAN9514-JZX FOR 64-PIN, QFN LEAD-FREE ROHS COMPLIA NT P ACKAGE (0 TO +70°C TEMP RANGE) USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 2 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 80 ARKA Y DRIVE, HAUPP AUG E, NY 1 1788 (631) 435-6 000, F AX (631) 273 -3123 Copyright © 20 09 SMSC or its sub sidiaries. All righ ts[...]
-
Страница 3
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 3 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET T able of Content s Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]
-
Страница 4
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 4 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET List of Figures Figure 1.1 Internal Blo ck Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Figure 2.1 LAN9514 64-QFN Pin Assignments (TOP VIEW) . . . . . . . . . . . [...]
-
Страница 5
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 5 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET List of T ables Table 2.1 EEPROM Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Table 2.2 JTAG Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]
-
Страница 6
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 6 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Block Diagram 1.1.1 Overview The LAN9514 is a high performance Hi-S peed USB 2.0 hub with a 10/100 Ethernet controller . With applications ranging from embedde d systems, desktop PCs, notebook PCs, printers, gam[...]
-
Страница 7
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 7 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 1.1.2 USB Hub The integrated USB hub is ful ly compliant with the US B 2.0 S pecification and will attach to a USB host as a Full-S peed Hub or as a Full-/High-S peed Hu b. The hub supports Low-S peed, Full-S peed, and High-S peed (if ope[...]
-
Страница 8
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 8 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET SUSPEND1: Supports GPIO and “Link S tatus Change” for remote wakeup events. This suspend state consumes less power than SUSPEND0. SUSPEND2: Supports only GPIO assertion for a remote wakeup event. This is the default suspend mo[...]
-
Страница 9
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 9 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET Chapter 2 Pin Description and Configuration Figure 2.1 LAN9514 64-QFN Pin As signments (T OP VIEW) NOTE: Exposed pad (VSS) on bottom of package must be connected to ground NOTE: When HP Auto-MDIX is activated, the TXN/T XP pins can functi[...]
-
Страница 10
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 10 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET T able 2 .1 EEPROM Pins NUM PINS NAME SYMBOL BUFFER TYPE DESCRIPTION 1 EEPROM Data In EEDI IS (PD) This pin is driven by the EEDO output of the external EEPROM. 1 EEPROM Data Out EEDO O8 This pin drives the EE DI input of the external EE[...]
-
Страница 11
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 1 1 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 1 Ethernet Link Activity Indicator LED nLNKA_LED OD12 (PU) This pin is driven low (LED on) when a valid link is detected. This pin is pulsed hig h (LED off) for 80mS whenever transmit or receive activity is detected. This pin is then dr[...]
-
Страница 12
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 12 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 1 T est 2 TEST2 - Used for factory testing, this pi n must always be connected to VSS fo r proper operation. 1 T est 3 TEST3 - Used for factory testing, this pi n must always be connected to VDD33IO for prop er operation. 1 24 MHz Clock [...]
-
Страница 13
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 13 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 1 USB Port Power Control 2 PRTCTL2 IS/OD12 (PU) When used as an output, this pin enables po wer to downstream USB peripheral 2. When used as an input, this pin is used to sample the output signal fro m an external current monitor for dow[...]
-
Страница 14
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 14 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET Note 2.1 Exposed pad on package bottom ( Figure 2.1 ). T able 2.5 Ethernet PHY Pins NUM PINS NAME SYMBOL BUFFER TYPE DESCRIPTION 1 Ethernet TX Data Out Negative TXN AIO Negative output of the Ethernet transmitter . The transmit data outp[...]
-
Страница 15
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 15 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET T able 2.7 64-QFN Packa ge Pin Assignments PIN NUM PIN NAME PIN NUM PIN NAME PIN NUM PIN NA ME PIN NUM PIN NAME 1 USBDM2 17 PR TCTL4 33 VDD33IO 49 VDD33A 2 USBDP2 18 PRTCTL5 34 TEST2 50 EXRES 3 USBDM3 19 VDD33IO 35 GPIO3 51 VDD33A 4 USBD[...]
-
Страница 16
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 16 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 2.1 Port Power Contro l This section details the usage of t he port power control pins PRTCTL[5:2]. 2.1.1 Port Power Control Using a USB Power Switch The LAN9514 has a sing le port power control and ove r-current sense signal for each do[...]
-
Страница 17
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 17 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 2.1.2 Port Power Control Using a Poly Fuse When using theLAN9514 with a poly fuse, an external diode must be used (See F igure 2.3 ). When disabling port power , the driver will drive a ‘0’. This procedure will have no effect since t[...]
-
Страница 18
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 18 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET Many customers use a single poly fuse to power all their devices. For the gange d situation, all power control pins must be tied together . Figure 2.4 Port Power with Ganged Control with Poly Fuse USB Device Poly Fuse 5V USB Device PRTCT[...]
-
Страница 19
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 19 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 2.2 Buffer T ypes T abl e 2.8 Buffer T ypes BUFFER TYPE DESCRIPTION IS Schmitt-triggered Input IS_5V 5V T oleran t Schmitt-triggered Input O8 Output with 8mA si nk and 8mA source OD8 Open-drain output with 8mA sink O12 Output with 12mA s[...]
-
Страница 20
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 20 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET Chapter 3 EEPROM Controller (EPC) LAN9514 may use an external EEPROM to store the default values for the USB descriptors and the MAC address. The EEPROM controller supports most “93C46” type EEPROMs. A total of nine address bits are [...]
-
Страница 21
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 21 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 09h Configuration Flags 0Ah Language ID Descriptor [7:0 ] 0Bh Language ID Descriptor [15:8] 0Ch Manufacturer ID S tring Descriptor Length (bytes) 0Dh Manufacturer ID S tring Descriptor EEPROM Word Of fset 0Eh Product Name String Descript[...]
-
Страница 22
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 22 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET Note: EEPROM byte addresses past 39h can be used to store data for any purpose. T abl e 3.2 describes the Co nfiguration Flags 2Ch M ax Power (Self) Register (MAXPS) 2Dh M ax Power (Bus) Register (MAXPB) 2Eh Hub Controller Max Current (S[...]
-
Страница 23
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 23 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 3.1.1 Hub Configuration EEPROM offset s 20h through 39h comprise the Hub Configuration parameters. T able 3.3 describes these parameters and their def ault ROM values (V alues assum ed if no valid EEPROM present). T able 3.3 Hub Configur[...]
-
Страница 24
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 24 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 2Ah Port Disable (Self) Register (PDS) Disables 1 or more ports. 0 = Port is available 1 = Port is disabled During Self-Powered opera tion, this selects the ports which will be permanentl y disabled, and are n ot available to be enable d[...]
-
Страница 25
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 25 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 2Eh Hub Controller Max Current (Self) Register (HCMCS) V alue in 2mA increments that the Hub con sumes from an upstream port (VBUS) when operating as a self-powere d hub. This value includes the hub silicon along with the combined power [...]
-
Страница 26
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 26 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 36h Port Remap 12 Register (PRTR12) When a hub is enumerated by a USB Host C ontroller, the hub is only permitted to report how many ports it has. The hub is not permitted to select a numerical range or assignment. The Host Controller wi[...]
-
Страница 27
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 27 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 37h Port Remap 34 Register (PRTR34) When a hub is enumerated by a USB Host C ontroller, the hub is only permitted to report how many ports it has. The hub is not permitted to select a numerical range or assignment. The Host Controller wi[...]
-
Страница 28
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 28 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET Note 3.1 Default value is depe ndent on device revi sion. 38h Port Remap 5 Regis ter (PRTR5) When a hub is enumerated by a USB Host C ontroller , the hub is only permitted to report how many ports it has. The hub is not permitted to sele[...]
-
Страница 29
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 29 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET T able 3.4 Config Dat a Byte 1 Register (CFG1 ) Format BIT S DESCRIPTION DEFAULT 7 Self or Bus Power (SELF_BUS_PWR) Selects between Self or Bus-Powered opera tion. 0 = Bus-Powered 1 = Self-Power ed The Hub is either Self-Po wered (d raws[...]
-
Страница 30
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 30 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 2:1 Over Current Sense (CURRENT_SNS) Selects current sensing on a port-b y-port basis, all ports ganged, o r none (only for bus-powered hubs) The abil ity to support current sensing on a port or ganged basis is hardwa re implementation d[...]
-
Страница 31
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 31 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET T able 3.6 Config Dat a Byte 3 Register (CFG3 ) Format BIT S DESCRIPTION DEFAULT 7:4 RESERVE D 0h 3 Port Re-Mapping Enable (PRTMAP_EN) Selects the method used by the Hub to assig n port numbers and disable ports. 0 = S tandard Mode. The [...]
-
Страница 32
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 32 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET T able 3.9 Boost_4:2 Register (BOOST42) Format BIT S DESCRIPTION DEFAULT 7:6 Up stream USB Electric al Signaling Drive Strength Boost Bit for Downstream Port 4 (B OOST_IOUT_4) 00 = Normal electrical drive streng th 01 = Elevated electric[...]
-
Страница 33
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 33 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 3.2 EEPROM Default s The signature value o f 0xA5 is stored at address 0. A diff erent signature value indicates to the EEPROM controller that no EEPROM or an un-progr ammed EEPROM is attached to the device. In this case, the hardware de[...]
-
Страница 34
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 34 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 3.4 An Example of EEPROM Format Interpret ation T able 3.12 and T able 3.13 provide an example of how the content s of a EEPROM are formatted. T abl e 3.12 is a dump of the EEPROM me mory (256-byte EEPROM), while Ta b l e 3 . 1 3 illustr[...]
-
Страница 35
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 35 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET T able 3.13 EEPROM Example - 256 Byte EEPROM EEPROM ADDRESS EEPROM CONTENT S (HEX) DESCRIPTION 00h A5 EEPRO M Programmed Ind icator 01h-06h 12 34 56 7 8 9A BC MAC Address 12 34 56 78 9A BC 07h 01 Full-Speed Polling Interval for Interrupt[...]
-
Страница 36
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 36 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 22h 14 Product ID LSB Register (PID L) 23h 95 Product ID MSB Register (PIDM) 24h 00 Device ID LSB Register (D IDL) 25h 01 Device ID MSB Register (DIDM) 26h 9B Config Data Byte 1 Register (CFG1) 27h 18 Config Data Byte 2 Register (CFG2) 2[...]
-
Страница 37
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 37 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 49h 00 Subcla ss Code 4Ah FF Protocol Code 4Bh 40 Maximum Packet Size for Endpoint 0 4Ch-4Dh 24 04 V endor ID (0424h) 4Eh-4Fh 00 EC Product ID (EC00h) 50h-51h 00 01 Device Release Numb er (0100h) 52h 01 Index of Manufacturer S tring Desc[...]
-
Страница 38
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 38 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 6Dh 00 Subclass Code 6Eh FF Protocol Code 6Fh 40 Maximum Packet Size for Endpoint 0 70h-71h 24 04 V endor ID (0424h) 72h-73h 00 EC Product ID (EC00h) 74h-75h 00 01 Device Release Numb er (0100h) 76 01 Index of Man ufacturer S tring Descr[...]
-
Страница 39
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 39 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET Chapter 4 Operational Characteristics 4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings* Supply V oltage (VDD33IO, VDD33A) ( Note 4.1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0V to +3.6V Positive voltage on signal pins, with resp[...]
-
Страница 40
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 40 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 4.3 Power Consumption This section details the power consumption of the device as me asured during variou s modes of operation. Power dissipation is determined by temper ature, supply voltage, and external so urce/sink requirements. 4.3.[...]
-
Страница 41
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 41 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 4.4 DC S pecifications Note 4.5 This specification appli es to all inputs and tri-stated bi-directional pins. In ternal pull-down and pull-up resi stors add +/- 50uA p er-pin (typical) T able 4.2 I/O Buffer Characteristics PARAMETER SYMB[...]
-
Страница 42
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 42 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET Note 4.6 This is the total 5.5V input l eakage for the entire device. Note 4.7 XI can optionally be d riven from a 25MHz single-ended clock oscil lator . Note 4.8 Measured at line side of transformer , line replaced by 100 Ω (+/- 1%) re[...]
-
Страница 43
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 43 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 4.5 AC S pecifications This section details the various AC ti ming specifications of the LAN9514. Note: The USBDP and USBDM pin timing adheres to th e USB 2.0 specification. Refer to the Universal Serial Bus Revisio n 2.0 specification f[...]
-
Страница 44
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 44 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET 4.5.3 EEPROM Timing The following specifies th e EEPROM timing requirements for LAN9514: Figure 4.1 EEPROM Timing T able 4.5 EEPROM Timing V alues SYMBOL DESCRIPTION MIN TYP MAX UNITS t ckcyc EECLK Cycle time 1 1 10 1 130 ns t ckh EECLK [...]
-
Страница 45
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 45 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET 4.6 Clock Circuit LAN9514 can accept either a 25MHz crystal (preferred) or a 25MHz single-e nded clock oscillator (+/- 50ppm) input. If the single -ended clock oscillator method is implemented, XO should be lef t unconnected and XI shoul[...]
-
Страница 46
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) 46 SMSC LAN9514 DA T ASHEET Chapter 5 Package Outline 5.1 64-QFN Package Figure 5.1 LAN9514 64-QFN Package Definition T able 5.1 LAN9514 64-QFN Dimensions MIN NOMINAL MAX REMARKS A 0.80 0.85 1.00 Overall Package Height A1 0.00 0.02 0.05 S tandoff A2 - 0.65 0.80 Mol[...]
-
Страница 47
USB Hub with Integrated 10/100 Ethernet Controller Datasheet SMSC LAN9514 47 Revision 1.0 (04-20-09) DA T ASHEET Notes: 1. All dimensions are in mill imeters unless otherwise noted. 2. Dimension “b” applies to plated termina ls and is m easured between 0.15 and 0.30 mm from the ter minal tip. 3. Details of terminal #1 identifier are optional, b[...]