Tektronix 3000 manual

User Manual Grass Valley Model 3000 Digital Production Switcher Software Release 5.3 071-0159-00 R e vised Printing: Februar y , 1998[...]

Customer Suppor t T ektronix Grass V alley Pr oducts is committed to providing the most responsive and pr ofessional product support available. W e have a fully staffed, highly trained support team r eady to respond to anything from a simple question to an emer gency repair . Sup- port is available via telephone or email. For new and updated cus- t[...]

iii Contents Preface Welcome to the Model 3000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Organization of This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii How to use this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Conventions used in th[...]

iv Contents Dual Chroma Keyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18 Borderline® Key Edge Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18 Secondary Wipe Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18 Safe Title/Action Area Generator . . . . . . . . . . [...]

v Contents Control Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40 Configuring the DPM Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-41 For Kaleidoscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42 For a DPM-700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

vi Contents Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Clear Working Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 CWB Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Auto Delegation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

vii Contents Section 4 — Switcher Operations About this Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Starting Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Switcher Hardware Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

viii Contents Storing an Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-50 Recalling an Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-50 Learning Effects Dissolve Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-51 E-MEM Learn Sequence Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

ix Contents Floppy Disk Drive Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-77 Format Diskettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-77 Creating Directories and Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-78 Store and Name An E-MEM File . . . . .[...]

x Contents Appendix C — Super Black Definition of Super Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

xi Pr eface Welcome to the Model 3000 This manual provides you with the information you need to configure and operate the Model 3000-2 or Model 3000-3 Digital Switching System. Included here ar e system setup procedur es, switcher concepts, and switcher operating procedur es. Refer to the Model 3000 Operation Reference manual for detailed descript[...]

xii Preface Organization of This Manual The main areas of this manual ar e arranged as follows: System Overview — Describes the basic architectur e of the Model 3000 switcher . Startup & Configuration — Describes turning on the system and setting up its operating parameters. Concepts — Describes several switcher concepts you’ll need to [...]

xiii How to use this manual How to use this manual This manual, the Model 3000 User Guide, is intended initially to get you up and running with the Model 3000 switcher , and later to answer more detailed questions you may have r egarding operation. W e suggest that you read the System Overview first, to familiarize yourself with the system archite[...]

xiv Preface If you have any comments about this manual, we would like to hear from you. Please write to: T ektronix, Inc. Grass V alley Products T echnical Publications Department PO Box 1 1 14 Grass V alley , CA 95945 Conventions used in this manual The following graphical and typestyle conventions are used throughout this manual. Button and Panel[...]

xv Conventions used in this manual Menu References Many Model 3000 features may be accessed via the menu display and its associated “soft” buttons and “soft” knobs. The term “soft” merely means that the function of the button or knob is temporary , being assigned via the menu display . An illustration similar to the following may be use[...]

xvi Preface[...]

1-1 1 Introduction This section presents a general description of the Grass V alley Model 3000 Switching System, pointing out specific areas of interest to the operator . Both the 3000-2 (a two-effects switcher) and the 3000-3 (a three-ef fects switcher) are cover ed. The Control Panel and Signal Pr ocessor descriptions given in this section will [...]

1-2 Section 1 — System Overview General Description The Model 3000 is a multi-format digital switcher that can manipulate a variety of composite digital and analog video and key signals through the use of 10-bit digital pr ocessing. V ideo inputs and outputs can be a combination of analog, digital bit serial, and digital bit parallel, depending u[...]

1-3 Standard Features Standard Features ■ Auto-T imed Inputs ■ Multi-format Input capability - Composite Analog, Serial Digital, and Parallel Digital ■ Multi-format Output capability ■ Fineline Keying ■ Complex Matte Generators ■ Full Complement of W ipe Patterns ■ Key Channel Throughout ■ 10-Bit Processing Thr oughout ■ Shaped V [...]

1-4 Section 1 — System Overview Optional Features ■ Additional video and key inputs, up to 64 total ■ Additional video and key outputs ■ A Second W ipe Pattern Generator (one module that provides a second wipe pattern for each M/E) ■ Borderline on each Keyer ■ Dual Chroma Keyers for each M/E ■ Preview Outputs ■ Aux Buses ■ Safe T [...]

1-5 Physical Description Physical Description The switcher consists of three main ar eas: the Control Panel, the Signal Processor Frame, and the Frame Power Supply (see Figure 1-1 ). The electr onic circuitry in the Model 3000 is primarily contained on circuit boar ds and modules in the Signal Processor Frame and Control Panel. Signal Processor Fra[...]

1-6 Section 1 — System Overview Power Supplies T wo power supplies are used in the basic Model 3000 system: a control panel power supply , located in the control panel tub, and a 19" rack mount power supply used by the Signal Processor Frame. Optional Redundant power supplies are available. CONTROL PANEL POWER SUPPLY Frame Power Supply Signa[...]

1-7 Physical Description Control Panel The Control Panel is the operator interface for the Model 3000 system. The operator performs all actions via physical buttons and knobs and a software-driven menu. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 BLACK 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 BLACK 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 BLACK 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 BLACK[...]

1-8 Section 1 — System Overview The Control Panel also pr ovides connectors for the Mask Draw option and the data link to the Signal Processor Frame. UNCAL UNCAL UNCAL UNCAL PVW/AUX 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 BLACK 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 BLACK 15 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 BLK 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 22 21 20 19 18 17[...]

1-9 Video and Key Inputs and Outputs Video and Key Inputs and Outputs Inputs Three types of input options may be installed in the Signal Processor Frame to suit the needs of your installation. Each input module supports four inputs and provides auto-timing of each input. The following types of input modules are available. NOTE: Each of these inputs[...]

1-10 Section 1 — System Overview Figure 1-4. V ideo and Key Inputs Signal Processor Frame Module Cells A1 through A3 Up to 16 Quad Input Modules (Any mix of module types) Up to 3 Dual RGB Input Modules QUAD ANALOG INPUT MODULE QUAD PARALLEL DIGITAL INPUT MODULE QUAD SERIAL DIGITAL INPUT MODULE DUAL RGB INPUT MODULE DUAL RGB INPUT MODULE Module Ce[...]

1-11 Video and Key Inputs and Outputs Outputs Regardless of the format of the input signals, the Signal Pr ocessor can provide outputs in any composite format. Signal outputs are pr ovided by output modules installed in the Signal Processor Frame (see Figur e 1-5 ). Each output module provides four video/key signal outputs of a given type, with up [...]

1-12 Section 1 — System Overview Signal Processor Frame Up to 14 Quad Output Modules (Any mix of module types) QUAD ANALOG OUTPUT MODULE QUAD PARALLEL DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE QUAD SERIAL DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE Module Cells A4 through A17 0348-04 4 Signal Channels per Module 3 Outputs of each Signal 4 Signal Channels per Module 3 Outputs of each Sign[...]

1-13 Functional Description Functional Description Overview Figure 1-6 shows the video flow in a typical Model 3000 switching system. V ideo and key signals enter the Input Section of the Model 3000, which consists of analog, parallel digital, and/or serial digital modules. The analog signals are converted to digital format, and all inputs are tim[...]

1-14 Section 1 — System Overview Video Processing Input video and key signal selections are made by the Cr osspoint Matrix under control of the system Contr oller , according to operator assignments entered via the Contr ol Panel. In addition to primary (external) video, secondary (internal) sources such as Masks, M/E r e-entry video, and optiona[...]

1-15 Functional Description Each M/E has two keyers and two background buses (A and B) as inputs. In standard mode, Keyers 1 and 2 can be mixed into a composite video and key which can be forwarded to the DSK, another other M/E, or output. In layered mode, Backgr ounds A and B are also used as keyers that operate in a manner similar to Keyers 1 and[...]

1-16 Section 1 — System Overview To/From All Circuits Aux Bus 1A-4B Frame Store Video and Key Video Signals In Key Signals In RGB Inputs DUAL CHROMA KEYERS DUAL RGB INPUT MODULES QUAD INPUT MODULES ANALOG, PARALLEL DIGITAL, AND SERIAL DIGITAL M/E Program Video and Key Switched Preview and Mask Clipped Mask and Mask Store Video 0702-05L (control b[...]

1-17 Functional Description Figure 1-6. V ideo Flow Diagram of T ypical Model 3000 Switching System DIAGNOSTIC PROBE Frame Store Video and Key M/E 1 & M/E 2 MIXERS FRAME STORE FOR VIDEO, KEY, AND MASK STORAGE SECONDARY WIPE OPTION Aux Bus 1A-4B Video and Key QUAD OUTPUT MODULES ANALOG, PARALLEL DIGITAL, AND SERIAL DIGITAL PGM/PST MIXER AND DUAL[...]

1-18 Section 1 — System Overview Description of Options The following options are curr ently available for the Model 3000 Switcher . For more details on these options, refer to the appropriate subpanel descriptions later in this manual. Dual Chroma Keyer Up to six analog component (RGB, YUV , or Betacam®) or composite inputs can be chroma keyed,[...]

1-19 Description of Options Safe Title/Action Area Generator The Safe T itle/Action Ar ea Generator provides up to four differ ent patterns that can be superimposed on the switched preview output of the switcher . It may be used to define a safe title area, safe action ar ea, or for screen centering and horizontal/ vertical alignment of picture el[...]

1-20 Section 1 — System Overview Tally Output The T ally Relay module provides tally outputs that r eflect the switcher status. A r ear-panel inter connect board pr ovides the relay contacts at two connectors for on-air T ally A and on-air T ally B. Pin-outs for the T ally connectors are given in the Installation section of the System Informatio[...]

2-1 2 Introduction This section describes turning on the Model 3000 and configuring it to your facility . Included are procedur es for setting the system clock, configuring inputs and outputs, configuring external interfaces, and setting user prefer ences. The following items are discussed in this manual section: ■ Powering Up on page 2-2 ■ [...]

2-2 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Powering Up The Model 3000 is designed for continuous operation. It may already be on and operating; however , the following power-up procedur e is provided in the event that it isn’t: 1. T urn on the power switch on the front of the Signal Pr ocessor Power Supply . V erify that the power supply volta[...]

2-3 Powering Up The data contained in the Current W orking Buffer is used for all normal operations. At any time, this data (the current switcher state) can be returned to the user -defined default values by pressing the CLEAR WORK BUFR button on the Ef fects Memory subpanel. In addition, the user-defined default state can be changed at any time [...]

2-4 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration 2. Press the INSTALL INFO> soft button to bring up the Main Boards Menu: This menu shows the functions of all the slots in the center card cage (Bay B). Each slot that has a module installed indicates the presence of the module by listing its assembly/version number . (No assembly/version is shown fo[...]

2-5 Powering Up 3. Press the UPPER BOARDS soft button. This menu shows what slots in the upper card cage (Bay A) have modules installed, and the format and assembly/version number for each installed module. Y ou may wish to refer back to this menu when you ar e setting parameters for analog and digital outputs and RGB chroma keyer inputs. SLOT 1 2 [...]

2-6 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration 4. Press the LOWER BOARDS button. This menu shows what slots in the lower card cage (Bay C) have modules installed, and the format and assembly/version number for each installed module. Y ou may wish to refer back to this menu when you ar e setting parameters for analog and digital inputs. SLOT 1 2 3 4 [...]

2-7 Software Setup Software Setup The system parameters to be used at a particular site or in a specific studio are usually configur ed immediately following installation of the equipment. These include defining input sources, assigning those sour ces to crosspoints, setting output levels, and defining external interfaces. These operations are [...]

2-8 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration CONFG ON/OFF ON/OFF ON/OFF ON/OFF ON/OFF See CONFIG Part 2 7.5 IRE 0 IRE XMITABLE VALID RGB BOTH NONE SELECT CONFIRM VIDEO/KEY FMT LOG/PHYS ASSIGN NAME XPT BUTTON 0754#1 GROUP SELECT CARD SELECT INPUT ... INPUT ... INPUT ... INPUT ... GROUP SELECT CARD SELECT INPUT ... INPUT ... INPUT ... INPUT ... 1 TO[...]

2-9 Software Setup NOTE: User Prefer ences will be addressed at the end of this section. Refer to page 2-54 . OFF GPI 1 — 8 1 — 8 CONFG ODD EVEN NONE 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 ON OFF ON OFF SHAPED UNSHAPED OUTPUT SELECT SUPER BLACK SETUP ON KEY VIDEO/KEY FMT LIMITER DIGITAL RES OUTPUT TIMING 0754#2 LUM CLIP PGM M/E 1 PGM M/E 2 PGM M/E 3 PGM AU[...]

2-10 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Setting System Parameters The System Parameters Menu allows you to set the video standard (internal black level), to select the matte generator chroma limiting algorithm, to adjust horizontal blanking and the super black output level, and to set the system clock. 1. Press the SYSTEM PARAMS> soft but[...]

2-11 Setting System Parameters 4. Set the END HORIZONTAL BLANKING soft knob as desired. This adjusts the end of H blanking over a range of -16.0 clocks to +16.0 clocks. The default value is 0.0 clocks. Pressing the H-BLANKING DEFAULT button r esets the horizontal blanking start and end values to Grass V alley default settings (0.0 clocks). 5. Set t[...]

2-12 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Setting the System Clock 1. From the System Parameters Menu, pr ess the SET CLOCK> soft button to display the Set Clock Menu. 2. Set the date by selecting DATE with the SELECT button and turning the soft knobs to select the appropriate YEAR , MONTH , and DAY . 3. Press the CONFIRM button to enter th[...]

2-13 Setting System Parameters 4. Set the time by selecting TIME with the SELECT button and using the soft knobs to select the HOUR, MINUTE, and SECOND. 5. Press the CONFIRM button to enter the new time. 6. Press the EXIT button to r eturn to the Configuration Menu. SET CLOCK MENU config / system param / set clock SELECT CONFIRM SECOND = 0 HOUR = [...]

2-14 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Configuring Inputs Primary video and key inputs to the switcher are number ed 1 through 64. Each input can be tr eated as either a video signal or a key signal. Each input, including Black and Background, can be mapped to any vertical column of source select (“cr osspoint”) buttons. Internally-gene[...]

2-15 Configuring Inputs From the Configuration Menu, pr ess the INPUTS> button to bring up the Inputs Menu. The Inputs Menu allows you to enter or change the various configuration settings for your inputs. INPUTS MENU config / inputs EXT KEY SYNC > DIGITAL RES > SETUP ON KEY > MAP INPUTS > CHR KEY INPUTS > TOP TEST SIGNAL GPI IN[...]

2-16 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Setting Input Digital Resolution 1. From the Inputs Menu, select DIGITAL RES> to display the Input Digital Resolution Menu. 2. T o set the digital resolution of a particular input, select the group of input car ds with the GROUP SELECT button. In the example above, Input Module 14 (repr esenting inp[...]

2-17 Configuring Inputs Configuring External Key Sync 1. From the Inputs Menu, pr ess the EXT KEY SYNC> button to select the External Key Sync Menu. 2. Use the GROUP SELECT and CARD SELECT buttons to select the appropriate inputs. 3. Set the key sync to either AUTOMATIC or MANUAL for each of the four selected digital inputs. 4. Note that a soft [...]

2-18 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Configuring Key Setup 1. From the Inputs Menu, pr ess SETUP ON KEY> to select the Setup On Key Menu. 2. Use the GROUP SELECT and CARD SELECT buttons to select the appropriate inputs. 3. Set the setup to either NO SETUP or KEY SETUP for each of the four selected inputs. 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until [...]

2-19 Configuring Inputs Mapping Crosspoints The Map Inputs Menu allows you to define the format for each video or key input. 1. From the Inputs Menu, pr ess the MAP INPUTS> button to select the Map Inputs Menu. 2. W ith the LOG/PHYS ASSIGNMENT button, select PHYS INPUTS . NOTE: The LOG CHANNEL function of the LOG/PHYS ASSIGNMENT button will be [...]

2-20 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration 4. Use the appropriate soft knob to select the desir ed type of input. Note that input formats are displayed when selecting input type. NOTE: Any crosspoint that is undefined defaults to black. 5. T o map a chroma key input, use the CHROMA KEY INPUT soft knob to assign the chroma key input for the cur[...]

2-21 Configuring Inputs 8. Select each character by turning the soft knobs located to the right of the Menu Display . 9. Enter the selected character by pressing the ACCEPT CHAR button. The new character will be displayed in the menu. 10. Continue selecting characters in this manner until the desired name is spelled out in the menu. Y ou may enter [...]

2-22 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Formatting Chroma Key Inputs 1. From the Inputs Menu, pr ess the CHR KEY INPUTS> button to select the Chroma Key Inputs Menu: 2. In the Chroma Key Inputs Menu, select the appr opriate chroma key input and select the desir ed input format for that input. 3. Adjust the coarse and fine timing for each[...]

2-23 Configuring Inputs Assigning GPI Inputs The GPI Inputs Menu allows you to configure GPI assignments for signals that can be used to trigger Model 3000 functions. These assignments must correspond to the physical GPI connections described in the Installation section of the System Information manual. Eight GPI inputs are pr ovided. All of these[...]

2-24 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration The types of GPI assignments available are Miscellaneous (Aux T allies), Keyframe Effects, Auto T ransitions, Cuts, E-MEM registers, and Frame Stor es, as indicated by the labels under the bracket in the display . One of these functions is always selected; the selected function is indicated in parenthe[...]

2-25 Configuring Inputs AUTO TRANS — Enables selection of the Auto T ransition GPI function. The following transitions may be triggered with GPI pulses: M/E 1 , M/E 2 , M/E 3 , F-F , and F-F PST BLK CUT — Enables selection of the Cut GPI function. The following cuts may be triggered by the GPI: M/E 1 , M/E 2 , M/E 3 , and F-F E-MEM — Enables [...]

2-26 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Configuring Outputs The signal formats of the Model 3000 output modules for your installation are set up fr om the Outputs Menu. 1. Press the CONFG button on the main menu subpanel. 2. From the Configuration Menu, select OUTPUTS> to display the Outputs Menu. 3. Select the output to change from the [...]

2-27 Configuring Outputs NOTE: The VIDEO/KEY FMT selections apply only to the Program output and Aux Bus 1-through 4 signals. UNSHAPER — Sets the output processing to pr ovide the type of signal desired by the external device: ON if the video is already shaped but the external device needs a full scr een- sized picture; OFF if the device can acce[...]

2-28 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Setting Switcher Output Timing W ith the Ef fects Send option installed in a Model 3000, the PGM output on Aux Buses 1 thr ough 4 was delayed compar ed to other switcher outputs. Software pr ovides an adjustment of the switcher length that allows you to match the timing of all outputs. CA UTION Adjustm[...]

2-29 Configuring Outputs 2. Press the OUTPUT TIMING soft button to bring up the Output T iming menu. The OUTPUT TIMING OFFSET knob allows you to increase the overall switcher length by from 1 to 255 clocks. 1 Default timing is 0 clocks. 3. Adjust the OUTPUT TIMING OFFSET knob as requir ed to make the video look best under your operating conditions.[...]

2-30 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Setting Output Digital Resolution 1. From the Outputs Menu, pr ess the DIGITAL RES> button to bring up the Output Digital Resolution Menu. This menu allows you to set each digital output to 8- or 10-bit resolution. OUTPUT DIGITAL RESOLUTION MENU config / outputs / digital res CARD SELECT GROUP SELEC[...]

2-31 Configuring Outputs 2. Use the GROUP SELECT and CARD SELECT buttons to select the appropriate outputs. Note that as the output boards ar e selected with CARD SELECT , the names of the outputs change above the soft buttons. 3. Set the resolution to either 8-BIT or 10-BIT for each of the four selected digital outputs. 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 unt[...]

2-32 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Configuring External Interfaces Most parameters for external interfaces can be set up or changed through the External Interface Menu. 1. From the Configuration Menu, select EXTERN I/F> to display the External Interface Menu. This menu provides selections for defining interface parameters for perip[...]

2-33 Configuring External Interfaces Setting Editor Port Parameters 1. From the External Interface Menu, pr ess EDITOR I/F> to select the Editor Interface Menu. 2. W ith the BAUD and PARITY buttons, select the baud rate and parity parameters for the editor port by incrementing to the desired settings. 3. Press EXIT to r eturn to the External Int[...]

2-34 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Configuring a DPM Digital Picture Manipulators (DPMs) ar e external video devices connected to the switcher . In this discussion, reference is also made to DPM levels, which are E-MEM levels into which DPM- associated information is learned. The combined system capabilities of the switcher and DPMs dep[...]

2-35 Configuring External Interfaces There ar e four steps in configuring the video path: ■ Aux buses are assigned to DPMs using the DPM Map Aux Buses Menu ■ Return input connections are configur ed using the DPM Map Inputs Menu ■ The mapping of a return connection to a cr osspoint is done using the Configuration/Map Inputs Menu ■ The vi[...]

2-36 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Both KSCOPE and KRYSTAL are selections for pooled devices. A pooled device is one which provides acquisition of logical channels from a pool of physical channels. Kaleidoscope is a pooled device. As an example, consider a Kaleidoscope having 5 physical channels named A, B, C, D, and E. The pooled chann[...]

2-37 Configuring External Interfaces The Aux Bus button selection made on the switcher contr ol panel is always a logical aux bus; however , unless Kaleidoscope is connected, Logical Aux Bus 1 always corresponds to Physical Aux Bus 1, etc. (The current mapping of physical-to-logical DPM channels is displayed in the DPM Map Inputs Menu.) It should b[...]

2-38 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration For a particular studio session, three Kaleidoscope channels could be acquired fr om the pool in the order D, E, A, which would be logical channels 1, 2, 3. This mapping information is passed from the DPM to the switcher via the control connection. Switcher output routing ensur es that the logical chan[...]

2-39 Configuring External Interfaces Kaleidoscope Logical Channels To Other Suites Aux Bus Outputs From Other Suites Kaleidoscope Channel Pool Router/ Patch Panel 16 Inputs Aux 1 Aux 7 Aux 4 Aux 6 Aux 5 Aux 3 Aux 2 A C E G B D F H Model 3000 Logical Channel 2 Logical Channel 5 Logical Channel 4 Logical Channel 3 Logical Channel 1 0347-02-30 H G F E[...]

2-40 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Control Connections Three forms of contr ol connection to the DPMs are supported. These are: ■ CPL (Control Point Language) ■ PBusII (Peripheral Bus II) ■ GPIs Control P oint Language — CPL is the communication pr otocol used to couple the switcher with Kaleidoscope or Krystal. One of its uses [...]

2-41 Configuring External Interfaces PORT ASSIGN = NONE CHANNEL ROUTING = OFF GPIs — Both input and output GPIs may be used as triggers as part of the control interface between the DPM and switcher . Depending on the nature of the DPM, GPIs can be used for ef fect recall and r un control, sour ce selection, and tally information. Configuring the [...]

2-42 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration For Kaleidoscope a. Set the DPM TYPE in the 3000 DPM Setup Menu to KSCOPE. NOTE: A delay has been introduced when changing DPM TYPE. This delay allows a new DPM TYPE to be chosen without cycling through intermediate DPM Types. Once the desired solution has been made, the new DPM TYPE will be set 2 seco[...]

2-43 Configuring External Interfaces For DVEous: a. Set the DPM TYPE to DVEOUS. b. T urn the VIDEO DELAY soft knob to select 2 FIELDS . It is important to set this delay correctly . c. T urn the CONTROL DELAY soft knob to select 7 FIELDS . d. Press the PORT ASSIGN button to assign POR T A1 to the DPM. The baud rate for Port A1 is fixed at 307 K ba[...]

2-44 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration NOTE: Increasing the EFF SEND DELA Y any further will not change the Effects Send appearance. It will, however , delay the entry into Effects Send unnecessarily . Mapping DPM Aux Buses Set up the aux bus-to-device assignment as follows: 1. From the DPM Setup Menu, pr ess DPM MAP AUX BUSES> to access[...]

2-45 Configuring External Interfaces NOTE: All aux buses assigned to a DPM must be in consecutive order . 4. For a DPM-700 , set the NUMBER OF CHANNELS and CHANNEL 1 = soft knobs as appropriate for your installation. NOTE: Assigning an Aux Bus to a DPM level saves the parameters under the DPM level, rather than the MISC level for E-MEM operations. [...]

2-46 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration 2. Press the DPM SELECT button to select the desir ed DEVICE (1 through 4). 3. Press the CHANNEL SELECT button to select the desir ed DEVICE channel. 4. T urn the VIDEO INPUT knob to assign the Model 3000 physical input 1 to 64 to which this DPM video return was connected during cabling. 5. T urn the K[...]

2-47 Configuring External Interfaces assign logical channel 1 of DPM 1 by selecting DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1 . 5. Rotate the KEY INPUT knob to assign the desired DPM number and logical channel for this crosspoint. For example, assign logical channel 1 of DPM 1 by selecting DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1. 6. Rotate the CHROMA KEY INPUT knob to select the chroma key input[...]

2-48 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Mapping Kaleidoscope Source Buttons The DPM Kscope Source Menu allows you to map Kaleidoscope video source cr osspoints to your switcher video source crosspoints. Y ou may set this map to a Grass V alley default or you may map each Kaleidoscope source button individually to the switcher crosspoint butt[...]

2-49 Configuring External Interfaces Configuring the Peripheral Interface The Peripheral Interface Menu allows you to set up the parameters for the Peripheral Bus II port (A3). 1. From the Configuration Menu, pr ess EXTERN I/F> , then PERIPHERAL I/F> to bring up the Peripheral Interface Menu. 2. Select the baud rate and parity parameters for[...]

2-50 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Assigning Peripheral Triggers This menu allows you to configure up to eight peripheral triggers for the switcher (designated A through H). Each trigger is sent to a particular address (Device Number) on the Peripheral Bus. Once configured, these triggers can be learned into E-MEM ef fects (on MISC or[...]

2-51 Configuring External Interfaces 6. T urn FUNCTION NUMBER to select the function of the device that will be triggered by a trigger message on the Peripheral II bus. 7. Use the LEVEL soft knob to select which E-MEM level will activate the selected trigger. For a DPM-700, these functions depend on whether the DPM is operating in trigger mode or E[...]

2-52 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Configuring GPI Outputs GPI Output triggers each time there is a cut on the PGM Bus. This GPI is typically connected to an external device such as a clock/ timer which is reset by each trigger . Such a clock would then indicate how long the current sour ce has been on air . The duration of GPI Output T[...]

2-53 Formatting Aux Buses Formatting Aux Buses Each of the 7 aux buses consists of an “A” bus and a “B” bus. The A buses are for video only . The B buses may be either video or key , as configured by the Aux Bus Format Menu. 1. From the Configuration Menu, pr ess AUX BUS FORMAT> to display the Aux Bus Format Menu. 2. For each B bus to [...]

2-54 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Setting User Preferences The User Prefer ences Menus are used to gain access to certain parameters that the operator may need to change. 1. From the Configuration Menu, pr ess the USER PREFS> button to bring up the User Prefer ences Menu: Setting Shift Lock Operation Switcher crosspoint buses may b[...]

2-55 Setting User Preferences To Shift Lock a Bus W ith LATCH enabled on the User Prefer ences Menu, press and hold the [SHIFT] button while selecting a crosspoint. The bus containing that crosspoint is now locked into a shifted state. Any crosspoint selected on this bus will now be a shifted cr osspoint. The [SHIFT] button light will remain ON whi[...]

2-56 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Setting Keyer Preferences From the User Pr eferences Menu, pr ess the KEYER PREFS> button to display the Keyer Prefer ences Menu: The DSK DROP button allows you to enable or disable DSK Drop mode. The KEY MEMORY button allows you to turn on or off the key memory feature. The CLEAR KEY MEM> button[...]

2-57 Setting User Preferences 2. From the Keyer Pr eferences Menu, press CLEAR KEY MEM> to bring up the Clear Key Memory Menu. This menu allows you to clear the key memory settings for selected areas of the switcher . 3. W ith the SECTION SELECT and BUS SELECT buttons, select the area of the switcher whose key memory you wish to clear . T o sele[...]

2-58 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Setting Preview Preferences 1. From the User Pr eferences Menu, pr ess the PREVIEW PREFS> button to display the Preview Pr eferences Menu. NOTE: It is important to note that these menu setups affect only the PVW output connectors and the PVW Monitor(s) 2. Press PVW SELECT to select the switcher subs[...]

2-59 Setting User Preferences NOTE: The optional M/E Preview mezzanine board must be installed in each M/E in order to select AUTO and LOOKAHEAD Preview Modes. These selections will not be displayed in the menu if the board is not installed. The choice of the Preview Mode to be used depends primarily on how many monitors you have per M/E and how yo[...]

2-60 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Switcher PGM PVW Switcher AUTO Switcher PGM 2 Monitors per M/E 1 Monitor per M/E 1 Monitor per M/E M/E 2 PGM Out M/E 2 PVW Out PVW Out PVW Out Fixed Lookahead PGM Out - Low Tally Lookahead - Hi Tally Fixed PGM (In effect, no PVW function enabled.) Figure 2-5. Pr eview Mode Configurations[...]

2-61 Setting User Preferences 4. Use the DIM PVW button to assign one of the Dim Preview modes to the selected keyer , as follows: ALL KEYERS — Causes the preview of all keyers using a mask on that M/E or DSK to dim on the Preview monitor . DELEG KEYER — Causes only the preview of the keyer that is currently delegated and inserting a mask on th[...]

2-62 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Setting Beeper Preferences Y ou may wish to customize the beeper alert system. Beeper prefer ences are selected on the Configuration/User Pr eferences/ Beeper Prefer ences Menu shown below . BEEPER ON/OFF — Use to enable or disable the beeper alert system. WARNING — Use to enable or disable beeper[...]

2-63 Setting User-Defined System Defaults Setting User-Defined System Defaults The Define Defaults Menu allows you to change the default values that are stor ed in memory and used when the switcher is turned on or the CLEAR WORK BUFR button is pressed. The values stor ed in the User-Defined Default Buf fer (battery-backed RAM) are loaded into the[...]

2-64 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Operating Notes Field Dominance Selection In the Model 3000 Switcher , all “set” changes such as crosspoint selections and E-MEM recalls take ef fect during the vertical interval of the video signal, just prior to either Field 1 or Field 2. The Field Dominance feature in the Configuration/System P[...]

2-65 Operating Notes If an Editor or a GPI trigger initiates one of these functions, it will produce the same ef fect as a control panel change. That is, the initiation of any of these functions will be delayed until the beginning of the selected dominant field. Summary . If you are r ecording the output of the Model 3000 on video tape and will be[...]

2-66 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration 2. Select either BLACK SCREEN or WHITE SCREEN for your mask store backgr ound. Then select either a BLACK (for white screen) or WHITE (for black scr een) brush with the BRUSH SOURCE button. Hint: If you are using a black br ush on a white screen you may want to adjust the BRUSH OPACITY soft knob to a v[...]

2-67 Operating Notes Mask Draw Setup 1. Use one of the three operations listed below to view the Mask Draw function: a. Using the Map Inputs Menu, map a switcher crosspoint button to Mask Frame Store, and select that cr osspoint for viewing. b. T o view the draw mask work on a preview monitor , go to the Preview Pr efs Menu and turn DIM PVW ON for [...]

2-68 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Operating the Model 3000 With a DPM-700 This feature allows you to r eturn a high tally from a DPM-700 when configured with the Model 3000. T o use the DPM Logical Channel T ally feature, connect the DPM-700 as described in the Installation and Service manual. To Enable the Model 3000 1. From the Map [...]

2-69 Operating Notes 4. From the DPM Map Inputs Menu a. Choose DPM 1 with the DEVICE SELECT button. b. Select CHAN 1 - PRI with the CHANNEL SELECT button. c. Select 11 with the VIDEO INPUT soft knob. d. Select 12 with the KEY INPUT soft knob. e. Select CHAN 2 - PRI with the CHANNEL SELECT button. f. Select 11 with the VIDEO INPUT soft knob. g. Sele[...]

2-70 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration Operating the Model 3000 With Kaleidoscope After the Model 3000 has been connected to a Kaleidoscope DPM (Digital Picture Manipulator), as described in the Installation section of the Model 3000 Installation & Service manual, and after the Model 3000 has been properly configur ed, as described ear[...]

2-71 Operating Notes NOTE: Y ou may disable the control connection between the Model 3000 and Kaleidoscope at any time simply by disabling either of the above enables DPM... on the E-MEM panel or ENABLE 3/4000 in the Kaleidoscope Menu). W ith current software, the DPM button on the Model 3000 External Interface subpanel has no effect on the 3000/Ka[...]

2-72 Section 2 — Startup & Configuration[...]

3-1 3 Switcher Concepts This section describes a few basic concepts that you should know before you operate your switcher . Y ou might be tempted to skip over this section, especially if you are an experienced switcher operator . Nevertheless, we suggest that you to browse it anyway because it explains operating concepts that will help you more ful[...]

3-2 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Clear Working Buffer The Current W orking Buffer (CWB) is an area of system memory that stores the curr ent switcher state. That is, it tracks the settings of switch and variable control functions on the contr ol panel, as well as those of many switch and control functions set in the menus. When an E-MEM recall i[...]

3-3 Clear Working Buffer CWB Modes of Operation W ith V ersion 5.0 and later softwar e, there ar e four modes of operation for the CLEAR WORK BUFR button: 1. Single press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button — Clears the Current W orking Buffer except Keyers. This clears the CWB to User-Defined Defaults for all enabled levels, but leaves the key memory[...]

3-4 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Auto Delegation Some of the switcher subpanels are delegated to other subpanels under conditional control of the operator or system. This featur e is called “auto delegation.” The effect of auto delegation is that pressing a button on one subpanel may activate the r elated controls on another subpanel. For ex[...]

3-5 Crosspoint Bus Crosspoint Bus A cr osspoint bus consists of a group of switches called cr osspoints , each with a differ ent video or key input. The row of switches has a common output called a bus . The various crosspoint buses on the switcher ’s contr ol panel make up the Source Select Subpanel (the lar ge matrix of buttons that occupies th[...]

3-6 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Transitions A transition is a change fr om one video picture to another . The switcher provides thr ee methods for making video transitions: ■ Cuts ■ Mixes ■ W ipes Cut Transition A cut is an instantaneous switch fr om one picture to another . A background cut, for example, switches the on-air Pr ogram outp[...]

3-7 Transitions Figure 3-1. A Mix T ransition Starting Video Midway Transition Ending Video[...]

3-8 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Wipe Transition A wipe is a transition fr om one picture to another in which a shaped edge moves across the scr een revealing the new pictur e (see Figure 3-2 ). A background wipe removes the old Pr ogram Background pictur e as it wipes on the new Preset Backgr ound picture. A key wipe reveals the key over the ex[...]

3-9 Keys Keys A key is an effect in which parts of one pictur e are inserted into another to create a composite pictur e. For example, keys ar e used to insert captions, to place a small news scene or graphic over the shoulder of a newscaster , or to place the image of a weather reporter in fr ont of a weather map. There ar e several types of keys,[...]

3-10 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Luminance Key A luminance key , shown in Figure 3-3 , uses the brightness information in one picture, called the key sour ce to cut a hole in another picture, called the backgr ound . A third pictur e, called the fill , is inserted into the hole to fill it. A clip contr ol allows the operator to set the level [...]

3-11 Keys When the clip is set properly , the keyer will ignore the black paper and use only the white logo shape to cut a hole in the background video. Then it will fill the logo-shaped hole with green matte video. This creates a gr een logo inserted into the background. In actuality , this method of keying is seldom used anymore. Instead, a grap[...]

3-12 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Linear Key A linear key is similar to a luminance key except that the gain of the key is set to a value of one (also called “unity”) so that the edges of anti-aliased key sources ar e faithfully repr oduced. Anti- aliased sources, such as the output of a character generator or graphics system, have soft edge[...]

3-13 Shaped and Unshaped Video Shaped and Unshaped Video Shaping and unshaping are generally involved only in keying and compositing situations. Whenever a key is performed, there ar e always three signals: the key source, the key fill (fill video), and the backgr ound video. The key signal cuts a hole in the background, into which the fill vide[...]

3-14 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Input Shaped and Unshaped Video V ideo coming into a switcher may or may not already be shaped, depending upon its source. The Configuration Menu has a selection for you to define whether the source video for each video input is shaped or unshaped. This is what tells the switcher how to process the signal. If [...]

3-15 Super Black Super Black Super Black is a video level that is lower than the usual black level (7.5 IRE in NTSC; 0 IRE in P AL and Component video). It is inserted into the background of a video signal to impr ove the contrast for luminance self keying. The Super Black level is variable and is often limited by the device that is used to recor d[...]

3-16 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Chroma Key A chroma key is a key in which a particular color that you select in the background of a scene is detected and r eplaced with a new background scene. This gives the illusion that for egr ound objects are positioned in fr ont of a new backgr ound. For example, the fill video selected on the Key bus ma[...]

3-17 Chroma Key The chroma keyer includes backgr ound and foregr ound suppression. Backgr ound suppression r eplaces the old background color with black befor e adding in the new background. This ensur es that the old background color is completely removed fr om the scene, resulting in a cleaner key . Foregr ound suppression is essentially a second[...]

3-18 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Coring Coring is a video noise-reducing operation in which pixels below a predetermined luminance thr eshold are r eplaced by “clean” black pixels. During keying, the black eliminates any noise surrounding the fill video that might otherwise add to the background, causing noisy key edges. A menu selection e[...]

3-19 Layering Layering Lamina™ V ideo Compositing is a feature that enables up to four video layers to be composited in a single mix/effects system. The composite image can then be used as a key source or a background in another mix/ef fects system or the downstream keyer . This allows multiple-layer effects to be created in one recor ding pass. [...]

3-20 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts E-MEM Effects Memory The E-MEM Effects Memory system pr ovides a way of storing switcher effects for later use. W ith E-MEM you can set up an ef fect with the control panel and “learn” a snapshot of it into memory . Later , you can recall that effect with the pr ess of a button. The switcher will immediately[...]

3-21 E-MEM Effects Memory Enables and Delegates Grass V alley Switchers have two groups of operations that r elate to Enables and Delegates: ■ E–MEM Register operations that include Learn, Recall, Put, Get, and Run ■ E–MEM Keyframe-editing operations that include Cut, Copy , Paste, and Modify Each E-MEM register is partitioned into sections[...]

3-22 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts When ENABLES is selected in the T imeline Menu, all enabled levels are also delegated; thus all enabled levels ar e affected by changes made on the control panel. When a level is not enabled, its timeline does not appear in the T imeline Menu. ■ In ENABLES mode, pressing the Enable button toggles the E–MEM e[...]

3-23 Keyframing / Timelines / Effects Editing Keyframing / Timelines / Effects Editing Switchers are able to stor e more than one switcher state (a “keyframe”) on each enabled level in a single E-MEM register . A series of keyframes in an E-MEM register is called a keyframe effect . Effects animation can be accomplished by building and r unning[...]

3-24 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Effects Editing Definitions Keyframe — A set of switcher parameters, as set up on the control panel and in the menus, stored in an E-MEM r egister at some point along a timeline. Keyframes define the switcher parameters at a series of points in time during an effect, and the system does keyframe interpolation[...]

3-25 Keyframing / Timelines / Effects Editing Timeline Menu The following is a simple example of a T imeline Menu. The appearance of this menu depends upon the following: which levels are enabled and which ar e delegated on the E-MEM Enables panel, the contents of the currently-selected E-MEM register , and the position of the T ime Cursor on the t[...]

3-26 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Manipulating Video Images Grass V alley Products DPM and digital pr oduction switchers have the ability to rotate images that have a “Fr ont” and “Back” side. “Near” and “Far” selections are used to r otate the Fr ont and Back images so as to be either visible (Near) or invisible (Far) on a monit[...]

3-27 Manipulating Video Images The displayed picture has a fr ont side and a back side, the same way a U.S. dollar bill does. The side with George W ashington on it is the front, and the side with the pyramid/eagle is the back. This is still true, even if you turn the bill ar ound, twist it, or r oll it up; the front is always the side with Geor ge[...]

3-28 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Effects Send (Option) Effects Send is a system that pr ovides a close interface between the switcher ’s mix/effects system and a digital pictur e manipulator (DPM). Effects Send takes the key and fill video outputs of an effects keyer and sends them to the DPM for manipulation. The manipulated key and fill o[...]

3-29 Frame Store (Option) Frame Store (Option) The primary functions of the Frame Store option ar e storage of still video and key images, and creation of dr opshadows behind keys. Controls for manipulation of these functions ar e found on the Frame Store Subpanel and in the Frame Stor e menus. Either 2-two field pictures and keys, or 1 four -fie[...]

3-30 Section 3 — Switcher Concepts Manipulation of the frozen image is pr ovided through the Frame Store Menu. Some of the operations that can be performed on the frozen video and key images ar e as follows: ■ Posterization (video only) ■ Solarization (video only) ■ Positioning ■ Mosaic ■ Reverse V ideo ■ Color Substitution (Hue Mod, [...]

4-1 4 About this Section This section of the User ’s Guide demonstrates basic operation of the Model 3000 series switcher . Each operation is presented in numbered steps to add clarity to the pr ocedures. If you ar e new to video switching or if you encounter unfamiliar terms, review Section 3, “Concepts.” The following topics are included in[...]

4-2 Section 4— Switcher Operations Star ting Conditions The switcher , and any connected external devices, should be in a “known,” or User Default state before beginning any of these tasks. Select “GVG Defaults” on the Config/User Prefs/Define Defaults Menu, if you are not sur e what setups you need. Switcher Hardware Setup The followin[...]

4-3 Starting Conditions Figure 4-1. Sour ce 1 Figure 4-2. Sour ce 2[...]

4-4 Section 4— Switcher Operations Clearing the Switcher It is best to reset the switcher to a known state befor e beginning any of these procedur es. Step #2 below clears all switcher areas except crosspoints. T o bring the switcher to a “known” state, you will want to clear either all, or just certain parts of the switcher . The Clear Worki[...]

4-5 Starting Conditions 4. T o clear the Current W orking Buffer — including Keyers: Double press 1 of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button: Same as above, with addition of key memory parameters of the selected crosspoints that are cleared to the standard defaults. Current crosspoints remain selected. 5. To clear a Single Crosspoint Key Memory: Hold a key [...]

4-6 Section 4— Switcher Operations T ransitions - Mix/Effects Bus Operations A transition is a change fr om one combination of picture elements to another combination. This change can take the form of a cut, a mix, or a wipe and can be used to switch background scenes or insert or remove a key . W e will use a Mix/Effects bus to demonstrate basic[...]

4-7 Transitions - Mix/Effects Bus Operations 4. Select the M/E 1 BKGD A T ransition button. Only the B Bus scene will appear on the Preview monitor . (All key ‘ON’ lights on the transition panel should be out if the CWB state was recalled corr ectly .) 5. Press the M/E 1 CUT T ransition button. The B bus scene will immediately switch on air and[...]

4-8 Section 4— Switcher Operations Figure 4-3. Backgr ound Cut Starting On Air Picture Ending On Air Picture[...]

4-9 Transitions - Mix/Effects Bus Operations Background Mix A mix is a dissolve from one pictur e to another . Y ou can mix between A and B bus sources as follows: 1. Select Source 2 on the M/E 1 A bus background crosspoint row . The A bus appears on the PGM monitor . 2. Select Source 1 on the M/E 1 B bus background crosspoint row . The B bus appea[...]

4-10 Section 4— Switcher Operations Starting Video Midway Transition Ending Video Figure 4-4. Backgr ound Mix (Dissolve) T ransition[...]

4-11 Wipe Operations Wipe Operations The wipe usually signals the end of one scene and the beginning of another . A wipe is a transition between two video signals that takes the shape of a pattern. The effect is that of one pictur e pushing the other off the scr een. Background Wipe A background wipe ( Figur e 4-5 ) uses a pattern to transition fro[...]

4-12 Section 4— Switcher Operations 7. As an alternative to using the lever arm, you can press AUTO TRANS to do an automatic transition. T o pause an auto transition in progr ess, press AUTO TRANS again. T o resume the transition, press it a thir d time. Y ou can also start an auto transition and finish with the lever arm or vice versa. 8. Exper[...]

4-13 Wipe Operations Most pattern modifiers are located on the W ipe Subpanel. Positioning the lever arm to the middle position allows the wipe parameters to be seen as changes are made: Wipe Direction – Select the desired direction: NORMAL , REVERSE , or FLIP FLOP . NORMAL = the original video is in the black part of the icon; the new video is [...]

4-14 Section 4— Switcher Operations Rotation T ype – Adjust the thr ee Rotation T ype Controls on the W ipe Subpanel as desired: – ROT POS = set the rotation angle of object controlled with turns of ROTATE Knob. – ROT SPD = Selects continuous rotation. ROTATE Knob sets speed and direction. – ROT MAG = locks the rotation movement to the le[...]

4-15 Wipe Operations Pattern Mixing Use the Pattern Mix Mode to mix a selected wipe with either the M/Es Secondary W ipe Generator (if available) or the selected wipes. This example assumes you have the Secondary W ipe Generator; if you do not, select TEXTURE instead of NORMAL in Step 3. 1. Press the WIPE To p Level Menu button on the W ipe Subpane[...]

4-16 Section 4— Switcher Operations Learning User Wipes If you develop a wipe setup that you like and you want to save it temporarily , you can do so using the User 1– 6 buttons on the W ipe Subpanel. 1. Press LEARN USER WIPE , followed by one of the six User buttons, such as USER 1 . The current wipe setup, including Border , Edge, and Aspect [...]

4-17 Wipe Operations Figure 4-6. Pattern Mix T ransition — Example 2 The effect shown in Figure 4-6 was created as follows: Primary Wipe Generator creates the circle wipe. Secondary Wipe Generator is used to create a random matrix wipe.[...]

4-18 Section 4— Switcher Operations Figure 4-7. Pattern Mix — Complex The effect shown in Figure 4-7 was created as follows: Primary Wipe Geneator creates a rectangle wipe Secondary Wipe Generator creates a vertical wipe. The Primary mixes with the Secondary. The Secondary mixes to texture.[...]

4-19 Wipe Operations Fade to Black Y ou can cut, wipe, or fade the switcher output to black at any time by simply pressing the PST BLACK button on the T ransition Subpanel. Then, pressing the CUT button cuts to black, while AUTO TRANS or a Lever Arm transition will do either a mix or wipe to black depending on the delegation status on the T ransiti[...]

4-20 Section 4— Switcher Operations Setting Transition Rates Y ou can adjust the transition rate for an auto transition or Key mix (DSK mix on the 4000-2B) using any rate from 1 to 999 frames: 1. In the E-MEM Subpanel , select TRAN RATE . The query: SET WHICH RATE? displays. 2. Delegate to the T ransition subpanel that you want to set an auto tra[...]

4-21 Wipe Operations NOTE: Steps 6 – 9 apply only to Models 3000-3, 4000-2A, and 4000-3. 6. If entering a transition rate for an M/E, the display queries: KEY 1 RATE = ? 7. Use the E-MEM numeric keypad to enter the number of television frames for the KEY 1 transition rate. Enter a rate from 0 – 999. The display queries: KEY 2 RATE = ? 8. Use th[...]

4-22 Section 4— Switcher Operations Background and Matte Generator Operations Use the Background and Matte Generator contr ols to create a number of interesting mattes to serve as ef fects backgrounds or fills. The following topics are cover ed in this subsection: ■ Matte selection ■ User Defined W ash ■ Matte and T exture Menus ■ Super[...]

4-23 Wipe Operations Matte Selection T o create a simple backgr ound matte, follow the procedur e below: 1. Select a background source crosspoint on the A Bus. The DSK Matte panel controls will automatically delegate to the Background Subpanel. 2. Select FLAT MATTE . 3. W atch the Pr ogram monitor , and adjust Matte BRIGHTNESS to set the brightness[...]

4-24 Section 4— Switcher Operations Luminance and Linear Ke ying Operations Keys enable you to insert one picture into another to cr eate a composite effect. For example, you may want to add a caption to a scene. For more information about keying, r efer to Section 3: Switcher Concepts . T o create a luminance or linear key , do the following: 1.[...]

4-25 Luminance and Linear Keying Operations 5. Clip and gain adjustments are done dif ferently for luminance and linear keying. In the Luminance Key Mode, clip and gain have a wider range of control. In Linear Key Mode, clip and Gain adjustments produce a modified Linear Key . This is indicated by the LUM KEY button being lit as well as the LIN KE[...]

4-26 Section 4— Switcher Operations 9. For keying from a black on white sour ce, select Keyer INVERT . For keying from a white on black sour ce, leave INVERT off. 10. T o mask parts of the key that you don’t want to see, select INH MASK and select either a box wipe pattern, or a video source to serve as the mask sour ce. Use the mask control kn[...]

4-27 Luminance and Linear Keying Operations 16. Y ou may also want to experiment with other key modifier selections such as KEY OPACITY on the Keyer Menu, and the various controls on the Keyer/V ideo Process Menu. 17. When you are finally done adjusting the key , transition the key on air as explained next in the Key T ransition on page 4-28 . Fi[...]

4-28 Section 4— Switcher Operations Key Transition Effects keys can be cut, mixed, or wiped on air in much the same way as backgrounds. Both the ef fects keys and a background can be transitioned on or off together or separately . The Downstream Keyer has separate controls and must be transitioned separately . 1. Set up the key . 2. Select T rans[...]

4-29 Preset Pattern Keying Operations Preset P attern Ke ying Operations A preset pattern key ( Figure 4-9 ) cuts a key hole in the backgr ound in the shape of a wipe pattern. The procedur e for creating a pr eset pattern key is as follows: Select the Keyer KEY 1 , KEY 2 , or DSK button to delegate the keyer you want to use. 1. Select a Key bus cro[...]

4-30 Section 4— Switcher Operations 5. T o adjust the opacity of the key layer , adjust KEY OPACITY in the Keyer Menu. 6. T ransition the key on air as explained previously . Figure 4-9. Pr eset Pattern Key — 1[...]

4-31 Preset Pattern Keying Operations Figure 4-10. Pr eset Pattern Key — 2 The effect shown in Figure 4-10 was created as follows: Preset Patttern Key over background, with dropshadows added using the Pattern Generator.[...]

4-32 Section 4— Switcher Operations Layered Mode Operations The M/E Keyers may be used in a Layering Mode. In Layered mode, the A and B buses function as keyers rather than background buses.This mode is selectable on the M/E Mode Menu. T o set up Layered Mode: 1. Access the M/E Mode Menu, or double press the BKG B button on the T ransition Panel.[...]

4-33 Chroma Keying Operations Chr oma Ke ying Operations Chroma keying allows you to key out a particular color in a scene and replace it with new backgr ound video. A typical application is to position a reporter in fr ont of a blue wall and set up a chroma key to replace the blue wall with a weather map. Given a well-lit and well-composed chroma [...]

4-34 Section 4— Switcher Operations Auto Chroma Keying Procedure Chroma Keyer setup involves a number of interactive adjustments. Understanding the Auto Keying procedur e significantly increases the quality of the keys pr oduced. The studio setting has a major impact on the ability to produce a natural looking key . ■ Lighting on the backgroun[...]

4-35 Chroma Keying Operations The Chroma Keyer accommodates a wide range of scenes and conditions. V ery lifelike keys can be obtained with a well planned chroma key set. Usable keys can also be obtained when conditions are less than optimal by compr omising edge softness. Many of the Keyer controls af fect the image in subtle, unexpected ways, and[...]

4-36 Section 4— Switcher Operations 2. Select the source to be use as the for eground signal on that Keyer and select Chroma Key mode. 3. Select a neutral gray as the initial background signal. These adjustments can either be made manually or via an automatic setup mechanism. T o use the Auto Setup continue with the following text; to use the Man[...]

4-37 Chroma Keying Operations Continue setup with Optimization Adjustments on page 4-39 , or manually adjust the Key using the Basic Manual Adjustment procedur e found in the following text. Basic Manual Adjustment If you prefer , you may perform the initial adjustments manually . Following these steps once or twice gives you a feel for what Auto S[...]

4-38 Section 4— Switcher Operations 4. Adjust Keyer CLIP and GAIN while observing the key waveform by depressing SHO W KEY . CLIP has the most effect on foregr ound opacity , while GAIN has most effect on background opacity . a. Start with both CLIP and GAIN at maximum b. Adjust CLIP slightly making the foregr ound barely visible (white if lookin[...]

4-39 Chroma Keying Operations Optimization Adjustments It is now time to optimize the keyer setups. 1. If you are using an external analog key sour ce such as RGB from a camera, verify that the input timing is corr ect. T emporarily turn on FGD RESHAPE in the CHR KEY/ KEY ADJUST , and look for unequal black lines at the left and right sides of the [...]

4-40 Section 4— Switcher Operations constant then excessive lighting variation may exist. Y ou may wish to correct this by adjusting the set lighting. If the background luminance is r easonably flat, readjust the LUMA background suppr ession slightly to eliminate shading in the background signal. (In this mode, the for eground signal is not real[...]

4-41 Chroma Keying Operations 8. Adjust SECOND AR Y COLOR SUPRESSION . Use Secondary Color Suppression to minimize the fringing around the for eground object or tinting of a translucent object such as glass. These adjustments can be found in the CHR KEY/ SECOND AR Y COLOR menu. Before attempting this adjustment, identify the primary area of the ima[...]

4-42 Section 4— Switcher Operations 9. Key edge cleanup: If FGD RESHAPE is on, some amount of key edge cleanup is possible with KEY WIDTH , KEY POSITION and KEY SOFTNESS located in the CHR KEY/KEY ADJUST menu. The basic idea is to narrow and soften the key edge so that it occurs where ther e is foregr ound video instead of areas which have been p[...]

4-43 E-MEM (Effects Memory) Operations Do not use the following functions. Set them as indicated: ■ SEP HUE SUPPRESS – set to OFF ■ CORING – set to FIXED E-MEM (Effects Memory) Operations The switcher ’s E-MEM  Effects Memory System includes 100 internal storage registers that you can use to stor e (learn), recall, and modify switcher [...]

4-44 Section 4— Switcher Operations New Operational Mode Available – Version 5.1 and later V ersion 5.1 added a new operational mode to the existing mode on the E-MEM system: ■ Normal mode – pre-existing functionality ■ 300 Style mode – functional only for 3-M/E Switchers This mode setting is found in CONFIG/USER PREFS/E-MEM PREFS/ menu[...]

4-45 E-MEM (Effects Memory) Operations Learn A Register W e will look at how the Learn operation works with Auto Run, Auto Recall, and Effects Dissolve in the Normal mode. Auto Recall ■ Auto Recall ON — Switcher learns the current Switcher enables into the Master E-MEM register ■ Auto Recall OFF — Switcher does not learn Switcher enables in[...]

4-46 Section 4— Switcher Operations Recall A Register W e will look at how the Recall operation works with Auto Run, Auto Recall, and Effects Dissolve in the Normal mode. Auto Recall ■ Auto Recall ON — Switcher recalls learned enables befor e recalling the ef fect ■ Auto Recall OFF — Switcher does not recall the learned enables. The Switc[...]

4-47 E-MEM (Effects Memory) Operations 300 Style Mode – 3-M/E Switchers Only In 300 Style mode, when you do a Learn or Recall, the Master E-MEM allows individual M/Es to “skew registers” (that is, allows M/Es to point to differ ent registers) than the Master E-MEM is pointing and allows the Master E-MEM to learn the individual M/E’s skewed [...]

4-48 Section 4— Switcher Operations Setup 1. Clear the switcher . See “Clearing the Switcher” on page 4-4. ). 2. Y ou will need the following sources: a. Background still b. Character generator Basic E-MEM Operations The following topics describe enabling register ef fects, storing and recalling ef fects, Ef fects Dissolve transitions, and Le[...]

4-49 E-MEM (Effects Memory) Operations Learn Enables An E-MEM register can stor e all switcher functions, or part of them, as determined by the E-MEM Enable buttons. M/E 1 and PGM/PST will be used for this procedur e. In this procedur e you will ‘learn’ an effect into E-MEM r egister 23. 1. Press AUTO RCL (Auto Recall) (button lit). This causes[...]

4-50 Section 4— Switcher Operations Storing an Effect 1. Select the LEARN pushbutton so that it lights. 2. Select BANK 0 or BANK 1 to select Bank 0 or Bank 1. Select BANK ↑ and then one of the pushbuttons 2 thr ough 9 to select Banks 2 through 9. This selects one of the ten banks of ten E-MEM storage registers. For example, r egister 32 equates[...]

4-51 E-MEM (Effects Memory) Operations Learning Effects Dissolve Transitions The EFF DIS (effects dissolve) function causes an S-linear transition from the curr ent state to the next recalled r egister . The current state may be a setup you have just done on the contr ol panel or the state resulting fr om a register r ecall. An effects dissolve may[...]

4-52 Section 4— Switcher Operations E-MEM Learn Sequence Operations Sequences made up of a series of learned registers can be easily built using the Learn Sequence mode. Learning A Sequence This procedur e will make use of effects pr eviously stored in registers 23 thr ough 27. 1. Press LRN . 2. Press SEQ . 3. Press BANK 2 , then 3 (r egister 23)[...]

4-53 E-MEM (Effects Memory) Operations Play Back the Sequence 1. Press SEQ . 2. Press BANK 2 , then 3 (register 23), which is the first register in the sequence built above. 3. The sequence will execute. Undo Function The UNDO button revokes the most r ecent E-MEM operation. T o undo an accidental recall, pr ess UNDO immediately after the recall. [...]

4-54 Section 4— Switcher Operations Keyframe Operations The switcher can store mor e than one switcher state (a “keyframe”) on each enabled level in a single E-MEM register . A series of keyframes in an E-MEM register is called an effect . Once stored in E-MEM memory , an effect can be r ecalled and caused to transition (“run”) between ke[...]

4-55 Keyframe Operations Learn Keyframes T o learn the first keyframe of the effect into an E-MEM r egister , setup a wipe pattern on a color background on M/E 1. Learn the switcher condition into empty register number 5. 1. Select M/E 1 on the PGM bus. 2. Select Source 1 on M/E 1 ‘A ’ bus, select Source 2 on M/E 1, ‘B’ bus. 3. Select a W [...]

4-56 Section 4— Switcher Operations 5. Press REV . Pr ess RUN . 6. The effect now r uns backwar ds, starting at keyframe #2, and ending with keyframe #1. NOTE: If the Enable source (for example, M/E 1) has been de-selected, it will appear as if the effect has been erased. Simply re-select the Enable button, and the effect will be “restor ed.”[...]

4-57 Keyframe Operations 1. Recall the effect you cr eated previously . 2. REWIND the effect to keyframe 1. 3. W ith the M/E 1 background/key still enabled, select another wipe pattern and “fly” it around the monitor . 4. Press INSRT BEFOR . Y ou have just cr eated a new keyframe #1. The ‘old’ keyframe #1 is now #2; the ‘old’ #2 keyfra[...]

4-58 Section 4— Switcher Operations 4. Setup a new keyframe - chose a new wipe pattern and move it around. 5. Press INSRT AFTER . Note that new keyframe #2 is added at the current (0:15f) T ime Cursor position. Previous keyframe #2 becomes keyframe #3. Note that the overall effect time of 2:00 (2 seconds) has not changed. The durations of ‘prev[...]

4-59 Keyframe Operations The new rules ar e as follows: ■ If no delegated level has a keyframe at the current time (location of cursor), an Insert operation does an insert “on the path” on each delegated level. As before, an insert “on the path” does not increase the overall length of the timelines. ■ If any delegated level has a keyfra[...]

4-60 Section 4— Switcher Operations 1. Go to the keyframe you want to change. 2. Make the changes. NOTE: There is no UNDO for MOD . 3. Press MOD once for a single keyframe change. a. Press MOD twice to make the same changes on all keyframes in the effect. b. Press MOD ALL ABSOLUTE (Keyframe Menu) to change all parameters for all keyframes on a si[...]

4-61 Keyframe Operations 2. T o change the duration of keyframe 1: a. Position the cursor at keyframe 1. Press KF DUR . b. Enter a new time of 3 seconds – press ‘ 3 ’ on the E-MEM Keypad. Press ENTER . c. Press MOD . 3. T o change the duration within an effect (not on a keyframe): Press GO TO TIME . On the E-MEM Keypad enter a time of 2 secon[...]

4-62 Section 4— Switcher Operations 6. T o set a start time: a. Position the effect at the 2nd. keyframe. Pr ess the SET ST ART TIME button on the T imeline Menu. b. The effect will now start at keyframe 2, rather than keyframe 1. Zoom and Pan Timeline Effects The ZOOM soft knob in the T imeline Menu is used to expand the timeline display for pre[...]

4-63 Keyframe Operations Using Zoom and Pan Y ou can use this procedur e to see how the Zoom and Pan features work. 1. Recall an effect with 6 keyframes and a duration of 5 seconds. Place the time cursor at KF 1, 0:00. 2. Adjust the ZOOM soft knob to a setting of 1.9x in order to see keyframes 1 – 3 on the T imeline Menu. 3. Adjust the PAN soft k[...]

4-64 Section 4— Switcher Operations With software version 5.2 and later, if the cursor on any delegated level is not on a keyframe, the Cut function is disabled. This is indicated by the lamp being out in the Cut pushbutton. Y ou can copy a keyframe, without changing the effect with the COPY button. The copied keyframe may be inserted at any poin[...]

4-65 Keyframe Operations Effects Editing with Get and Put Use Get and Put to copy entire ef fects from one r egister to another . Use PUT to copy the current effect into the selected r egister number . 1. Recall an effect fr om an E-MEM register . 2. Find an empty register number to use for step 3. 3. Press PUT , (empty) register # , ENTER . Or PUT[...]

4-66 Section 4— Switcher Operations Using Path Types To Change An Effect Y ou can change the appearance of a effect, or parts of an ef fect by changing the path type. Path type selection is the way you can control parameter changes between keyframes. The path type, set in the Keyframe Path Menu, determines the type of interpolation that occurs be[...]

4-67 Keyframe Operations The CURVE pathtype function may be used with both W ipe (WIPEXFORM) and Framestore (FST OREXFRM) T ransform selections. CURVE includes T ension, Continuity , and Bias soft knob controls, described in the Appendices of this guide. When used with the CURVE path type, W ipe T ransform has four parameters: Horizontal, V ertical[...]

4-68 Section 4— Switcher Operations Effects Send Operations (Option) The Effects Send option (pur chased separately) allows video/key signals in an M/E to be routed outside the switcher for pr ocessing by an external device such as a DPM (Digital Picture Manipulator), and then brought back into the same cr osspoint (Looping mode), or another cros[...]

4-69 Effects Send Operations (Option) Connect these Aux Bus outputs to the DPM inputs. ■ Connect the DPM outputs to switcher primary inputs numbered J7 and J8 of the Serial Input Module. ■ Map the DPM Inputs (DPM Map Inputs Menu) ■ On the Config/Map Inputs Menu: Map DPM 1, Channel 1 video and key to crosspoints number ed 5 and 6, respectivel[...]

4-70 Section 4— Switcher Operations Effects Send Looping Mode Looping mode takes the output of an M/E Keyer , sends it to an external DPM, then returns the DPM output to the Mix/W ipe circuit of the same switcher M/E. 1. Access the Aux Menu. a. Use the PHYS AUX SELECT button to select Aux 1 . b. Press the EFX LOOP MODE button and select EXT LOOP [...]

4-71 Frame Store Operations (Option) Frame Store Operations (Option) The Frame Store function pr ovides the ability to separately freeze, and store, video and key signals to use in building ef fects. (The Model 3000 can also store Mask signals.) In addition, the Dr op Shadow feature lets you pr oduce a “positionable” drop shadow when using Fram[...]

4-72 Section 4— Switcher Operations Still Image Storage V ideo and key can be frozen either separately or simultaneously through the use of panel contr ols. In addition, the system has the ability to layer stills in a recursive manner . The system accomplishes this by sending the output of the frame store to the input of an M/E for combination wi[...]

4-73 Frame Store Operations (Option) Video and Key The Frame Store function can be assigned to either a video channel or a key channel. V ideo and key channels may also be selected simultaneously if video and key channels are mapped to the same crosspoint. Operations that can be independently set for video and key channels are as follows: ■ Freez[...]

4-74 Section 4— Switcher Operations Freeze Mode Freeze selects between “live” and “frozen” pictures. A frozen picture is like a snapshot you take with a still camera. The freeze/ unfreeze function toggles between the two states. Press the FRZE button once to freeze (it high tallies) , press a second time to unfreeze. When enabled, freeze [...]

4-75 Frame Store Operations (Option) Grab Mode The Grab feature updates frame store with new input data and freezes the new data. If freeze is off (moving video is coming out of the frame store), pressing the GRAB button turns on freeze. You can then press the FRZE button to turn freeze off. If freeze is on and GRAB is pressed, frame store is unfro[...]

4-76 Section 4— Switcher Operations Repositioning Use Repositioning (Frame Store/V ideo Store/Reposition Menu) to move a live or frozen image of f the screen in any dir ection. Mosaics Use Mosaic to control the size and aspect of mosaic tiles in a live or frozen video. Pseudo Color Use Pseudo Color to generate special video effects such as color [...]

4-77 Floppy Disk Drive Operations Floppy Disk Drive Operations The switcher floppy disk subsystem is used to store and r ecall effects files stor ed in E-MEM registers, and to stor e and recall system configuration setups. Y ou can also: ■ Format diskettes ■ Create dir ectories and files ■ V iew the diskette by directory , file name, or [...]

4-78 Section 4— Switcher Operations Creating Directories and Files In this procedur e you cr eate two new directories; one for E-MEM files, and one for Configuration files. Then you will create one E-MEM file, and one Configuration file. 1. Insert a formatted diskette into the disk drive. 2. Select the DISK/Utility Menu. From the Utility Me[...]

4-79 Floppy Disk Drive Operations a. Select register 23 with the REGISTER soft knob. Use the SAVE SELECT soft knob to select E-MEM REGISTER . Select SAVE for M/E 1 and PGM/PST/DSK . b. Press the NAME FILE button to complete this menu and invoke the Name File Menu. 3. In the Name File Menu, select the characters “Effect1” in the File Name box, t[...]

4-80 Section 4— Switcher Operations Loading (Recalling E-MEM Files from Disk This procedur e describes loading E-MEM files. Y ou can load a stored E-MEM ef fect from disk into an E-MEM r egister (for example, register #23). Y ou can also load an entire E-MEM bank (of 10 registers), or all E-MEM r egisters. NOTE: The register file extension (for[...]

4-81 Floppy Disk Drive Operations Loading (Recalling) Configuration Files from Disk This procedur e describes loading switcher configuration files. Y ou can load all or part of a stored switcher configuration. 1. Insert your diskette into the switcher disk drive. 2. Access the Disk Menu. Press the CHILD DIRECTORY button to cause the switcher to [...]

4-82 Section 4— Switcher Operations Viewing (Listing) Files and Directories Y ou can view the diskette contents by directory , file name, or file extension. 1. Invoke the Disk Menu. 2. Press CHILD DIRECTORY to r ead the diskette. 3. Use the VIEW BY DIR to list subdirectories. Note that in this view no files will be displayed . 4. Use VIEW BY N[...]

4-83 Floppy Disk Drive Operations 4. Press DO DELETE to perform the deletion, or CANCEL to abort the deletion. The floppy disk system re-r eads the disk, and r e- displays the Disk Menu with the current dir ectory shown. Deleting Directories 1. Highlight the desired dir ectory in the Disk Menu. 2. Press DELETE FILE . CA UTION Y ou are allo wed to [...]

4-84 Section 4— Switcher Operations[...]

A-1 NOTE: This appendix applies specifically to the Model 2200, Model 3000, and Model 4000 Switchers, but the general principals discussed here may apply as well to other switchers and other devices. Introduction The purpose of this appendix is to explain what shaped video and unshaped video are, wher e and why they are used, and what you need to [...]

Appendix A — Shaped and Unshaped Video A-2 Shaped Video —Fill video that has been “multiplied” by a key signal to produce a raster image to be inserted into a key hole cut in background video by the same key signal. (An example of shaped video is the fill video output of a character generator , which consists of characters on a black matte[...]

Input Shaped and Unshaped Video A-3 Configuring the Input Press the CONFG button on the Switchers main menu panel, then the INPUTS soft button in the Configuration menu, and the MAP INPUTS button in the Inputs menu to bring up the Map Inputs menu, shown in Figure A-1 . For each crosspoint selected on the PST bus, you need to set the UNSHAPED VIDEO[...]

Appendix A — Shaped and Unshaped Video A-4 Examples of Operation With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video NOTE: Since the shaped fill video must be accurately timed to the key signal, it normally must come from the same external device that generates the key . Illustrations are included on the following pages to show what happens when the switcher in[...]

Examples of Operation With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video A-5 Figure A-3. Appearance of Shaped V ideo From DPM Figure A-4. Appearance of Unshaped V ideo From DPM[...]

Appendix A — Shaped and Unshaped Video A-6 Correct Input Configuration Figure A-5 and Figur e A-7 show how the switcher handles the fill video when the input shaped/unshaped selection in the Configuration/Inputs/Map Inputs menu is set correctly to match the input signal that is mapped to the selected crosspoint. Figure A-6 shows the appearance [...]

Examples of Operation With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video A-7 Figure A-6 shows what the video looks like on the monitor when the SHAPED/UNSHAPED selection is made correctly in the menu. Figure A-6. Appearance of V ideo When Input Configuration is Set Correctly[...]

Appendix A — Shaped and Unshaped Video A-8 Correct Operation With Unshaped Fill Video Figure A-7 shows what happens when the DPM is set for an unshaped video output and UNSHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu. In this case, the input Shaping circuit shapes the fill video properly to fit the key hole that is cut into the Backgr ound, to prod[...]

Examples of Operation With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video A-9 Incorrect Input Configuration Figure A-8 and Figur e A-10 show how the fill video is handled by the switcher when the shaped/unshaped selection in the Configuration/Inputs/Map Inputs menu is set incorrectly for the input signal that is mapped to the crosspoint. Figur e A-9 and Figure A[...]

Appendix A — Shaped and Unshaped Video A-10 Figure A-9 shows what the video looks like on the monitor when the input fill video is shaped , but UNSHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu. Figure A-9. Incorr ect V ideo With Shaped Input and UNSHAPED Selected Note dark halo effect .[...]

Examples of Operation With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video A-11 Incorrect Operation With Unshaped Fill Video Figure A-10 shows what happens when the DPM is set for an unshaped video output but SHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu. The SHAPED selection turns off the input Shaping cir cuit, so the Unshaped input signal is added directly to the Ba[...]

Appendix A — Shaped and Unshaped Video A-12 Figure A-1 1 shows what the video looks like on the monitor when the input fill video is unshaped , but SHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu. Figure A-1 1. Incorrect V ideo With Unshaped Input and SHAPED Selected Note white halo effect.[...]

Output Shaped and Unshaped Video A-13 Output Shaped and Unshaped Video In addition to the input shaped/unshaped selections, the switchers have output selections that allow you to set the switcher output for either shaped or unshaped fill video. Shaped video is the preferr ed setting if the designation device can accept it. NOTE: The output shaped/[...]

Appendix A — Shaped and Unshaped Video A-14 When the Effects Send option is not pr esent, the SHAPED/ UNSHAPED selections for the Aux Buses are not visible in the menu. Figure A-12. Model 3000 Outputs Menu (Softwar e v5.0) OUTPUTS MENU ON ON config / outputs CHROMA CLIP = 105 % LUM CLIP = 105 IRE ON COMPOSITE CLIP = 138 IRE SHAPED PGM M/E 1 PGM M[...]

Output Shaped and Unshaped Video A-15 For the Model 4000 or Model 2200: 1. Press the CONFG button on the switcher ’s main menu panel, then the AUX BUS FORMAT> soft button in the Configuration menu, and the AUX BUS SHAPING> button in the Aux Bus Format menu to bring up the Aux Bus Shaping menu, shown in Figure A-13 . 2. Set the VIDEO/KEY FM[...]

Appendix A — Shaped and Unshaped Video A-16 Installation Considerations The concepts presented in this appendix ar e helpful when designing a video facility , interconnecting equipment, and configuring the equipment. Keep the following points in mind when putting a system together: ■ When interconnecting devices, the video output of the sendin[...]

Installation Considerations A-17 Since the M/E keyers produce shaped video, GVG recommends the use of the Ef fects Send option for communicating between these switchers and Kaleidoscope. Y ou should also use Aux Bus 1 through 4 (1 and 2 on 2200) switcher outputs to feed Kaleidoscope. Even without the Effects Send option, the 4000 and 2200 can commu[...]

Appendix A — Shaped and Unshaped Video A-18[...]

B-1 B Appendix B — Keyframe Facts Keyframe Timelines Master Timeline The Master T imeline is a tool for developing a consistent set of rules and operations for editing ef fects and synchr onizing events across multiple independent timelines. The Master T imeline is a single timeline repr esentation of the two-dimensional view of multiple E-MEM le[...]

B-2 Appendix B — Keyframe Facts If the keyframes occur at differ ent points in time on the various enabled E-MEM levels, it is possible that the keyframe durations on the Master T imeline will not match any of the individual E-MEM keyframe durations. The Master T imeline provides consistency so that when editing across multiple E-MEM levels, the [...]

B-3 Enables and Delegates Enables and Delegates The E-MEM system is divided into functional levels. Some or all of the levels contribute to the overall look of a given effect. Those levels must run in sync with each other in or der for the effect to look right. When an effect is r un from the E-MEM panel, all levels which contribute to the effect m[...]

B-4 Appendix B — Keyframe Facts When DELEGATES is selected, only specified enabled levels are delegated; all other enabled levels are enabled but not delegated . This feature allows you to edit a delegated timeline while viewing its relationship to timelines not being edited. When a level is not enabled, its timeline disappears, and its keyframe[...]

B-5 Keyframe Path Control Keyframe Path Control Tension, Continuity, and Bias Controls The path that an effect takes between keyframes may be adjusted through the CURVE path type selection from the Keyframe Path Menu. If CURVE is selected, three soft knobs are provided to control the three parameters of the vector. These are labeled: Tension, Conti[...]

B-6 Appendix B — Keyframe Facts Path Vectors With respect to the path between keyframes, each keyframe is made up of three vector parameters as shown below. The soft knob controls act on these vector parameters to adjust the path into (entry) and out of (exit) the keyframe. The path through KF2 is parallel with an imaginary line drawn between KF1[...]

B-7 Keyframe Path Control Tension Control In the example below, the keyframes are at right angles so the TENSION control operates on a 45° line drawn through the keyframe. This line is referred to as the Tension Vector and is parallel to a line drawn between adjacent keyframes (see illustration). The TENSION soft knob controls the length of the te[...]

B-8 Appendix B — Keyframe Facts In Example 2, the TENSION control is increased to 1.00, so that the Tension vector is shortened to non-existence through KF2. The path enters and leaves the middle keyframe in a straight line as it takes on an S-Linear motion; decelerating as it enters the middle keyframe and accelerating as it leaves. Example 2 Te[...]

B-9 Keyframe Path Control In Example 3, the TENSION control has been set to -1.00. This produces an effect of lengthening the Tension vector, causing the path through the middle keyframe to be longer and broader. The longer path will appear to make the image speed up through KF2 as it travels from KF1 to KF3. Example 3 Tension = -1.0 KF1 KF2 KF3 Te[...]

B-10 Appendix B — Keyframe Facts Continuity Control The continuity adjustment determines the angle of the path into and out of the keyframe. It is represented by vectors at 90 degrees to each as shown in Example 4. Example 4 The unmodified path shown above is identical to the unmodified path of the other controls. Continuity = 0.0 KF1 KF2 KF3 +1.[...]

B-11 Keyframe Path Control With continuity set to 1.00, the entry path through the keyframe is pulled to point at the following keyframe or exit path. The effect of 1.00 continuity is that of motion dropping into and then out of the keyframe, similar to a bouncing ball (see Example 5). Example 5 Continuity = 1.00 KF1 KF2 KF3 +1.0 -1.0 -1.0 +1.0[...]

B-12 Appendix B — Keyframe Facts With continuity set to -1.00, the paths between the keyframes become straight lines, accelerating through the keyframe (see Example 6). Example 6 Continuity = -1.00 KF1 KF2 KF3 +1.0 -1.0 -1.0 +1.0[...]

B-13 Keyframe Path Control Bias Control The BIAS control determines whether the path will be “pulled” towards the previous or the following keyframe. With extreme settings, all of the biasing will occur either before or after KF2. With bias set to 0, the curve through the keyframe is gentle as shown in Example 7 below. Example 7 NOTE: A Tension[...]

B-14 Appendix B — Keyframe Facts With the bias set to 1.00, the path is pulled towards the previous keyframe. Entrance and exit to the keyframe are on a straight line from the previous keyframe (see Example 8), and the path of the effect travels completely through KF2 before turning towards KF3. Example 8 Bias = 1.0 KF1 KF2 KF3 Entry Bias Tension[...]

B-15 Keyframe Path Control With the bias set to -1.00, the path is pulled towards the following keyframe. Entrance and exit to the keyframe are a straight line pointed to the following keyframe (see Example 9). Example 9 Bias = -1.0 KF1 KF2 KF3 Exit Bias Tension Vector + - Bias[...]

B-16 Appendix B — Keyframe Facts[...]

C-1 Definition of Super Black Super Black is a video signal that is lower than the usual black level (7.5 IRE in NTSC; 0 IRE in P AL and Component video). The actual level of the signal below black varies from situation to situation and is often limited by the device that is used to recor d the signal. T ypically 0 IRE is used, although values as l[...]

Appendix C — Super Black C-2 Usage A typical use of super black is when a prer ecorded element such as a flying logo is to be keyed in at the opening of a show . The flying logo is keyed over super black and recor ded on tape. (The VTR must be adjusted to recor d the super black level and to repr oduce it during playback). When the logo is to b[...]

Using the Super Black Output C-3 Drawbacks of using a Super Black Output: ■ The reconstr uction of the video and key is rar ely perfect, and quite a bit of control adjustment is necessary to pr oduce the best results. ■ Keying from Super Black pr oduces a hard-edged key only . No shadows, softness, or transparency can be used. Generating Super [...]

Appendix C — Super Black C-4 In the Model 3000, 4000, and 2200 Switchers, there ar e two ways to produce Super Black: First Method This is the traditional “Key over a Super Black Matte” Mode. W ith this method, you use one of the background matte generators as a Super Black generator . NOTE: When Super Black is enabled, the panel controls for[...]

Using the Super Black Output C-5 Each output module has four channels that are arranged with the video and key on adjacent channels. For example, the Program Output module is arranged as follows: Channel 3 -> Program V ideo Channel 4 -> Program Key The Configuration/Outputs menu allows you to turn Super Black on for a particular output. When[...]

Appendix C — Super Black C-6[...]

G-1 G Glossary A Abort: An instruction used to terminate execution of a computer program or routine. Accumulating Latc h: Electronic circuitry that allows several signals to be latched on at the same time and then combined to produce a compound ef fect. Active Video: The portion of a video signal that contains picture information. Array: A series o[...]

G-2 Glossary Backgr ound T ransition: A transition between signals selected on the PROGRAM and PRESET background buses or A and B Background buses. Backgr ound Video: (1) V ideo that forms a background scene into which a key may be inserted. Background video comes fr om the PROGRAM and PRESET background buses, or from the A and B Background buses i[...]

G-3 Glossary control is shar ed between the CPU and one or more other devices. Byte: A sequence of bits operated on in parallel as a unit. The number of bits per byte is determined by the design of the computing device – usually 8, 16, or 32. (Also see Bit and W ord.) C Caption: See T itle. Character Generator: An electronic device that produces [...]

G-4 Glossary Composite Video: A video signal which contains both picture and sync information. (Also see Encoded V ideo.) Control Signal: A signal used to control some aspect of switcher operation, such as video path selection and manipulation, inter-pr ocessor communications, and variable control (knob) monitoring. Control Pr ocessor: A circuit or[...]

G-5 Glossary EEPROM (Electricall y Erasable Programmab le Read Only Memory): An information storage device on which the information cannot readily be changed. It is nonvolatile memory in that power conditions do not effect the information. (Also see PROM, ROM, and RAM.) Effects Dissolve: A microprocessor - controlled mode in which the analog values[...]

G-6 Glossary Fill or Insert Video: The video or matte signal used to fill the holes cut in the background video by the key signal. Firmware: Physical devices (integrated circuits) that house computer pr ograms. (Also see Hardwar e and Software.) Flag: A bit of information used to tell the program that some condition has occurred. Flip-Flop: A tran[...]

G-7 Glossary Hard Disk: An electronic device which is capable of storing large amounts of data and programs for r etrieval and use by a computer . (Also see Floppy Disk.) Hard ware: The electric, electronic, and mechanical equipment used to perform the tasks controlled by a computer . (Also see Firmware and Softwar e). Head: An electromagnetic devi[...]

G-8 Glossary Ke y Video: The video selected on a key bus which may be the key fill, the key source, or both. L Learn: The operation of storage in an E-MEM system. Lever Arm T ransition: A transition between primary video and/or title video signals made by manually moving the lever arm. Linear Ke y: A key which is processed at or near unity gain by[...]

G-9 Glossary M/E: An abbreviation for mix/effects. Mix, Dissolve, Crossfade: A transition between two video signals in which one signal is faded down as the other is faded up or in which one signal is faded in or out over the other . Mix/Effects (M/E): An electr onic system capable of processing video signals with other video or control signals. Mi[...]

G-10 Glossary the same (background) video outside and inside the outline. P P AL (Phase Alternating Line): A transmission standard for encoded color television used in Europe and some other parts of the world. This standard uses a 4.43361875 MHz subcarrier which is alternated 90 degrees in phase fr om one occurrence of a line to the next to minimiz[...]

G-11 Glossary output of a Mix/Effects system, r eady to be placed (as a re-entry) on the switcher Program output. PROM (Pr ogrammable Read Onl y Memory): An information storage device on which the information once entered cannot readily be changed. It is nonvolatile memory such that power conditions do not effect the information. (Also see EEPROM, [...]

G-12 Glossary Shadow (Dr opshadow): A title enhancement consisting of a shadow effect along one edge of the title key or along one edge and the bottom of the key . Signal-to-Noise Ratio: A measurement of the relative amount of noise pr esent in an audio or video signal. SMPTE: Society of Motion Picture and T elevision Engineers. SMPTE Component Sta[...]

G-13 Glossary generator , graphics camera, etc. The title fill may be either a matte or title video. T ranscoder: A device for converting one component form to another , as in RGB to Y , R-Y , B-Y . Also called a translator . T ransition: An operation which changes backgrounds and/or adds or r emoves titles. A transition can be in the form of a wi[...]

G-14 Glossary[...]

Index-1 A Auto Setup 4-33 AUTO TRANS 4-9 , 4-12 Aux Bus Format Menu 2-53 Formatting 2-53 Aux Buses DPM 2-34 Mapping 2-44 B Background 4-6 wipe 4-11 Background buses 3-5 Beeper Preferences 2-62 Menu 2-62 Black Level Internal 2-10 Output Clipping 2-27 Blanking, Horizontal 2-10 Boards (Modules) Assembly/Version Number 2-4 Boot-Up 2-2 Borderline Key Ed[...]

Index-2 Index Beeper Preferences 2-62 Black Level Output Clipping 2-27 Chroma Key Inputs 2-22 Chrominance Output Clipping 2-27 Composite Output Clipping 2-27 Configuration Menu 2-7 Crosspoint Bus Shift Lock 2-55 Inputs 2-19 Defaults, User-Defined 2-63 DPM 2-34 Interface 2-41 , 2-42 Video Path 2-35 Editor Port 2-33 External Interface 2-32 , 2-52 Ext[...]

Index-3 Index Configuration 2-34 Control Connections (CPL, PBII, GPI) 2-40 Interface Configuration 2-41 Kscope Source Menu 2-48 Map Aux Buses Menu 2-44 Map Inputs Menu 2-45 Mapping Aux Buses 2-44 Inputs 2-45 Returns 2-46 Return Inputs 2-34 Setup Menu 2-41 Video Path, Configuration 2-35 DPM Capabilities Fixed 2-35 Pooled 2-35 DPM-700 Aux Bus Mapping[...]

Index-4 Index Standard 1-3 Fill 3-10 Formatting Aux Buses 2-53 Frame Store 1-19 Dropshadow Mode 4-75 Field Modes 4-74 Freeze Mode 4-74 Grab Mode 4-75 Menu, frozen images 3-30 Output Routing 4-71 Recursive Effect 4-72 Still Image Storage 4-72 Frame Store Option Operation 3-29 Overview 1-14 Functional Description 1-13 G Gain adjustments 4-25 Gain Con[...]

Index-5 Index Menu 2-56 Keyframe advanced editing 4-56 copy 4-63 cut 4-63 editing 4-54 learn 4-55 Operations 4-54 paste 4-63 Path Control B-5 timelines 4-60 Keyframe Effects Relative Positioning B-2 Keyframe Path Menu 4-66 Keyframe Path Types Curve 4-67 Hold 4-66 Linear 4-66 S-Linear 4-66 L Levels in Effects Editing Control Factors 3-21 Delegated 3[...]

Index-6 Index Outputs 2-26 Peripheral Interface 2-49 Peripheral Triggers 2-50 Preview Preferences 2-58 Set Clock 2-12 , 2-13 Setup On Key 2-18 Status 2-3 System Parameters 2-10 Upper Boards 2-5 User Preferences 2-54 Mix background 4-9 definition 3-6 Effects Clean Feed 1-19 lever arm 4-9 Modules, Assembly/Version Number 2-4 N Name Xpt Button Menu 2-[...]

Index-7 Index Keyer 2-56 Preview 2-58 Shift Lock 2-55 User 2-54 Preset bus 3-6 Preset Pattern Effects 4-28 Preview Modes Auto 2-59 Dim 2-61 Key PVW 2-59 Lookahead 2-59 PGM 2-59 Push to Preview 2-61 Preview Preferences 2-58 Menu 2-58 Program bus 3-6 R Register pushbuttons 4-50 Remote Auxiliary Bus Control Panels 1-20 Returns, DPM Mapping 2-46 S Safe[...]

Index-8 Index Master 4-60 pan 4-62 start times 4-61 zoom 4-62 Transitions 4-6 , 4-28 definition 3-6 U Unshaped 2-20 Video 2-27 Unshaped Video A-1 definition A-1 Upper Boards Menu 2-5 User Defined Default 2-2 Buffer 3-2 User Preferences 2-54 , 2-55 Menu 2-54 V VALID RGB 2-11 Video Flow Diagram 1-17 frozen image 3-30 Inputs 1-9 Outputs 1-11 Processin[...]