Yamaha AW4416 manual

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Buen manual de instrucciones

Las leyes obligan al vendedor a entregarle al comprador, junto con el producto, el manual de instrucciones Yamaha AW4416. La falta del manual o facilitar información incorrecta al consumidor constituyen una base de reclamación por no estar de acuerdo el producto con el contrato. Según la ley, está permitido adjuntar un manual de otra forma que no sea en papel, lo cual últimamente es bastante común y los fabricantes nos facilitan un manual gráfico, su versión electrónica Yamaha AW4416 o vídeos de instrucciones para usuarios. La condición es que tenga una forma legible y entendible.

¿Qué es un manual de instrucciones?

El nombre proviene de la palabra latina “instructio”, es decir, ordenar. Por lo tanto, en un manual Yamaha AW4416 se puede encontrar la descripción de las etapas de actuación. El propósito de un manual es enseñar, facilitar el encendido o el uso de un dispositivo o la realización de acciones concretas. Un manual de instrucciones también es una fuente de información acerca de un objeto o un servicio, es una pista.

Desafortunadamente pocos usuarios destinan su tiempo a leer manuales Yamaha AW4416, sin embargo, un buen manual nos permite, no solo conocer una cantidad de funcionalidades adicionales del dispositivo comprado, sino también evitar la mayoría de fallos.

Entonces, ¿qué debe contener el manual de instrucciones perfecto?

Sobre todo, un manual de instrucciones Yamaha AW4416 debe contener:
- información acerca de las especificaciones técnicas del dispositivo Yamaha AW4416
- nombre de fabricante y año de fabricación del dispositivo Yamaha AW4416
- condiciones de uso, configuración y mantenimiento del dispositivo Yamaha AW4416
- marcas de seguridad y certificados que confirmen su concordancia con determinadas normativas

¿Por qué no leemos los manuales de instrucciones?

Normalmente es por la falta de tiempo y seguridad acerca de las funcionalidades determinadas de los dispositivos comprados. Desafortunadamente la conexión y el encendido de Yamaha AW4416 no es suficiente. El manual de instrucciones siempre contiene una serie de indicaciones acerca de determinadas funcionalidades, normas de seguridad, consejos de mantenimiento (incluso qué productos usar), fallos eventuales de Yamaha AW4416 y maneras de solucionar los problemas que puedan ocurrir durante su uso. Al final, en un manual se pueden encontrar los detalles de servicio técnico Yamaha en caso de que las soluciones propuestas no hayan funcionado. Actualmente gozan de éxito manuales de instrucciones en forma de animaciones interesantes o vídeo manuales que llegan al usuario mucho mejor que en forma de un folleto. Este tipo de manual ayuda a que el usuario vea el vídeo entero sin saltarse las especificaciones y las descripciones técnicas complicadas de Yamaha AW4416, como se suele hacer teniendo una versión en papel.

¿Por qué vale la pena leer los manuales de instrucciones?

Sobre todo es en ellos donde encontraremos las respuestas acerca de la construcción, las posibilidades del dispositivo Yamaha AW4416, el uso de determinados accesorios y una serie de informaciones que permiten aprovechar completamente sus funciones y comodidades.

Tras una compra exitosa de un equipo o un dispositivo, vale la pena dedicar un momento para familiarizarse con cada parte del manual Yamaha AW4416. Actualmente se preparan y traducen con dedicación, para que no solo sean comprensibles para los usuarios, sino que también cumplan su función básica de información y ayuda.

Índice de manuales de instrucciones

  • Página 1

    PROFESSIONAL AUDIO WORKST A TION E Operation Guide[...]

  • Página 2

    FCC INFORMATION (U.S.A.) 1. IMPORTANT NOTICE: DO NOT MODIFY THIS UNIT! This product, when installed as indicated in the instructions contained in this manual, meets FCC requirements. Modifications not expressly approved by Yamaha may void your authority, granted by the FCC, to use the product. 2. IMPORTANT: When connecting this product to accessori[...]

  • Página 3

    NEDERLAND THE NETHERLANDS ● Dit apparaat bevat een lithium batterij voor geheugen back-up. ● Raadpleeg uw leverancier o ver de v erwijder ing van de batterij op het moment dat u het apparaat ann het einde van de levensduur afdankt of de volgende Y amaha Serv ice Afdeiing: Y amaha M usic N ederland Serv ice Afdeiing Kanaal weg 18-G, 3526 KL UTRE[...]

  • Página 4

    Important iv — Operation Guide Important Read the following before operating the A W4416 ❒ W arnings • Do not allow w ater to enter this unit or allow the unit to become wet. F ire or electrical shock ma y result. • Connect this unit’ s power cord only to an AC outlet of the type stated in this Owner’ s Manual or as marked on the unit. [...]

  • Página 5

    Important — Operation Guide v • Do not touch the po wer plug with wet hands. Doing so is a potential electri- cal shock hazard. • Use only the included power supply cable for this unit. Using other types ma y be a fire hazard. • Alwa ys touch a well-grounded metal surface or the like to fully disc harge any static electric charge on y our [...]

  • Página 6

    Important vi — Operation Guide Storing produced data Produced data can be lost due to breakdown or mistaken oper ation. We recom- mend that you store all important data on CD-R or CD-R W disks or other external storage medium. Responsibility for loss of data, etc. • Y amaha will accept no responsibility for any damages (including consequen- tia[...]

  • Página 7

    Important — Operation Guide vii ❍ W arning T he Y amaha Professional A udio W orkstation is designed to be used professionally and responsibly by recording industry professionals. T he reproduction, distribu- tion, or , in some instances, the public performance, of all or a portion of a sound recording or musical composition protected by cop yr[...]

  • Página 8

    Table of contents viii — Operation Guide T hank you for pur chasing the Y amaha A W4416 audio w orkstation. In order to take full ad v antage of the A W4416’ s functionality and enjoy trouble-free operation, please carefully read the “Oper ation Guide” (this manual) and the separate “Reference Manual” and “T utorial. ” T able of con[...]

  • Página 9

    Table of contents — Operation Guide ix CD-RW drive (option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Other features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Signal flow within the AW4416 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Input patch . . . . . . [...]

  • Página 10

    Table of contents x — Operation Guide Using the mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Turning a button on/off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Using the controls of the top panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Using the mouse . . . . . . .[...]

  • Página 11

    Table of contents — Operation Guide xi Recording the stereo track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Saving a scene/song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Saving a scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Saving a song . . . . . . .[...]

  • Página 12

    Table of contents xii — Operation Guide Chapter 8 Patching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Patching to the input channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Patching to the recorder inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Patching to the outputs . . . . . . . . . . [...]

  • Página 13

    Table of contents — Operation Guide xiii Usable hard disks/song capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Work area for audio CD production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Saving/loading a song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Saving the current song . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

  • Página 14

    Table of contents xiv — Operation Guide Editing the fader movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Editing automix off-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Storing an automix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Recalling an automix . . . .[...]

  • Página 15

    — Operation Guide 1 Before you begin T his chapter explains prepar ations you need to make before using the A W4416, such as c hec king the included items and installing options. Checking the included items Please make sure that the package contains the follo wing items. If an y items are missing, please contact your dealer . • A W4416 mixer/re[...]

  • Página 16

    Before you begin 2 — Operation Guide Installing an internal hard disk Y ou must install a hard disk in the A W4416 before using it. If y ou attempt to use the A W4416 without installing a har d disk, the recor der section and mixer sec- tion will fail to oper ate correctl y , and the AW4416 will be damaged as w ell. About the internal hard disk O[...]

  • Página 17

    Before you begin — Operation Guide 3 Installation Please read and observe the cautions on installing optional equipment listed at the beginning of this manual. Here’ s how to attac h a 2.5 inch IDE hard disk to the ADP25H hard disk adapter included with the A W4416, and install it into the appropriate slot of the A W4416. • Hard disks are pre[...]

  • Página 18

    Before you begin 4 — Operation Guide 4. Place the hard disk on the ADP25H as shown in the diagram below , align the screw holes of the hard disk and the ADP25H, and use your screwdriver to fasten the screws at the four locations shown. 5. Plug the connector of the flat cable extending from the ADP25H into the connector of the hard disk. • Even[...]

  • Página 19

    Before you begin — Operation Guide 5 Installing a CD-RW drive About the CD-RW drives A CD-RW dri ve is an option that allows you to create music CD’ s, to backup/ restore internal hard disk data, to pla y a music CD or to read a CD-ROM. An internal-type CD-RW dri ve can be installed by removing the CD-R W drive cov er from the front panel. CD-R[...]

  • Página 20

    Before you begin 6 — Operation Guide • In the v arious screens of the A W4416, the SCSI ID of the internal CD-RW driv e has been set to “3” b y default. F or this reason, you will find it conv e- nient to set the ID of the CD-RW to “3. ” (F or details on setting the SCSI ID , refer to the manual for your CD-R W drive.) • If you are i[...]

  • Página 21

    Before you begin — Operation Guide 7 4. Remove the CD-RW drive cover from the front panel, and remove the bottom panel. 5. T urn the CD-RW drive over , and insert it little by little, stopping when the connector end of the CD-RW drive enters the opening in the bottom of the A W4416. 6. Connect the red and white four-conductor cable included with [...]

  • Página 22

    Before you begin 8 — Operation Guide 7. Plug the connector of the flat cable (extending from inside the A W4416) into the connector of the CD-RW drive. 8. Align the screw holes in the bottom of the CD-RW drive with the screw holes of the A W4416, and use a screwdriver to fasten the drive with the four included screws. 9. Re-attach the CD-RW driv[...]

  • Página 23

    Before you begin — Operation Guide 9 Removing the transport protection pad When CD-RW dri ves are shipped, the disc tra y contains a transport protection pad that protects the internal mechanism from ph ysical shock suffered during shipment. Please remov e this protectiv e pad before use. Be sure to sa ve the tr ansport protection pad for the nex[...]

  • Página 24

    Before you begin 10 — Operation Guide Manual eject (emergency disc removal) Manual eject allows y ou to remov e the disc manually in the case of an emer - genc y such as a malfunction of the disc tr a y mechanism (usually temporary) or a power failure. Please be a w are that using this method frequently can cause the CD-RW dri ve to malfunction. [...]

  • Página 25

    Before you begin — Operation Guide 11 Connection procedure 1. Make sure that the power is turned off for the A W4416 and for the external SCSI device(s), and use a SCSI cable to connect the SCSI con- nectors of each device. When connecting an external SCSI device, use only high impedance SCSI cables of 100 ohms (±10 ohms) impedance that are 1 me[...]

  • Página 26

    Before you begin 12 — Operation Guide ❒ About terminators “T ermination” refers to the process of applying a resistor appropriate for the impedance of the SCSI bus to terminate the end of the circuit. T he resistor required for this is called the “terminator . ” Normally , a terminator must be installed at the beginning and end of the S[...]

  • Página 27

    Before you begin — Operation Guide 13 Installing I/O cards About I/O cards I/O cards compatible with the Y amaha mini-YGD AI format can be installed in the OPTION I/O slots 1/2 located on the rear panel of the A W4416 in order to add input/output ports. F or example by installing an AD A T format compatible I/O card into an OPTION I/O slot, you c[...]

  • Página 28

    Before you begin 14 — Operation Guide Installation procedure Please carefully read the cautions for installing optional devices, giv en at the beginning of this manual. 1. Make sure that the power of the A W4416 is turned off. For safety’ s sake, disconnect the power cable from the AC outlet. 2. From the OPTION I/O slot located on the rear pane[...]

  • Página 29

    — Operation Guide 15 Important points you must obser ve T urning the power on or off Y ou must use the following procedure to turn the po wer of the A W4416 on or off. ❒ T urning the power on T o turn on the power of a system that includes the A W4416, you must turn on the power s witches in the follo wing order . 1 Storage devices connected to[...]

  • Página 30

    Important points you must observe 16 — Operation Guide Setting the internal clock When the A W4416 is shipped from the factory , its internal clock is set to J apan time. When you create a song on the A W4416, the song will store the date and time using this internal time. If it becomes necessary to reset the internal clock after replacing a run-[...]

  • Página 31

    Important points you must observe — Operation Guide 17 ❒ T urning the power off T o turn off the power of a system that includes the A W4416, you must turn off the power s witches in the follo wing order . 1 T he monitor system connected to the output jacks of the A W4416 B T he A W4416 itself C Storage devices connected to the A W4416’ s SCS[...]

  • Página 32

    Important points you must observe 18 — Operation Guide T ransporting the A W4416 When transporting the A W4416, you must disconnect all cables, and pack it in the packing foam in w hich the unit was shipped (or the equi v alent). If a CD-R W driv e (option) is installed, insert the protecti ve pad that w as included with it into the driv e. • I[...]

  • Página 33

    — Operation Guide 19 1 W elcome to the world of the A W4416 T his chapter explains the features and basic concepts of the A W4416, and outlines the signal flow . Features of the A W4416 T he A W4416 is an audio workstation that combines a digital mixer , hard disk recorder , multi-effects, and sampling pads. It is the only equipment y ou need to[...]

  • Página 34

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 20 — Operation Guide ❍ Scenes and libr aries F aders locations and mix parameters for eac h channel, together with effect set- tings, can be stored as a scene. Up to 96 scenes can be used for each song. Scenes that y ou save can be recalled instantly using the top panel keys, or by tr ansmitting pro[...]

  • Página 35

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 21 ❒ Sampling pad section ❍ Assign 16 sounds to the sampling pads Sixteen sounds can be assigned to the eight pads with switc hable A/B banks. Sounds can be sampled into these pads at the same 16 bit/24 bit and 44.1 kHz/ 48 kHz audio quality as for recording. Sampling sources can[...]

  • Página 36

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 22 — Operation Guide Signal flow within the A W4416 T he following diagram sho ws the general signal flo w of the A W4416. As you can see from this diagram, the A W4416 consists of several sections: input patch, out- put patch, mixer , sampling pads, recorder , and CD-R W driv e (optional). T he sig[...]

  • Página 37

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 23 Input patch T he input patch section is w here input signals are assigned to input channels 1– 24 and return channels 1/2. T he following types of input signal can be selected. ❍ MIC/LINE INPUT Input signals from analog INPUT jacks 1–8. ❍ OPTION IN Input signals from an I/[...]

  • Página 38

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 24 — Operation Guide Input channels 1–24 T here are monaural input channels used mainly for inputting mics or line lev el instruments. T he signals input to input channels 1–24 are routed through an attenuator , phase s witch, four -band EQ, d ynamics processor , and delay , and are sent to buses [...]

  • Página 39

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 25 Return channels 1/2 T hese are stereo input channels used mainly to input the return signals from inter - nal effects 1/2. Howev er they can also be used as supplementary input channels by c hanging the input signal assignments of the input patch section. T he structure of these c[...]

  • Página 40

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 26 — Operation Guide Recorder input patching T his section assigns the signals that are input to tracks 1–16 of the recorder sec- tion. T he following types of signal can be selected. ❍ STEREO T he stereo bus output signal that has passed through the stereo output channel. ❍ BUS 1–8 T he outpu[...]

  • Página 41

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 27 Digital cascade connections T he input signal from the rear panel DIGIT AL STEREO IN jack can be cascaded directly into the stereo bus, instead of being sent via the input patch section and patched to a pair of input c hannels. T his is convenient when y ou wish to use an external[...]

  • Página 42

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 28 — Operation Guide Buses 1–8 T he signals sent from each c hannel to buses 1–8 pass through the master level, and are sent to the output patch section. T he master level is adjusted in the HOME screen Bus page ([HOME] key → [F3] key). * F or the signal flow diagram, refer to AUX buses 1–8, [...]

  • Página 43

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 29 Output patch T his section assigns the output signals to the STEREO OUT jacks, DIGIT AL STE- REO OUT jack, I/O cards installed in OPTION I/O slots 1/2, and OMNI OUT jacks 1–4. T he following types of signals can be selected. ❍ STEREO T he stereo bus output signal that has pass[...]

  • Página 44

    Chapter1—Welcome to the world of the AW4416 30 — Operation Guide By defeating these assignments, you can insert internal effects 1/2 into an y desired channel, or use A UX bus 7/8 or return channels 1/2 for other purposes. Monitor output/headphone output As monitoring jacks, the A W4416 provides MONIT OR OUT jac ks and a PHONES jack. T he types[...]

  • Página 45

    — Operation Guide 31 2 Parts and their func- tions T his chapter explains the names and functions of the v arious objects on the top panel, rear panel, and front panel. Note Names of the controllers on the top panel are enclosed in square brac kets [ ], in order to distinguish them from the “software” knobs or buttons displa yed in the displa[...]

  • Página 46

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions 32 — Operation Guide D [MONITOR OUT] control T his control adjusts the output level of the signal that is sent from the rear panel MONIT OR OUT jacks. WORK NA VIGA TE section 1 [SONG] key T his key is used for song settings and editing, and to access the SONG screen where y ou can perform the shut-down operati[...]

  • Página 47

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions — Operation Guide 33 B [FILE] key T his key accesses the FILE screen, where y ou can backup/restore songs and for - mat external storage devices connected to the SCSI connector . C [UTILITY] key T his key accesses the UTILITY screen, where y ou can operate the built-in oscilla- tor , and make v arious system s[...]

  • Página 48

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions 34 — Operation Guide F ADER MODE section In this section you can select the items that will be controlled b y faders 1–16 of the top panel. 1 [HOME] key When this key is on, faders 1–16 will adjust the input levels of the c hannels selected in the MIXING LA YER section. T he HOME page will appear in the di[...]

  • Página 49

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions — Operation Guide 35 MIXING LA YER section 1 [1-16] key B [17-24] key C [MONI] key In this section you can select the mixing la yer that will be controlled b y the top panel [SEL] keys 1–16, [ON] keys 1–16 and faders 1–16. T hese keys correspond to mixing lay ers as follo ws. PROFESSIONAL AUDIO WORKSTATI[...]

  • Página 50

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions 36 — Operation Guide T he parameters controlled by faders 1–16 will also c hange depending on the set- tings of the F ADER MODE section. 12 RTN 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 34 56 78 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 12 13 14 15 16 STEREO 34 5 67 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 13 14 15 16 5 10 20 30 70 50 40 15 ON SEL ON SEL ON SEL ON SEL ON SE[...]

  • Página 51

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions — Operation Guide 37 [SEL] keys, [ON] keys, faders 1 [SEL] (select) keys T hese keys select the channel to be operated. T he [SEL] key of the currently selected channel will light. When using automix, the [SEL] keys are used to select the channels that will be recorded. B [ON] key T hese keys turn each c hanne[...]

  • Página 52

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions 38 — Operation Guide Display section 1 Display T his is a 320 × 240 pixel liquid crystal display with bac klight, that displa ys the v al- ues of the mix parameters and the current oper ating status. B [P AN] control T his controls the pan of the channel currently selected b y the [SEL] key . If the ste- reo [...]

  • Página 53

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions — Operation Guide 39 F [SHIFT] key T his key is used to switch the tabs or buttons sho wn at the bottom of the displa y . Y ou can use a v ariety of additional functions by holding do wn the [SHIFT] key and pressing the [F1]–[F5] keys. Note symbol is displa yed in the lo wer left of the screen to indicate a [...]

  • Página 54

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions 40 — Operation Guide C [PEAK HOLD] switch T his switch sets/defeats the peak hold function of the lev el meters. D Level meters/counter T his area displays v arious information necessary when operating the recorder section of the A W4416, such as lev el meters for eac h trac k of the recorder sec- tion, a time[...]

  • Página 55

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions — Operation Guide 41 AUTOMA TION section T he keys of this section access screen pages where y ou can operate the automix and scene memory functions. T he following screens correspond to these keys. 1 [AUTOMIX] key T his key accesses the A UT OMIX screen, where you can oper ate and edit auto- mix. B [SCENE] ke[...]

  • Página 56

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions 42 — Operation Guide CURSOR/JOG & SHUTTLE section 1 [JOG ON] key T his key turns the “nudge” function on/off for the [D A T A/JOG] dial and [SHUT - TLE] dial. (“Nudge” is a function that repeatedly pla ys bac k a fixed region starting at the current location, either forward or bac kward.) When thi[...]

  • Página 57

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions — Operation Guide 43 E [ENTER] key T his key is used to finalize a value, execute a function, or mo ve to the specified locate point. Locate section In this section you can perform locate oper ations for the recorder . 1 [NUM LOCA TE] (number locate) key T his key is used to specify a locate point as a numer[...]

  • Página 58

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions 44 — Operation Guide G [REPEA T] key When this key is on, the area from the A point → B point will be play ed repeat- edly . T o cancel repeat playbac k, press the [REPEA T] key once again, or press the [ST OP] key in the transport section. H [A]/[B] keys T hese keys move to the pre-specified A or B points.[...]

  • Página 59

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions — Operation Guide 45 C [STOP] key T his key interrupts playbac k, recording, rewind, or fast-forw ard, and stops the recorder . D [PLA Y] key If the recorder is stopped, pressing this key will begin pla ybac k (if the key is pressed by itself) or record (if the key is pressed w hile holding down the [REC] key)[...]

  • Página 60

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions 46 — Operation Guide Rear panel 1 [PHANTOM +48V ON/OFF] switch T his switch supplies +48 V phantom power to the INPUT (XLR) 1/2 jacks. B INPUT 1/2 (XLR) jacks T hese are balanced XLR-3-31 type input jacks. Nominal input level is –46 dB– +4 dB . Pin connections are as follows. C INPUT 1/2 (phone) jacks T he[...]

  • Página 61

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions — Operation Guide 47 D INSERT I/O 1/2 jacks T hese are TRS phone jacks that allo w an external effect etc. to be inserted into the input signal of INPUT jacks 1/2. Nominal input lev el is 0 dB . Pin connections are as follows. E INPUT 3–8 (phone) jacks T hese are balanced TRS phone type input jacks. T he spe[...]

  • Página 62

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions 48 — Operation Guide K OPTION I/O slots 1/2 T hese slots allow optional I/O cards to be installed. Assignments for the signals input or output via the I/O cards are made in the SETUP screen → P atch IN page ( → P .133), and in the SETUP screen → P atch OUT page ( → P .136). Note F or details on install[...]

  • Página 63

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions — Operation Guide 49 • T o connect the A W4416 to an external device, use only high-impedance SCSI cables shorter than 1 meter and with an impedance of 100 ohms (±10 ohms). • Storage devices connected to the SCSI connector are used for data bac kup. T hey cannot be used directly for recording or playbac k[...]

  • Página 64

    Chapter2—Parts and their functions 50 — Operation Guide Front panel 1 CD-RW drive cover T his covers the CD-R W dri ve (option) installation ba y . Note F or details on installing a CD-RW driv e, refer to page 5. 1[...]

  • Página 65

    — Operation Guide 51 3 The user inter face of the A W4416 T his chapter explains the v arious parts of the A W4416’ s user interface, and basic operation of the A W4416. Display T he display in the top panel sho ws the following information. 1 Screen name T his is the name of the currently selected screen. B Page name/channel T he information s[...]

  • Página 66

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 52 — Operation Guide T he remaining recording time will be display ed in the TRACK screen TR V iew page when y ou press the [SHIFT] + [F1] key . E Song/scene information T he information shown in this location will depend on the screen: the sampling frequenc y , quantization, and tempo/meter of the curr[...]

  • Página 67

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 53 T he action of moving the pointer to the desired item, then pressing and holding the left button or right button of the mouse and moving the mouse is called “dr ag- ging. ” Tip! When dragging the mouse to continuously adjust a par ameter v alue, the v alue will change more r api[...]

  • Página 68

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 54 — Operation Guide Level meters/counter T he level meters/counter in the upper right of the top panel show the follo wing information. 1 REMAIN indicator T his will light when the counter 3 shows the remaining recording time. In the TRA CK screen TR View page, this will appear w hen y ou press [SHIFT][...]

  • Página 69

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 55 G Level meters 1–16 T hese level meters show the input lev el and output level for eac h trac k 1–16 of the recorder section. H Level meter L/R T hese level meters show the output lev el (the signal after passing through EQ and d ynamics processing) of the stereo output channel.[...]

  • Página 70

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 56 — Operation Guide Basic operation of the A W4416 T his section explains basic operation of the AW4416. Accessing a screen/page T o operate the mix par ameters of the A W4416 or to edit the internal settings, you must first access the desired screen in the displa y . If a screen contains two or more [...]

  • Página 71

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 57 2. In the display access menu, click the button that corresponds to the desired screen. 3. T o changes pages within the same screen, move the pointer to one of the tabs in the bottom of the screen, and click the left or right mouse button. T he corresponding page will appear . < [...]

  • Página 72

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 58 — Operation Guide Editing the value of a fader/knob/numerical box Here’ s how to edit the v alue of an on-screen fader/knob/numerical box. ❒ Using the controls of the top panel 1. Use the CURSOR [ ]/[ ]/[ ]/[ ] keys to move the cursor to the desired fader/knob numerical box. < Move the cursor [...]

  • Página 73

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 59 Using the additional function buttons In screens where the symbol is displa yed in the lower left, y ou can access additional buttons or tabs in the bottom of the displa y to use v arious additional functions. ❒ Using the controls of the top panel 1. In a screen where the symbol i[...]

  • Página 74

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 60 — Operation Guide Inputting text When you create a new song, or w hen you sa ve the settings of a scene memory or library , a popup window will appear , allowing y ou to assign a name to the song or the settings. Here’ s how to input text into the popup window . ❒ Using the controls of the tab pa[...]

  • Página 75

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 61 T he items in each popup window and their function are as follo ws. 1 T ext input bo x Characters, numer als, and symbols can be input in this box. When you create a new song or sa ve for the first time, a default name will be input. T he highlighted text indicates that it is being[...]

  • Página 76

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 62 — Operation Guide ❒ Using the mouse 1. Perform the scene or librar y Save operation, or create a new song. If you perform the scene or libr ary Sa ve operation, a TITLE EDIT popup window will appear , allo wing you to assign a name to the scene or libr ary . If you create a new song, a N AME EDIT p[...]

  • Página 77

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 63 Selecting channels When editing the channel mix par ameters on the A W4416, y ou must first select the channel that y ou wish to control. Here’ s ho w to select channels. 1. Use the keys of the MIXING LA YER section to select the mixing layer that you wish to control According to[...]

  • Página 78

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 64 — Operation Guide 3. Use the [P AN] control, EQ [Q]/[F]/[G] controls, and EQ [HIGH]– EQ[LOW] keys at the right of the display to adjust the pan and EQ of the channel that you selected by pressing its [SEL] key . T he controls and keys at the right of the display apply only to the c hannel that was [...]

  • Página 79

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 — Operation Guide 65 ❍ If the mixing la y er is [1-16] ❍ If the mixing la y er is [17-24 R TN] Fader mode Fader 1–8 9–14 15 16 STEREO HOME Input level of input channels 1–16 Output level of the stereo output channel AUX1 Send level from input channels 1–16 to AUX 1 AUX2 Send level from input[...]

  • Página 80

    Chapter3—The user interface of the AW4416 66 — Operation Guide ❍ If the mixing lay er is [MONI] Fader mode Fader 1–8 9–14 15 16 STEREO HOME Input level of monitor channels 1–16 Output level of the stereo output channel AUX1 Send level from monitor channels 1–16 to AUX 1 AUX2 Send level from monitor channels 1–16 to AUX 2 AUX3 Send l[...]

  • Página 81

    — Operation Guide 67 4 Connections and setup T his chapter explains ho w to connect external devices and set up your sys- tem before you begin using the A W4416. Connections T he following diagram sho ws typical audio connections for the A W4416. Monitor system Headphones MONITOR OUT OMNI OUT 1/2 INPUT 1–8 INPUT 1–8 INSERT I/O INPUT 8 Hi-Z PH[...]

  • Página 82

    Chapter4—Connections and setup 68 — Operation Guide W ord clock settings If a device such as a digital MTR or D A T recorder is digitally connected to the A W4416, the clock that controls the timing at w hich digital audio is processed (referred to as the “word cloc k”) must be sync hronized. T o do so, you must select one of the devices as[...]

  • Página 83

    Chapter4—Connections and setup — Operation Guide 69 ❍ D.ST IN T he word clock data included in the input signal from the DIGIT AL STEREO IN jack will be the cloc k source. ❍ WCLK IN T he word clock data included in the input signal from the WORD CLOCK IN jac k will be the clock sour ce. ❍ INT T he internal clock of the A W4416 will be the[...]

  • Página 84

    Chapter4—Connections and setup 70 — Operation Guide ❍ Using a digital MTR as the wor d cloc k master (1) T his method uses a digital MTR as the word clock master , and causes the A W4416 to synchronize to the word cloc k included in the input signal from the digital I/O card. F or this method, turn on one of the 1/2–7/8 buttons for the slot[...]

  • Página 85

    Chapter4—Connections and setup — Operation Guide 71 ❍ Using a D A T recorder as the w or d clock master If you wish to input a digital signal from a D A T recorder or sampler etc. into the A W4416 via the DIGIT AL STEREO IN jack, turn on the D .ST IN button. • Set the D A T recorder so that it will oper ate according to its own internal clo[...]

  • Página 86

    — Operation Guide 73 5 Recording on the A W4416 T his chapter explains basic oper ation for performing multitrac k recording and mixdown on the A W4416, using the example of recording instruments such as rh ythm machine (drums), bass, guitar , and keyboard on their own trac ks. Preparations for recording Connections and start-up Here’ s how to [...]

  • Página 87

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 74 — Operation Guide 2. T urn on the power in the following order: audio sources/SCSI devices connected to the A W4416 → the A W4416 → monitor system. T he display of the A W4416 will show the opening screen, and will then change to the TRA CK screen TR V iew page. When the power of the A W4416 is turned on,[...]

  • Página 88

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 75 Creating a new song On the A W4416, all data (mixer settings, recorder settings, audio data etc.) nec- essary for reproducing a musical work are stored on the hard disk as a unit called a “song. ” In order to record, you must begin b y creating a new song. Tip! A new 44.1 kHz/16 bit song[...]

  • Página 89

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 76 — Operation Guide 3. Move the cursor to the YES button to save the current song, or to the NO button if you do not wish to save it. Then press the [ENTER] key . T he NEW SONG SETTING popup window will appear . In this popup windo w you can specify the basic settings for the new song. ❍ Fs T his is the sampl[...]

  • Página 90

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 77 Tip! Mixer data import, name edit, and comment edit oper ations can also be performed later in the SONG screen Song Edit page or SONG screen Setting page, as an alter - nativ e to performing them here w hen you create a new song. 5. Make sure that the cursor is located at the OK button, and [...]

  • Página 91

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 78 — Operation Guide Recording the first tracks T his section explains the procedure for recording a rh ythm machine (or drum mics) connected to INPUT jacks 1/2 onto tr ac ks 1/2 of the recorder . T he explanation in this section assumes that the A W4416’ s mixer and patching settings are in their initial sta[...]

  • Página 92

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 79 When you s witch mixing la yers, the faders will mov e instantly to new positions. Be careful not to place objects near the faders. T he “mixing lay er” is the group of c hannels controlled b y the top panel [ON] keys 1–16, [SEL] keys 1–16, and faders 1–16. T he A W4416 has the fol[...]

  • Página 93

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 80 — Operation Guide 6. If you wish to set the input signals of INPUT jacks 1/2 as a stereo pair , hold down [SEL] key 1 and press [SEL] key 2. Adjacent odd-numbered → even-numbered input channels can be specified as a stereo pair . Y ou will find it convenient to pair two c hannels that are inputting a ster[...]

  • Página 94

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 81 Assign the signals to buses When the A W4416 is in the initial state, bus outputs 1–8 of the mixer section are patched as follo ws to trac ks 1–16 of the recorder . In our example here, we will assign the signal from the rh ythm machine (or drum mics) input via input chan- nels 1/2 to bu[...]

  • Página 95

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 82 — Operation Guide Note that the level w hen the P AN knob is positioned at full left or full right will differ between paired and unpaired channels. T he level of a channel that is not paired will rise 3 dB w hen the P AN knob is positioned at full left (L16) or full right (R16). 4. In the same way , move the[...]

  • Página 96

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 83 When trac ks are paired, you must oper ate only one of the faders. Attempting to move both faders simultaneously will place a str ain on the motor , and may cause malfunctions. Make monitor settings Now we will send the signal of monitor c hannels 1/2 to the stereo bus, so that it can be mon[...]

  • Página 97

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 84 — Operation Guide 6. In the same way as for the input channels, set the P AN knobs of monitor channels 1/2 to far left (L16) for channel 1 and far right (R16) for chan- nel 2. 7. Make sure that [ON] keys 1/2 and the STEREO [ON] key are on, and raise faders 1/2 and the STEREO fader to the 0 dB position. When t[...]

  • Página 98

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 85 Let’ s record! 1. Press the Locate section [RTZ] key . T he level meter/counter and the displa y counter will rewind to zero (00:00:00.000). Tip! With the default settings of the song, hours (hours/minutes/seconds/milliseconds) are selected as the counter unit of the lev el meter/counter a[...]

  • Página 99

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 86 — Operation Guide If the following keys are on, the keys of the Locate section and the T ransport sec- tion will ha ve no effect. (Alternati vely , the functions assigned to the keys will change.) Select a different key before y ou continue with this procedure. • WORK N A VIGA TE section: [SONG] key , [MAST[...]

  • Página 100

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 87 Overdubbing In this section we will explain how to record an electric bass connected to INPUT 8 (HI-Z) jack w hile monitoring the rhythm mac hine (or drums) recorded on trac ks 1/2. Set the input level 1. While producing sound on your instrument, adjust [GAIN] control 8 so that the PEAK indi[...]

  • Página 101

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 88 — Operation Guide Assign the signal to a bus Here we will make settings so that the electric bass signal being input from input channel 8 will be sent to recorder tr ac k 3 via bus 3. 1. Press the [VIEW] key → [F1] key . T he VIEW screen CH V iew page will appear . T he CH V iew page shows all mix parameter[...]

  • Página 102

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 89 Put the track in record-ready mode Next we will put trac k 3 of the recorder in record-read y mode, and adjust the input level. 1. In the level meters/counter section, press [REC TRACK SELECT] key 3. [REC TRA CK SELECT] key 3 and REC READ Y indicator 3 in the level meter/ counter will blink,[...]

  • Página 103

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 90 — Operation Guide Make monitor settings W e will make settings so that the signal of the rhythm mac hine (drums) that were earlier recorded on trac ks 1/2 and the bass signal being recorded on trac k 3 will be sent to the stereo bus, and can be monitored via the MONIT OR OUT jacks or PHONES jack. 1. Press the[...]

  • Página 104

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 91 Using EQ and the dynamics processor By using the four -band EQ and dynamics processor that are pro vided for eac h input channel, y ou can process the bass sound as you record it on a trac k. ❒ Using the four-band EQ 1. In the MIXING LA YER section, press the [1–16] key → [SEL] key 8. [...]

  • Página 105

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 92 — Operation Guide • [F] .................. Set the center frequenc y of each band. F or each band, the range is 21 Hz–20.1 kHz. • [G] ................. Set the amount of boost/cut for eac h band. F or each band, the range is ±18 dB . When you oper ate the EQ [Q]/[F]/[G] controls, the parameter v alues [...]

  • Página 106

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 93 5. A CONFIRMA TION popup window will appear , asking you confirm the recall operation. 6. Move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . T he “E.B.F inger” d ynamics program will be loaded into input c hannel 8. 7. Press the [F1] key . T he D YN/DL Y screen Dyn.Edit page w[...]

  • Página 107

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 94 — Operation Guide Let’ s overdub! 1. Press the Locate section [RTZ] key . 2. T o begin recording, hold down the T ransport section [REC] ( ● ) key and press the [PLA Y] ( ® ) key . T he [REC] key and [PLA Y] key will light, and the red REC READ Y indicator of trac k 3 will c hange from blinking to lit. 3[...]

  • Página 108

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 95 Mixdown In this section we will explain the procedure for creating a stereo mix of the sig- nals recorded on trac ks 1–16, applying internal effects, and recording the stereo trac k on the hard disk. Creating the mix balance of the tracks 1. Make sure that [REC TRACK SELECT] keys 1–16 ar[...]

  • Página 109

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 96 — Operation Guide 6. Raise the STEREO fader to the 0 dB position. 7. Make sure that [ON] keys 1–16 and the STEREO [ON] key are lit, play back the song from the beginning, and use faders 1–16 to set the level of each track. At this time, watc h the L/R level meter of the level meter/counter , and do not al[...]

  • Página 110

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 97 Tip! As an alternati ve to using the Solo function, y ou can also monitor just a specific trac k b y pressing the TRACK [CUE] s witc h in the level meters/counter section, and then using [REC TRACK SELECT] keys 1–16 to select a tr ack. By using this method, the direct output of the record[...]

  • Página 111

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 98 — Operation Guide Tip! F or example if the SOLO SAFE CHANNEL section R TN1/R TN2 buttons are on, the Solo function will not affect return c hannels 1/2. T his allows you to monitor the soloed channel with an effect suc h as reverb still applied. 5. T o use the Solo function, play back the recorder and press t[...]

  • Página 112

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 99 Using the internal effects T he A W4416 provides two internal effects, w hic h can be used either via AUX send/return or by being inserted into a specific c hannel. Here we will explain how to use the AUX bus to apply rev erb to the signals of the trac ks. 1. Press the [AUX 7] key → [F2] [...]

  • Página 113

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 100 — Operation Guide 5. Press [P AN] key → [F2] key . T he P AN/ROUTE screen P an 17–24 page will appear , allowing y ou to make pan settings and bus assignments for input channels 17–24 and return c hannels 1/2. 6. Make sure that the RTN1 (return channel 1) area ST button is on, and that the two P AN kno[...]

  • Página 114

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 101 Other convenient functions T he mixer section of the A W4416 provides other conv enient functions as described below . Y ou can use them as needed. ❒ Fader groups T his function groups fader operations for multiple channels. By mo ving a single fader , y ou can adjust all faders in that g[...]

  • Página 115

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 102 — Operation Guide ❒ Automix By using this function, fader and [ON] key operations, c hanges in mix parameters such as EQ and pan, and ev ents suc h as scene memory or library selection can be recorded and pla y ed back in realtime in sync hronization with the song. Y ou can also record operations in multip[...]

  • Página 116

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 103 2. Play back the song from the beginning, and watch the L/R level meter in the level meters/counter section. If the red 0 dB segment lights, lower faders 1–16 and/or the STEREO fader . 3. After you have set the level, rewind the song to the beginning. Then hold down the T ransport section[...]

  • Página 117

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 104 — Operation Guide Howev er with this monitoring method, the signal will pass through the monitor channel and the output c hannel, meaning that you will not necessarily be moni- toring in a “flat” state. Here’ s how y ou can output the stereo trac k directly from the MONIT OR OUT jacks. 7. In the level[...]

  • Página 118

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 105 Saving a scene/song ❒ Saving a scene If you wish to reproduce the mixer settings as well w hen you recall the current song at a later time, you must store the current mix par ameters as a Scene. 1. Use the [ ]/[ ] keys in the SCENE MEMORY section of the top panel to select the store desti[...]

  • Página 119

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 106 — Operation Guide 3. As desired, assign a scene name of up to 16 characters. (For details on inputting characters, refer to page 60.) When you are finished, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . T he scene will be stored. ❒ Saving a song T he current song will be sav ed automaticall[...]

  • Página 120

    Chapter5—Recording on the AW4416 — Operation Guide 107 A CONFIRMA TION popup windo w will appear , asking you to confirm the Sa ve operation. Tip! When you shut do wn the A W4416, the current song will be sa ved automatically . Howev er , we recommend that y ou sav e the song manually w hen y ou are finished recording ( → P .177). If you fa[...]

  • Página 121

    — Operation Guide 109 6 T ransport/locate oper- ations T his chapter explains tr ansport and locate operations on the A W4416. T able of transport key operations T he function of the keys in the transport section of the AW4416 will c hange depending on the status (current operating mode) of the tr ansport. T he following table shows ho w the tran[...]

  • Página 122

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations 110 — Operation Guide Shuttle function (cue/review opera- tion) While the transport is stopped or pla ying, you can operate the [SHUTTLE] dial to pla y forw ard (cue) or pla y bac kward (review) at v arious speeds. T he cue or review speed will change according to the angle of the [SHUTTLE] dial, as shown in[...]

  • Página 123

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations — Operation Guide 111 3. T o move the current location for ward, turn the [DA T A/JOG] dial toward the right. T o move the current location backward, turn the [DA T A/JOG] dial toward the left. If time displa y (SECOND) is selected as the counter displa y mode, the current location will mov e in millisecond [...]

  • Página 124

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations 112 — Operation Guide ❒ Nudge function settings Here’ s how to adjust the nudge time and pla y mode of the Nudge function. 1. W ith the song stopped, press the [UTILITY] key → [F3] key . 2. T o set the nudge time, move the cursor to the TIME field of the NUDGE area, and rotate the [DA T A/JOG] dial to[...]

  • Página 125

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations — Operation Guide 113 Rollback function While the song is stopped or pla ying, y ou can press the [ROLL B ACK] key of the Locate section to mov e the current location back b y a fixed length. T his is conve- nient when y ou are playing bac k, and come to a location that you wish to listen to once again. T h[...]

  • Página 126

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations 114 — Operation Guide Locating to a specific point Y ou can directly specify a locate point as a numerical v alue, and locate to it. Here’ s how . 1. W ith the transport stopped, press the [NUM LOCA TE] key of the Locate section. If you ha ve selected a screen where normal tr ansport operations cannot be [...]

  • Página 127

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations — Operation Guide 115 Locating to the zero location of the counter When the song is stopped or pla ying, y ou can press the [RTZ] key of the Locate section to locate to the zero location of the currently displa y ed counter . (If the counter is displa ying measures, y ou will locate to the beginning of the ?[...]

  • Página 128

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations 116 — Operation Guide 3. If you wish to return the counter to the absolute time display , press the [ABS/REL] key . T he specified relative zero location will be displa yed as follows in the TRA CK screen → TR View page that appears w hen y ou press the [TRA CK] key → [F1] key . Tip! T he zero relative [...]

  • Página 129

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations — Operation Guide 117 Locating to the start/end points T he start point and end point normally correspond to the beginning and end of the song. When you create a new song, absolute time 00:00:00.000 will be set as the default start point. When you record a song, the last point in the song will automatically [...]

  • Página 130

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations 118 — Operation Guide A-B repeat A-B Repeat is a function that repeatedly pla ys bac k the region between the point A and point B that you specify . T he A/B points can be set w hen the song is either stopped or pla ying. ❒ Setting the A/B points 1. Locate the song to the location where you wish to set poi[...]

  • Página 131

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations — Operation Guide 119 6. Press the [PLA Y] key . Repeated playback between points A/B will begin. 7. T o defeat A-B repeat, press the [REPEA T] key . T he [REPEA T] key will go dark, indicating that A-B repeat has been defeated. If you pressed the [REPEA T] key to defeat A-B repeat, normal pla yback will res[...]

  • Página 132

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations 120 — Operation Guide In/out points T he A W4416 remembers the locations at whic h recording was last begun and ended as the In point and the Out point. When the In and Out points are memo- rized, the [IN] and [OUT] keys will light. In this state, you can press the [IN] key or the [OUT] key to locate to the [...]

  • Página 133

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations — Operation Guide 121 Markers T he A W4416 allows you to set up to 99 markers at an y desired locations in the song. Y ou can use the [ ]/[ ] keys to searc h/locate these markers. Markers are conv enient when y ou wish to locate repeatedly to specific points in the song. ❒ Setting a marker 1. Locate the s[...]

  • Página 134

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations 122 — Operation Guide A number in the range of 1–99 will be assigned to eac h marker y ou set, and these will be displa y ed as follows in the TRACK screen TR V iew page that appears when you press the [TRA CK] key → [F1] key . Please note that the numbers 1–99 do not indicate the order in whic h y ou [...]

  • Página 135

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations — Operation Guide 123 Adjusting the location of a locate point T he location of the Start/End points, A/B points, In/Out points, and Markers can be adjusted as desired. 1. Press the [TRACK] key → [F4] key . A screen will appear in whic h you can adjust the various locate points. • Except for the Start/En[...]

  • Página 136

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations 124 — Operation Guide Howev er , please be a w are that changing the Start point will not affect the time code displa y of the counter . If you want the time code displa y to match the abso- lute time displa y , set the time code top to the Start point (Refer to Reference Guide “SONG screen/Setting page. ?[...]

  • Página 137

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations — Operation Guide 125 Deleting a locate point A locate point (except for the Start/End points) can be deleted as follows. Be aw are that a locate point y ou delete cannot be recov ered. 1. Press the [TRACK] key → [F4] key . 2. Move the cursor to the display area of the locate point you wish to delete, and [...]

  • Página 138

    Chapter6—Transport/locate operations 126 — Operation Guide Deleting a locate point using the panel keys A locate point (except for the Start/End points) can be deleted as follows using only the panel keys. ❒ Deleting an In/Out point or A/B point Hold down the [C ANCEL] key , and press the key for the locate point that you wish to delete ([A]/[...]

  • Página 139

    — Operation Guide 127 7 Punch-in/out T his chapter explains ho w to use punch-in/out. About punch-in/out Punch-in/out is a method for re-recording a portion of a previously recorded trac k. T here are two types of punc h-in/out. ❒ Manual punch-in/out ( → P .128) In this method you can punc h in or out manually , using the tr ansport keys of t[...]

  • Página 140

    Chapter7—Punch-in/out 128 — Operation Guide Manual punch-in/out Here’ s how to perform manual punc h-in/out. Preparations ❒ Make input monitor settings F or the track on w hic h y ou wish to punch-in/out, y ou will need to monitor the trac k pla yback up to the punch-in point, and then monitor the input signal of the trac k (the recording s[...]

  • Página 141

    Chapter7—Punch-in/out — Operation Guide 129 Manual punch-in/out recording 1. Locate the song to a location earlier than where you wish to punch-in. Tip! If you set a locate point suc h as a marker or the A/B point at this location, it will be conv enient when y ou later chec k the recorded result or perform punc h-in/out again. F or details on [...]

  • Página 142

    Chapter7—Punch-in/out 130 — Operation Guide Auto punch-in/out Here’ s how to use auto punc h-in/out. Preparations ❒ Make input monitor settings T o perform punch-in/out recording, y ou will need to select “auto input monitor” as the input monitor setting. F or details refer to page 128. ❒ Set the auto punch-in/out points Specify the l[...]

  • Página 143

    Chapter7—Punch-in/out — Operation Guide 131 1. Press the [UTILITY] key → [F3] key . 2. Move the cursor to the pre-roll (PREROLL) or post-roll (POSTROLL) fi elds, and use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to set the pre-roll time and post-roll time. Rehearsing and recording with auto punch- in/out ❒ Rehearsing with auto punch-in/out 1. Press the [REC T[...]

  • Página 144

    Chapter7—Punch-in/out 132 — Operation Guide 4. If you wish to rehearse once again, press the [PLA Y] key once again while the transport is stopped. Tip! If you press the [REHEARSAL] key before or during rehearsal, oper ations 1 – 4 of step 3 will continue repeating. (In this case, the A-B Repeat function will be defeated.) T o stop repeating [...]

  • Página 145

    — Operation Guide 133 8 Patching T his chapter explains ho w to patch the inputs and outputs, and ho w to use the Quick Rec function to simultaneously record sixteen c hannels of input sources. Patching to the input channels When the A W4416 is in the default state, input signals are patched to input c han- nels 1–24 as shown in the follo wing [...]

  • Página 146

    Chapter8—Patching 134 — Operation Guide 1 Input channels 1–24 B Return channels 1/2 2. Move the cursor to the channel that you wish to patch, and use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the signal that you wish to assign. T he following signals can be assigned to each c hannel. ❍ Input channels 1–24 ❍ Return channels 1/2 Tip! Y ou can use t[...]

  • Página 147

    Chapter8—Patching — Operation Guide 135 Patching to the recorder inputs When the A W4416 is in the default state, buses 1–8 are assigned respectiv ely to recorder inputs 1–8 and 9–16, but you can assign the direct signals from the input channels as desired. Here’ s how to assign the desired signals to recorder inputs 1–16. 1. Press th[...]

  • Página 148

    Chapter8—Patching 136 — Operation Guide Patching to the outputs When the A W4416 is in the default state, the following signals are assigned to the OMNI OUT jacks, STEREO OUT jac ks, and digital I/O card outputs. If necessary , you can c hange the output signals that are assigned to these output jacks. Here’ s how to assign the desired signal[...]

  • Página 149

    Chapter8—Patching — Operation Guide 137 2. Move the cursor to the output jack whose patching you wish to change, and use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the signal that you wish to assign. T he following types of signal can be assigned to each output jac k. ❍ OMNI OUT jacks 1–4 ❍ DIGIT AL STEREO OUT jack ❍ STEREO OUT jacks ❍ Digital I[...]

  • Página 150

    Chapter8—Patching 138 — Operation Guide Patch librar y P atch settings that y ou make in the SETUP screen P atch IN page and P atch OUT page can be stored in the patch libr ary as one of twenty patc h programs. T he con- tents of the patch libr ary are sa ved on the internal hard disk as part of the song. Here’ s how to use the patc h library[...]

  • Página 151

    Chapter8—Patching — Operation Guide 139 Tip! Y ou can also write the patc h program directly , without accessing the TITLE EDIT popup window . T o do so, turn off the ST ORE CONFIRMA TION setting in the UTIL- ITY screen Prefer .1 page ([UTILITY] key → [F2] key). In this case, y our settings will be sa ved in a libr ary named “New Data” wh[...]

  • Página 152

    Chapter8—Patching 140 — Operation Guide Patching input/output jacks to an insert I/O point Y ou can patch v arious input/output jacks to the insert I/O point of a channel. T his patching method allo ws y ou to apply an external effect to a monitor channel dur - ing mixdown. 1. Use the MIXING LA YER section keys and the [SEL] keys to select the [...]

  • Página 153

    Chapter8—Patching — Operation Guide 141 5. Move the cursor to the SEND field, and use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the insert send jack. Y ou can select from the following jac ks. ❍ When selecting for an input c hannel 1–24 or a monitor c hannel 1–16 ❍ When selecting for a r eturn c hannel 1/2 or the stereo output c hannel 6. Move t[...]

  • Página 154

    Chapter8—Patching 142 — Operation Guide 7. When you have finished making patching settings, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . T he EFFECT INSERT field will indicate “ON [EXTERN AL] , ” indicating that the selected input/output jacks ha ve been patched to the insert I/O point. Tip! T o defeat the patching of an i[...]

  • Página 155

    Chapter8—Patching — Operation Guide 143 Using the Quick Rec function Quick Rec is a function that r apidly makes the appropriate settings so that y ou can simultaneously record sixteen input sources to audio tr acks 1–16. When you execute Quick Rec, groups of eight input sour ces will be assigned directly to trac ks 1–16, and input patc h a[...]

  • Página 156

    Chapter8—Patching 144 — Operation Guide 3. Move the cursor to the EXECUTE button in the lower right of the display , and press the [ENTER] key . A popup window will appear , asking you to confirm execution of Quic k Rec. 4. T o execute the Quick Rec settings, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . All [REC TRA CK SELECT] [...]

  • Página 157

    Chapter8—Patching — Operation Guide 145 6. Play back the audio source connected to the input jacks of the I/O cards (slots 1/2). T he levels of the signals sent from the I/O card INPUT to trac ks 1–16 (i.e., record- ing levels) will be displa yed in the level meter/counter . 7. As necessary , use the faders of input channels 1–16 to adjust [...]

  • Página 158

    — Operation Guide 147 9 T rack and virtual track operations T his chapter explains the tr ack structure of the recorder section, and ho w to perform editing and other operations. The track structure of the A W4416 T he recorder section of the A W4416 handles three types of tracks: audio tr ac ks, virtual trac ks, and the stereo trac k. ❍ Audio [...]

  • Página 159

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations 148 — Operation Guide T o defeat muting of trac ks 1–16, y ou must first reduce the number of record- read y trac ks to eight trac ks or fewer , and then use the TRA CK screen TR V iew page ([TRA CK] key → [F1] key) to manually un-mute each tr ack. (F or details refer to Reference Guide “TRA CK[...]

  • Página 160

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations — Operation Guide 149 Switching virtual tracks Here’ s how to switc h the virtual track that a specific trac k will use. 1. Press the [TRACK] key → [F2] key . T he TRA CK screen V .T rack page will appear in the displa y . T his page shows the following information. 1 T r ack number T hese are th[...]

  • Página 161

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations 150 — Operation Guide 2. Move the cursor to the virtual track number that you wish to assign to track 1, and press the [ENTER] key . T he virtual track number y ou select will be highlighted. No w you can record and pla y bac k the newly selected virtual trac k without affecting the previous virtual t[...]

  • Página 162

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations — Operation Guide 151 Pairing tracks Adjacent odd-numbered → even-numbered trac ks (trac ks 1/2, tracks 3/4 ... trac ks 15/16) can be set as a stereo pair . P aired tracks will alw a ys operate in tandem, such as w hen tracks are selected for editing, or w hen you s witc h virtual trac ks. F or exam[...]

  • Página 163

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations 152 — Operation Guide Editing tracks and virtual tracks A v ariety of editing operations can be performed on the audio data recorded on trac ks 1–16 of the A W4416, suc h as copying data between tr ac ks, moving data to an earlier or later location within the same trac k, or c hanging the pitch. In [...]

  • Página 164

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations — Operation Guide 153 Naming a virtual track or region When you record something on a tr ac k, the following default name will be assigned to that virtual trac k. • Default virtual tr ack name .. V .T r x-y (x=trac k number , y=virtual tr ack number) • Default region name ........... VTxy (x=track[...]

  • Página 165

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations 154 — Operation Guide 3. Move the cursor to the NAME menu and press the [ENTER] key . Buttons to specify NAME menu options will appear . 4. Move the cursor to the TRACK button and press the [ENTER] key . T he cursor will move to the area at the bottom of the screen. 5. Use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to sel[...]

  • Página 166

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations — Operation Guide 155 6. Move the cursor to the NAME button and press the [ENTER] key . A NAME EDIT popup windo w will appear , allowing you to assign a name to the trac k/region. 7. When you have finished inputting the name, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . (For details o[...]

  • Página 167

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations 156 — Operation Guide 5. Use the CURSOR [ ]/[ ]/[ ]/[ ] keys to select the region that you wish to name, and press the [ENTER] key . 6. Move the cursor to the NAME button and press the [ENTER] key . A NAME EDIT popup windo w will appear , allowing you to assign a name to the region. 7. When you have ?[...]

  • Página 168

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations — Operation Guide 157 E TRA CK/P ART/REGION menus T hese respectively access editing commands for editing entire tr ac ks, parts, or regions. Mov e the cursor to the desired menu, and press the [ENTER] key to view the list of editing commands. F P arameter setting ar ea In this area you can make the n[...]

  • Página 169

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations 158 — Operation Guide 4. T o change the parameter settings, move the cursor to the correspond- ing button. T he lower part of the displa y will show the settings of the par ameter at w hich the cursor is currently located. 5. Press the [ENTER] key . T he cursor will move to the setting area in the lo [...]

  • Página 170

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations — Operation Guide 159 8. T o execute the editing command, move the cursor to the EXECUTE but- ton, and press the [ENTER] key . T he editing command you selected in step 3 will be executed. Tip! • If you wish to halt the editing oper ation, mov e the cursor to a button in the top level, and press the[...]

  • Página 171

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations 160 — Operation Guide E TRA CK/P ART/REGION menus T hese respectively access editing commands for editing entire tr ac ks, parts, or regions. Mov e the cursor to the desired menu, and press the [ENTER] key to view the list of editing commands. F P arameter setting ar ea In this area you can make the n[...]

  • Página 172

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations — Operation Guide 161 9. T o execute the editing command, move the cursor to the EXECUTE but- ton, and press the [ENTER] key . T he editing command you selected in step 4 will be executed. Tip! • If you wish to halt the editing oper ation, mov e the cursor to a button in the top level, and press the[...]

  • Página 173

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations 162 — Operation Guide P ART menu T hese commands edit data in units of parts. When using these commands, you will need to specify not only the trac k for editing, but also the editing start loca- tion (ST AR T) and end location (END). ❍ ERASE Erase the audio data of the selected part. Audio data fol[...]

  • Página 174

    Chapter9—Track and virtual track operations — Operation Guide 163 REGION menu T hese commands edit data in units of regions. ❍ NAME Assign a name to a region. ❍ ERASE Erase the selected region. Audio data following that region will not be affected. ❍ DELETE Delete the selected region. Audio data following that region will mov e forw ard b[...]

  • Página 175

    — Operation Guide 165 10 Internal effects T his chapter explains the tw o built-in effects of the A W4416. About the internal effects T he A W4416 contains two multi-effect units (respectiv ely called “effect 1” and “effect 2”). In general, the internal effects can be used in the follo wing two w a ys. ❒ Using AUX send/return In this me[...]

  • Página 176

    Chapter10—Internal effects 166 — Operation Guide Using AUX send/return to apply an effect As an example of using an effect with AUX send/return, here’ s how to apply effect 1 via AUX bus 7. ❒ Patching Make sure that the AUX send/return patc hing for effect 1 is appropriate. 1. Press the [SETUP] key → [F1] (Patch IN) key . T he SETUP scree[...]

  • Página 177

    Chapter10—Internal effects — Operation Guide 167 ❒ Recalling an effect program from the library T he A W4416 provides 41 effect types such as Rev erb Hall, Gate Reverb, and Ste- reo Dela y . The effect type libr ary contains factory-set effect programs that use these effect types. Here’ s how to recall an effect program of the effect type y[...]

  • Página 178

    Chapter10—Internal effects 168 — Operation Guide 3. Move the cursor to the RECALL button, and press the [ENTER] key . A popup window will appear , asking you to confirm the recall operation. Tip! It is also possible to recall the effect progr am directly , without displa ying the popup window that asks y ou to confirm the recall operation. T [...]

  • Página 179

    Chapter10—Internal effects — Operation Guide 169 ❒ Switching between pre-fader and post-fader F or each monitor c hannel, you can select the location (pre-fader or post-fader) from whic h the signal will be sent to A UX 7. 1. Press the [AUX 7] → [F4] key . T he Pre/PstMON page will appear , where y ou can make pre-/post-fader settings for m[...]

  • Página 180

    Chapter10—Internal effects 170 — Operation Guide ❒ Adjusting the send level/return level Here’ s how to adjust the send level for eac h monitor channel, and the return level of the return channel. 1. Press the [HOME] key → [17-24 RTN] key . [SEL] keys 15/16, [ON] keys 15/16, and faders 15/16 will be assigned to return channels 1/2. At thi[...]

  • Página 181

    Chapter10—Internal effects — Operation Guide 171 Inserting an effect into a desired channel If you defeat their assignment to A UX 7/8, the A W4416’ s internal effects can be inserted into a desired channel. As an example, here’ s how effect 2 can be inserted into monitor channel 1. ❒ Patching Here’ s how to release effect 2 from its as[...]

  • Página 182

    Chapter10—Internal effects 172 — Operation Guide An effect that has been specified for insertion cannot again be used via A UX send/return until you reassign it to the AUX bus in the EFFECT P A TCH area. If RTN 2 is set to “EFF 2 L/R” in the P atch IN page, performing this step will auto- matically cancel the assignment. ❒ Inserting an e[...]

  • Página 183

    Chapter10—Internal effects — Operation Guide 173 4. T o insert effect 2, move the cursor to the INT .EFF2 button and press the [ENTER] key . In the popup window , SEND will change to “EFF2, ” and RTN. will c hange to “EFF 2L. ” T his indicates that the input of effect 2 has been patched to the insert send of monitor channel 1, and the L[...]

  • Página 184

    Chapter10—Internal effects 174 — Operation Guide ❒ Recalling an effect program Here’ s how y ou can recall the desired program for effect 2 from the effect libr ary . 1. Press the [AUX 8] key → [F2] key . T he A UX8/EFF2 screen Library page will appear in the displa y . 2. Move the cursor to the list at the bottom of the display , and use[...]

  • Página 185

    — Operation Guide 175 11 Song management T his chapter explains song management oper ations such as sa ving, load- ing, deleting, or copying songs. About songs On the A W4416, all the data necessary to reproduce a musical composition you create (i.e., mixer settings, recorder settings, audio data, etc.) is sa ved in the inter - nal hard disk as a[...]

  • Página 186

    Chapter11—Song management 176 — Operation Guide Song structure and size Song structure T he following diagram sho ws the structure of songs sa ved on the hard disk. As you can see from the diagr am, eac h song consists of the following tw o areas. ❍ System area T his area contains data for various settings, the song name, libraries, scenes, a[...]

  • Página 187

    Chapter11—Song management — Operation Guide 177 in record-read y mode. T hen access the TRACK screen Stereo page ([TRA CK] key → [F3] (Stereo) key), and hold down the [SHIFT] key and press the [F1] (REMAIN) key . T he counter will show the REMAIN TIME (remaining time). F or example if you wish to create a 74 minute CD , make sure that the rem[...]

  • Página 188

    Chapter11—Song management 178 — Operation Guide A popup window will appear , asking you to confirm that y ou wish to sa ve the current song. 3. T o execute the Save operation, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . Tip! • If you decide to cancel without sa ving, move the cursor to the C ANCEL button and press the [ENTER[...]

  • Página 189

    Chapter11—Song management — Operation Guide 179 Editing the song name/comment When you create a new song, a default song name “xxxx - NEW SONG -” (xxxxx will be a serial number) will be assigned unless you specify otherwise, and the comment will be “No Description”. Y ou can edit the song name and comment afterward. 1. Press the [SONG] [...]

  • Página 190

    Chapter11—Song management 180 — Operation Guide Deleting/copying a song Here’ s how to delete a song sa ved on the internal hard disk, or copy (duplicate) a song within the hard disk. ❒ Deleting a song 1. Press the [SONG] key → [F3] key . T he SONG screen Song Edit page will appear in the display . T he upper part of the displa y will sho[...]

  • Página 191

    Chapter11—Song management — Operation Guide 181 2. Move the cursor to the list in the upper part of the display , use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the song that you wish to delete, and press the [ENTER] key . An “E” symbol will appear at the left within the list, indicating that the corre- sponding song is selected for deletion. Tip! •[...]

  • Página 192

    Chapter11—Song management 182 — Operation Guide Tip! Y ou may select multiple songs (including the current song) for cop ying. 3. Move the cursor to the COPY button, and press the [ENTER] key . A popup window will ask y ou to confirm the Cop y operation. Tip! • If you decide to cancel the Cop y operation, mo ve the cursor to the C ANCEL butt[...]

  • Página 193

    Chapter11—Song management — Operation Guide 183 An “E” symbol will appear in the left edge of the list, and the corresponding song will be selected optimization. It is not possible to execute Optimize with more than one song selected. If Opti- mize is executed when the “E” symbol is displa yed for more than one song, an error message wi[...]

  • Página 194

    Chapter11—Song management 184 — Operation Guide 3. Move the cursor to the list in the upper part of the display , and use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the import sour ce song from which you wish to import mixer data. 4. Press the [ENTER] key . An “E” symbol will appear at the left edge of the list, and the corresponding song will be sele[...]

  • Página 195

    — Operation Guide 185 12 Sampling pads T his chapter explains the sampling pads of the A W4416. About the sampling pads T he A W4416 has a sampling pad function that allows you to pla y samples by striking pads. By striking the eight pads in the SAMPLING P AD section you can pla y up to sixteen samples held in RAM, and record y our pla ying on a [...]

  • Página 196

    Chapter12—Sampling pads 186 — Operation Guide Assigning the pad outputs to chan- nels In order to use the sampling pads, you must first assign eac h pad output to an input channel 1–24. T he output of a pad that is assigned to a channel can be con- trolled by attenuation, phase, EQ , and dynamics in the same w a y as a conv en- tional input,[...]

  • Página 197

    Chapter12—Sampling pads — Operation Guide 187 Assigning a region to a sampling pad In order to use the pads to pla y samples, y ou must first assign the desired samples to those pads. T here are three wa ys to assign samples to pads. 1 Assign a desired r egion from tr acks 1–16 of the recor der section B Import an audio CD tr ack fr om an in[...]

  • Página 198

    Chapter12—Sampling pads 188 — Operation Guide 2. Move the cursor to the P AD SEL button in the upper left of the display , and press the [ENTER] key . T he cursor will move to the P AD No. area in the lower right of the displa y . P ads to whic h nothing is assigned will be display ed as “-NO ASN-”. 3. Use the [CURSOR] keys and the [DA T A/[...]

  • Página 199

    Chapter12—Sampling pads — Operation Guide 189 8. Move the cursor to the EXECUTE button, and press the [ENTER] key . A popup window will appear , asking you to confirm the assignment to the pad. 9. T o execute the assignment, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . When the assignment is completed, the displa y will indicat[...]

  • Página 200

    Chapter12—Sampling pads 190 — Operation Guide T rimming a sample Y ou can make fine adjustments to the pla ybac k start location and pla ybac k end location of a sample assigned to a pad in order to eliminate unwanted portions at the beginning and end. Use the TRIM IN command to adjust the pla yback start location, and use the TRIM OUT command[...]

  • Página 201

    Chapter12—Sampling pads — Operation Guide 191 Buttons for setting the TRIM IN/TRIM OUT command par ameters will appear . 3. Move the cursor to the P AD button, and press the [ENTER] key . T he cursor will move to the P AD No. area in the lower right. 4. Use the [CURSOR] keys and the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the pad bank and pad number that y[...]

  • Página 202

    Chapter12—Sampling pads 192 — Operation Guide 7. Use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to specify the amount of trimming in sample units. 8. Press the [ENTER] key . 9. Move the cursor to the EXECUTE button, and press the [ENTER] key . A popup window will appear , asking you to confirm the trimming operation. 10. T o execute the trimming operation, move th[...]

  • Página 203

    Chapter12—Sampling pads — Operation Guide 193 Naming a pad Y ou can name each pad to w hich a sample is assigned. 1. In the SAMPLING P AD section, press the [EDIT] pad → [F4] key . T he P AD Edit page will appear . 2. Move the cursor to the NAME menu and press the [ENTER] key . T he display will sho w the P AD button used to select a pad, and[...]

  • Página 204

    Chapter12—Sampling pads 194 — Operation Guide 6. Move the cursor to the NAME button and press the [ENTER] key . T he NAME EDIT popup window will appear , allowing y ou to input the name. Tip! A name of up to eight c haracters can be input. 7. After assigning the desired name, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . Tip! F o[...]

  • Página 205

    Chapter12—Sampling pads — Operation Guide 195 3. Move the cursor to the P AD button and press the [ENTER] key . T he cursor will move to the P AD No. area at the lower right. 4. Use the [CURSOR] keys and the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the bank and pad number of the pad that you wish to erase. 5. Press the [ENTER] key . Press the [ENTER] key . [...]

  • Página 206

    Chapter12—Sampling pads 196 — Operation Guide Recording your per formance on the sampling pads T he A W4416 provides a simple sequencer dedicated to the sampling pads whic h operates in conjunction with the recorder . T his simple sequencer records the tim- ing of the trigger events that occur w hen y ou strike a pad, and can be used to la y er[...]

  • Página 207

    Chapter12—Sampling pads — Operation Guide 197 E P ad trac ks T hese tracks record the timing of the trigger ev ents for eac h pad. T he time from while y ou press the pad until you release it is shown as a bar graph. F COPY/ERASE menu T his menu accesses commands for copying/erasing previously-recorded trigger events. Mo ve the cursor to the de[...]

  • Página 208

    Chapter12—Sampling pads 198 — Operation Guide 5. Use the [CURSOR] keys and the [ENTER] key to change the R column from ● back to O, and play back the recorder to hear the playback of the trigger events. Be aw are that if y ou pla y bac k the recorder when the R column still displa ys ● and strike the pads, your new performance will be recor[...]

  • Página 209

    Chapter12—Sampling pads — Operation Guide 199 ❍ FR. P AD (fr om pad) Specify the copy sour ce pad trac k. ❍ FR. ST ART (fr om start) ❍ FR. END (from end) Specify the beginning (FR. ST AR T) and end (FR. END) of the area that will be cop- ied from the pad trac k specified b y FR. P AD . T he specified area will be selected as a pattern. [...]

  • Página 210

    Chapter12—Sampling pads 200 — Operation Guide ❍ INTERV AL When copying multiple times, this par ameter specifies the interv al between cop y destination patterns. ❍ INSERT Specify whether the pattern will be inserted (Insert) or o verwritten (Ov erWrite) at the copy destination. ❍ EXECUTE T his button executes the Copy operation. Tip! ?[...]

  • Página 211

    Chapter12—Sampling pads — Operation Guide 201 7. T o execute the Copy , move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . Tip! Y ou can undo the result of the cop y b y pressing the [UNDO] key immediately after executing Cop y . Erasing a pad per formance Here’ s how to erase a pad performance that y ou recorded. 1. In the SAMPLING[...]

  • Página 212

    Chapter12—Sampling pads 202 — Operation Guide ❍ ST ART ❍ END Specify the beginning (ST AR T) and end (END) of the area that will be erased from the pad trac k selected b y P AD . ❍ EXECUTE T his button executes the Erase command. Tip! • If you set the counter to measure units, y ou can set the ST ART and END parameters in measure/beat u[...]

  • Página 213

    — Operation Guide 203 13 Scene memor y T his chapter explains the scene memory function and ho w to use it. About scene memor y On the A W4416, settings suc h as the mix parameters of eac h channel, external input/output patc hing, and effect 1/2 par ameters can be assigned a name and stored in internal memory as a “scene. ” T he memory area [...]

  • Página 214

    Chapter13—Scene memory 204 — Operation Guide T he currently recalled scene number is display ed at the upper right of the lev el meter/counter . When a key of the MIXER section, F ADER MODE section, A UT O- MA TION section, or UNIT section (except for the [FILE] key) is pressed, the upper right of the displa y will show the number and name of t[...]

  • Página 215

    Chapter13—Scene memory — Operation Guide 205 2. Use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the store destination scene number (01–96). • Scene number 00 is for recall only , and cannot be stored. • Be aw are that if y ou select a previously-stored scene number and execute the Store operation, the previous scene will be lost. 3. Use the CURSOR [ [...]

  • Página 216

    Chapter13—Scene memory 206 — Operation Guide Recalling a scene Here’ s how to recall the scene data stored in a scene memory . 1. Press the [SCENE] key → [F1] key . T he Scene Mem page of the SCENE screen will appear . 2. Use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the scene that you wish to recall. 3. Use the CURSOR [ ]/[ ]/[ ]/[ ] keys to move th[...]

  • Página 217

    Chapter13—Scene memory — Operation Guide 207 Editing the name of a scene Here’ s how y ou can edit just the name of a stored scene. 1. Press the [SCENE] key → [F1] key . T he Scene Mem page of the SCENE screen will appear . 2. Use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the scene whose scene name you wish to edit. It is not possible to select a sce[...]

  • Página 218

    Chapter13—Scene memory 208 — Operation Guide Protecting a scene Y ou can memory-protect each indi vidual scene that has been stored. A scene number for whic h protect is turned on can only be recalled. 1. Press the [SCENE] key → [F1] key . T he Scene Mem page of the SCENE screen will appear . 2. Use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the scene n[...]

  • Página 219

    Chapter13—Scene memory — Operation Guide 209 By using the PRO TECTION ON/OFF GLOBAL buttons in the Scene Mem page, you can turn protect on/off for entire groups of scene memories. ❍ SCENE 01–50 ON/OFF buttons T urn protect on/off for scene numbers 01–50. ❍ SCENE 51–96 ON/OFF buttons T urn protect on/off for scene numbers 51–96. Chan[...]

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    Chapter13—Scene memory 210 — Operation Guide 3. Press the CURSOR [ ] key to move the cursor to the list at right (DESTI- NA TION), and use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the move destination. In this example, we will select a location between scene numbers 01 and 02. 4. T o move the scene, press the CURSOR [ ] key to move the cursor to the EXE[...]

  • Página 221

    Chapter13—Scene memory — Operation Guide 211 Using keys to store/recall a scene Y ou can also store/recall a scene by using the keys of the SCENE MEMOR Y sec- tion. By using this method, you can perform these oper ations even w hen you are in a screen other than the Scene Mem page of the SCENE screen. F or example, this method is conv enient wh[...]

  • Página 222

    Chapter13—Scene memory 212 — Operation Guide Recalling a scene 1. Use the [ ]/[ ] keys to select the scene number that you wish to recall. T he scene number is display ed in the upper right of the lev el meter/counter . 2. Press the [RECALL] key . A popup window will appear in the displa y , asking you to confirm the recall. 3. T o execute the[...]

  • Página 223

    — Operation Guide 213 14 Automix T his chapter explains ho w to record and pla y bac k automix, and how to edit a recorded automix. What is automix? T he A W4416 provides an “automix function” that allows controller oper ations and parameter c hanges to be recorded in realtime along with the song. Scene recall operations or mo vements of the [...]

  • Página 224

    Chapter14—Automix 214 — Operation Guide Creating a new automix In order to record an automix, you must first create a new automix. When you create a new automix, the contents of the current automix will be erased. If y ou wish to sa ve the contents of the current automix, refer to page 228 “Storing an automix. ” 1. While playing back the b[...]

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    Chapter14—Automix — Operation Guide 215 5. Press the [F4] key . T he Event List page will appear , w here y ou can edit the events recorded in the current automix. Notice that data for the scene number you sa ved in step 1 is entered at the “00:00:00.000” location in the TIME column. T his event recalls a scene at abso- lute time location ?[...]

  • Página 226

    Chapter14—Automix 216 — Operation Guide Recording the first section Here we will explain the procedure for recording fader operations of the monitor channels. 1. Press the [HOME] key of the F ADER MODE section, and the [MONI] key of the MIXING LA YER section. F aders 1–16 will function as the channel faders for monitor c hannels 1–16. 2. L[...]

  • Página 227

    Chapter14—Automix — Operation Guide 217 Scene and library recall operations can be recorded at an y time, regardless of these settings. 6. Move the cursor to the REC button in the screen, and press the [ENTER] key . T he REC button will blink, indicating that the A W4416 is ready to record auto- mix. 7. Use the [SEL] keys to select the channels[...]

  • Página 228

    Chapter14—Automix 218 — Operation Guide 11. If you wish to update the automix with the newly recorded content, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . T he automix will be updated. If you mov e the cursor to the C ANCEL button and press the [ENTER] key , the recorded content will be discarded, and the automix will return to[...]

  • Página 229

    Chapter14—Automix — Operation Guide 219 T he on-screen PLA Y button will turn on (the ST OP button will turn off), and auto- mix will begin pla ying automatically . Note If you begin pla yback from the middle of the song, automix will also begin pla ying from the same location. At this time if any automix ev ents exist before the playbac k star[...]

  • Página 230

    Chapter14—Automix 220 — Operation Guide 4. Make sure that the button in the AUTOMIX field is displayed as “ENABLE.” 5. Move the cursor to the OVERWRITE field. T urn the P AN button and EQ button on, and the remaining buttons (F ADER, CH ON) off. 6. Move the cursor to the on-screen REC button, and press the [ENTER] key . 7. Press [SEL] key[...]

  • Página 231

    Chapter14—Automix — Operation Guide 221 Automix punch-in/out If you make a mistake w hile recording the automix, you can re-record just the location of your error (punc h-in/out). As an example here, we will explain ho w to punch-in/out to re-record the pan oper ations of monitor c hannel 1 that you alread y recorded. When punching-in/out on on[...]

  • Página 232

    Chapter14—Automix 222 — Operation Guide 6. Press the top panel [PLA Y] key to play back the song. When song pla ybac k is started with the AUT O REC button on, the REC button will be turned on automatically , and automix will be in record mode. However , recording will not actually occur since the recording channel has not y et been selected. 7[...]

  • Página 233

    Chapter14—Automix — Operation Guide 223 Editing the fader movements F ader operation events recorded in the automix can be precisely edited in real- time while w atching the fader movements in a special screen. As an example here, we will explain how to edit the previously-recorded fader mo vements of monitor channel 1. 1. Press the [HOME] key [...]

  • Página 234

    Chapter14—Automix 224 — Operation Guide 6. Make sure that the ABSOLUTE button in the F ADER EDIT MODE field is turned on. T he two buttons of the F ADER EDIT MODE field in the screen are used to select the fader editing method. When the ABSOLUTE button is on, previously- recorded events will be er ased, and new events will be recorded. Note U[...]

  • Página 235

    Chapter14—Automix — Operation Guide 225 11. When you are finished with punch-in/out, press the top panel [STOP] key . A message will ask you w hether you wish to update the automix with the newly recorded content. If you wish to update the automix, mo ve the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . Editing automix off-line While the[...]

  • Página 236

    Chapter14—Automix 226 — Operation Guide 2. Move the cursor to the SCENE/LIB button, and press the [ENTER] key . T he scene/library recall events recorded in the automix will be displa yed in the list. T he event enclosed b y the dashed line in the center of the list is the event cur - rently selected for editing. 3. Move the cursor to the at th[...]

  • Página 237

    Chapter14—Automix — Operation Guide 227 When you c hange the timing of an event, the cursor ma y jump one or more rows of the list to another location. T his is because events are sorted in order of time, and is not a malfunction. T he timing of events can be adjusted in fine steps of 25 msec. Note If the SELECTED CH ONL Y button in the upper [...]

  • Página 238

    Chapter14—Automix 228 — Operation Guide Storing an automix When you ha ve completed the current automix, you should assign a name and store it in automix memory . Sixteen automixes can be stored in internal memory . Note Automix data that y ou store is sav ed on the hard disk as part of the current song. T his means that you can create up to si[...]

  • Página 239

    Chapter14—Automix — Operation Guide 229 Tip! If you turn ST ORE CONFIRMA TION “OFF” in the Prefer .1 page of the UTILITY screen ([UTILITY] key → [F2] key), the automix will be stored in the specifi ed auto- mix number without this screen appearing. T his method is convenient w hen you wish to repeatedly o verwrite an automix into the sam[...]

  • Página 240

    Chapter14—Automix 230 — Operation Guide Recalling an automix Here’ s how to recall an automix that w as sa ved in memory . 1. Press the [AUTOMIX] key → [F2] key . 2. Move the cursor to the list in the center of the screen, and rotate the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the automix number that you wish to recall. 3. Move the cursor to the RECALL[...]

  • Página 241

    — Operation Guide 231 15 MIDI T his chapter explains ho w you can use MIDI w hen operating the A W4416. What you can do using MIDI On the A W4416, MIDI can be used to perform the following oper ations. ❍ Change scenes b y remote contr ol By transmitting progr am changes from an external device to the A W4416, you can switc h A W4416 scenes b y [...]

  • Página 242

    Chapter15—MIDI 232 — Operation Guide MIDI connectors and the TO HOST connector T he A W4416 provides the following connectors used to con vey MIDI messages. ❍ MIDI IN connector MIDI messages such as progr am c hange, MMC, and MTC are receiv ed at this connector . ❍ MIDI OUT/THRU connector By changing the setting of an internal par ameter , [...]

  • Página 243

    Chapter15—MIDI — Operation Guide 233 Using the TO HOST connector for direct connection to your computer Connections T o exchange MIDI messages directly between the A W4416 and your computer , use a separately sold cable to connect the T O HOST connector of the A W4416 to the serial port of your computer. ❍ IBM/PC series: D-SUB9P → mini DIN8[...]

  • Página 244

    Chapter15—MIDI 234 — Operation Guide ❍ Apple Macintosh series: 8-pin system peripher al cable In the case of some Macintosh computers that ha ve no modem/printer cable, it is not possible to make direct connections to the A W4416’ s T O HOST connector . Setting the PORT SELECT parameter In order to use the T O HOST connector , the A W4416?[...]

  • Página 245

    Chapter15—MIDI — Operation Guide 235 Switching A W4416 scenes from an external device By transmitting progr am changes from an external device to the A W4416, you can recall A W4416 scene memories by remote control. 1. Connect the MIDI OUT connector of the external device to the MIDI IN connector of the A W4416. 2. Press the [MIDI] key , and th[...]

  • Página 246

    Chapter15—MIDI 236 — Operation Guide 5. Press the [F3] key . T he PGM Asgn. page will appear , allo wing you to assign A W4416 scene numbers to each progr am number 1–128. T he “PGM CHG. ” column is the program change number , and the “SCENE MEM.No./TITLE” column is the scene number and title. Tip! If you mo ve the cursor to the INITI[...]

  • Página 247

    Chapter15—MIDI — Operation Guide 237 If you select “–NO ASSIGN–, ” no scene number will be assigned to that program change number . If you select a scene number w hic h has not been stored in the A W4416’ s internal memory , the title area will indicate “[ No Data! ]. ” If the same scene number is assigned to multiple program c ha[...]

  • Página 248

    Chapter15—MIDI 238 — Operation Guide Using MTC to synchronize the A W4416 and a MIDI sequencer MTC can be transmitted from the MTC OUT connector of the A W4416 to an external device such as a MIDI sequencer or computer , causing the MIDI sequencer (or computer -based sequencer program) to sync hronize to the A W4416 song. 1. Use a MIDI cable to[...]

  • Página 249

    Chapter15—MIDI — Operation Guide 239 T he following screen will appear in the displa y . 6. Move the cursor to the TIME CODE area, and turn on one of the 24/25/ 30/30D (drop) buttons to select the frame rate. By default, a frame r ate of 30 is selected. T he frame r ate you select here will also affect the time code that is displa y ed in the c[...]

  • Página 250

    Chapter15—MIDI 240 — Operation Guide Using MIDI Clock to synchronize the A W4416 and a MIDI sequencer Here we will explain how MIDI Cloc k (and Song P osition P ointer) messages can be transmitted from the A W4416 instead of MTC, and used to synchronize an external MIDI sequencer . Use this method if the MIDI sequencer or rh ythm machine y ou w[...]

  • Página 251

    Chapter15—MIDI — Operation Guide 241 4. Press the [F2] key . T he MIDI Sync page will appear in the display . 5. Move the cursor to the MIDI CLOCK button in the SYNC OUT area, and press the [ENTER] key . Also make sure that the MASTER button in the MTC SYNC area is on. With these settings, MIDI Cloc k messages will be transmitted from the MIDI [...]

  • Página 252

    Chapter15—MIDI 242 — Operation Guide 8. Move the cursor to the METER area of the beat map, and use the [DA T A/ JOG] dial to specify the time signature for measure 1. T he time signature can be specified in a range of 1/2–8/8. 9. If you wish to change time signatures in the middle of the song, switch the EDIT SELECT buttons at the bottom of [...]

  • Página 253

    Chapter15—MIDI — Operation Guide 243 Using MMC to control the A W4416 MMC (MIDI Machine Control) is a group of MIDI messages used to control the transport of an audio recorder etc. from an external MIDI device. T he A W4416 supports MMC transmission and reception. T his means that an external MIDI device can control A W4416 transport oper ation[...]

  • Página 254

    Chapter15—MIDI 244 — Operation Guide 4. Move the cursor to the SLA VE button in the MMC area, and press the [ENTER] key . With this setting the A W4416 will function as an MMC slav e device. 5. Move the cursor to the MMC DEV . knob, and use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to set the MMC device ID. T he device ID is a number in the range of 1–127 that i[...]

  • Página 255

    — Operation Guide 245 16 Backing up and restoring songs T his chapter explains ho w part or all of the song data on the internal hard disk can be backed up to a SCSI device (suc h as a CD-RW driv e or MO driv e), and how bac ked-up data can be restored to the internal hard disk. T his chapter also explains ho w to re-format the internal hard disk[...]

  • Página 256

    Chapter16—Backing up and restoring songs 246 — Operation Guide ❍ TYPE1 T his is the usual backup format, in w hich part or all of the songs are bac ked up using the full capacity of the remov able media. T his format has the adv antage that even if the size of the song(s) being bac ked up exceeds the capacity of one v ol- ume of media, the ba[...]

  • Página 257

    Chapter16—Backing up and restoring songs — Operation Guide 247 2. Move the cursor to the DESTINA TION area in the lower right of the dis- play , and use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the ID number of the backup destination SCSI device (e.g., internal CD-RW drive or external hard disk or MO drive). It is also possible to backup on CD-R media u[...]

  • Página 258

    Chapter16—Backing up and restoring songs 248 — Operation Guide 6. T o execute the backup, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . If “TYPE2” was selected as the bac kup format, the backup will begin immedi- ately . If “TYPE1” was selected as the bac kup format, the media will be formatted auto- matically (in the cas[...]

  • Página 259

    Chapter16—Backing up and restoring songs — Operation Guide 249 4. Move the cursor to the FILE RESTORE area in the upper part of the dis- play , and use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the song(s) that you wish to restore, then press the [ENTER] key . T he button in the REST ORE SONG area will change from DISABLE to EN ABLE, indicating that the [...]

  • Página 260

    Chapter16—Backing up and restoring songs 250 — Operation Guide 6. T o execute the restore operation, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . T o cancel the restore operation, mo ve the cursor to the C ANCEL button and press the [ENTER] key . • Even w hen you restore from a SCSI device to the internal hard disk, the songs [...]

  • Página 261

    Chapter16—Backing up and restoring songs — Operation Guide 251 2. Rotate the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the drive that you wish to format, and press the [ENTER] key . T o format the internal hard disk, select “INT .IDE. ” T o format an external SCSI device, select the SCSI ID of that device. T he rest of the procedure will differ depending[...]

  • Página 262

    Chapter16—Backing up and restoring songs 252 — Operation Guide 4. Move the cursor to either the QUICK or the NORMAL button, and press the [ENTER] key . T he formatting method will depend on the button you select. ❍ QUICK (quic k format) Use this when y ou wish to quickly erase data from a previously-formatted hard disk. ❍ NORMAL (normal for[...]

  • Página 263

    Chapter16—Backing up and restoring songs — Operation Guide 253 ❒ Formatting removable media such as an MO drive A FORMA T windo w will appear , allowing you to select the type of file system and the formatting method. 3. Move the cursor to the TYPE area, and rotate the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select one of the following two types of file syste[...]

  • Página 264

    Chapter16—Backing up and restoring songs 254 — Operation Guide Erasing CD-RW media Here’ s how to erase CD-R W media inserted in the CD-RW driv e. 1. Press the [FILE] key → [F3] key . T he FILE screen Disk Util. page will appear in the display . 2. Use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the SCSI ID number of the CD-RW drive, and press the [ENT[...]

  • Página 265

    — Operation Guide 255 17 Mastering T his chapter explains the “mastering function” w hic h allows y ou to use the internal CD-RW dri ve (option) of the A W4416 to create an audio CD . About mastering By installing a CD-RW dri ve in the A W4416 (or connecting an external CD-RW driv e to the SCSI connector), y ou can write the audio data of the[...]

  • Página 266

    Chapter17—Mastering 256 — Operation Guide CD-R and CD-RW CD-RW dri ves support two types of media: “CD-R” and “CD-RW . ” T hese two types of media differ in the following w a ys. ❍ CD-R CD-R media can only be recorded or added to. Previously-recorded data cannot be erased and rewritten. CD-R media to whic h audio data has been written[...]

  • Página 267

    Chapter17—Mastering — Operation Guide 257 T rack At Once and Disc At Once Data can be written to CD-R/RW media in one of the follo wing two w ays. ❍ T r ack At Once In this method, data is written in units of trac ks (indi vidual regions of audio data). T his method can be used only for CD-R media. When the T rack At Once method is used to wr[...]

  • Página 268

    Chapter17—Mastering 258 — Operation Guide Preparations for mastering Here we will explain the preparations that y ou will need to make before writing audio data to CD-R/CD-RW media. ❒ Mastering mode settings T he A W4416 has a “writing test” function that chec ks before mastering to see whether errors will occur during data tr ansmission.[...]

  • Página 269

    Chapter17—Mastering — Operation Guide 259 W riting the master Here’ s how to use the mastering function to write the stereo trac k data to CD-R/ RW media. 1. Press the [MASTERING] key . T he MASTERING screen will appear in the display . 2. Hold down the [SHIFT] key and press the [F2] key (CD UNLOAD). T he tra y of the CD-R W driv e will open.[...]

  • Página 270

    Chapter17—Mastering 260 — Operation Guide 5. Move the cursor to the TRACK A T ONCE button if you wish to master using T rack At Once, or to the DISC A T ONCE button if you wish to mas- ter using Disc At Once. Then press the [ENTER] key . If you are using CD-R W media, only DISC A T ONCE can be used. T he following screen is an example of when y[...]

  • Página 271

    Chapter17—Mastering — Operation Guide 261 7. Move the cursor to the stereo track data area of the list, and use the [DA T A/JOG] dial to select the stereo track that you wish to write to track 1 of the CD. Stereo trac ks from 48 kHz songs cannot be selected in this list. Also in some cases, it ma y not be possible to select stereo trac ks from [...]

  • Página 272

    Chapter17—Mastering 262 — Operation Guide 10. As necessar y , use the WRITE SPEED buttons located in the lower left of the display to select the writing speed. T he x1/x2/x4/x6 buttons correspond to single-speed/double-speed/quad-speed/ 6x speed writing. Normally you should select the fastest speed that y our CD-RW driv e supports. 11. When you[...]

  • Página 273

    Chapter17—Mastering — Operation Guide 263 Finalizing As long as you ha ve not executed the Finalize oper ation, other stereo trac k data can be added to CD-R media that was recorded using T rac k At Once. Ho wever , media that has not yet been finalized cannot be pla yed bac k by a CD-R W drive or a conv entional CD pla y er . In order to use [...]

  • Página 274

    Chapter17—Mastering 264 — Operation Guide 4. Move the cursor to the FINALIZE button and press the [ENTER] key . A popup window will appear , asking you to confirm the F inalize command. 5. T o execute the Finalize command, move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key . T o cancel without executing, mov e the cursor to the C ANCEL[...]

  • Página 275

    Chapter17—Mastering — Operation Guide 265 5. Move the cursor to the CD PLA Y MODE button, and press the [ENTER] key . T he CD PLA Y MODE button will change from OFF to ON, and tr ac k information for the CD-R/RW media in the dri ve will be display ed. 1 Currently selected trac k number (TRA CK column) and elapsed time (TIME column). B T r ack n[...]

  • Página 276

    Chapter17—Mastering 266 — Operation Guide[...]

  • Página 277

    — Operation Guide 267 Index A A/B point 118 Deleting 126 A-B repeat 118 Active terminator 11 Additional function 59 ADP25H 2 Analog input/output section 31 Audio tracks 147 Auto Punch In point 130 Auto Punch Out Point 130 Auto punch-in/out 130 Recording 132 Rehearsing 131 AUTOMATION section 41 Automix 213 Creating a new automix 214 Editing off-li[...]

  • Página 278

    Index 268 — Operation Guide Level meters 54 Level meters/counter 40 Locate point Adjusting the location 123 Deleting 125 , 126 Locate section 43 Locating 114 M M button 52 Macintosh series 233 Make monitor settings 83 , 90 Manual punch-in/out 128 recording 129 Marker 121 Deleting 126 Mastering 255 Stereo tracks that can be mastered 255 Mastering [...]

  • Página 279

    Index — Operation Guide 269 T Tab 53 Terminator 11 Text input box 61 Text palette 61 TO HOST connector 232 Top panel 31 Track 152 Editing 152 editing 156 Editing command 161 mix balance 95 Pairing 151 record-ready mode 82 , 89 stereo track 102 track structure 147 Track At Once 257 TRACK menu 161 Transport key 109 Transport section 44 Trimming a s[...]

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    YAMAHA CORPORATION V618350 R1 1 IP 284 Pro Audio & Digital Musical Instrument Division P.O. Box 3, Hamamatsu, 430-8651, Japan 00 09 7000 AP Printed in Japan[...]