Star Micronics SR-10/I5 manuale d’uso

,,, : I SR-IO/I5 USER’S MANUAL NOT INTENDED FOR SALE[...]

Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement The equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause in- terference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with th[...]

i h.. I L. / / ‘ . / ., A Special Message to the New Owner You’re to be congratulated on selecting the printer of choice for both the sophisticated as well as the first-time user/owner - the new SR-lo/Is! Right now, before you even start readying your SR-lo/15 for action, we’d like to impress you with these two thoughts: 1. In as few words as[...]

We think you’ll also find this manual easy and pleasant to use. We’ve gone to great lengths to make it so. As a first example, look over the table of contents and you’ll see what we mean. Whether greenhorn or wizard, everybody will find what they need to know to fulfill their expectations. We suggest that each new user/owner, before you even [...]

Table of Contents Chapter 1 Setting Up SR-lo/15 Where Shall We Put It? What Have We Here? Removing the printer covers Removing packing and shipping screws Installing the platen knob Installing the ribbon cartridge Connecting SR-lo/15 to Your Computer 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Getting to Know Your SR-lo/15 Components and Controls Paper Selecti[...]

Superscripts and subscripts Changing the Print Pitch Expanded print Chapter 6 Making SR-lo/15 Print Darker Mixing Modes Summary Line Spacing and Forms Control 47 - Starting New Lines Reverse line feeds Changing Line Spacing Moving down the page without a carriage return Forms Controls Form feed - - Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Reverse form feed Changing the[...]

Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Printing Download Characters Erasing Download Character Definitions Defining Proportional Characters Connecting characters Summary Printing With Dot Graphics 103 Comparing Dot Grapphics With Download Characters Using the Dot Graphics Commands Specifying the numb[...]

Appendix G Technical Specifications Appendix H The Parallel Interface Functions of the Connector Signals Appendix I Serial Interface Specifications Configuring the Serial Interface SR-10/15’s Serial Protocols Serial busy protocols XON/XOFF protocol ACK protocol Appendix J Connecting With Computer Connecting with IBM-PC and Compaq BASIC programmin[...]

Table of Tables Table 2-1 Left margin on the single sheet guide Table 5-l Near letter quality commands Table 5-2 Italic commands Table 5-3 Underline commands Table 5-4 Superscript and subscript commands Table 5-5 Print pitch commands Table 5-6 Expanded print commands Table 5-7 Print emphasis commands Table 5-8 Master select and the 256 ASCII codes [...]

[...]

CHAPTER 1 L.. L” ; c., I-. . . SETTING UP SR- 1 O/ 15 In this chapter, we’ll show you how to unpack your new SR-lo/15 printer, set it up in the right location, and get it ready for you to load it with paper and start printing. But first . . . WHERE SHALL WE PUT IT? Before you do anything else, give some thought to where you’ll be using your p[...]

Figure l-l. Inside the carton you should have received: 1) SR-lo/15 - printer, 2) cut sheet guide, 3) continuous paper guide, 4) power cord, 5) platen knob, 6) spare fuse, 7) ribbon cartridge, and 8) this user’s manual. - Let’s move on the next step . . . - d m Removing the printer covers What are covers for, really? Primarily, for two reasons:[...]

with the printer frame, then with a slight rocking motion, lift it straight up and off the machine. To replace, just reverse the procedure. Figure l-2 illustrates the proper position and movement for both removal and replacement of the covers. R/ear cover Figure l-2. Remove the printer covers by tilting them up to about 45”, then lifting straight[...]

- Figure l-3. SR-10 has three screws which secure the chassis during shipping; SR-15 has four. They should be removed before use. n Installing the platen knob This is the knob that turns the rubber platen cylinder. It fits into the hole on the right side of the printer case. Just match the odd-shaped hole in the knob with the same shape on the shaf[...]

Figure 14. Remove the spiral tube on the carriage stay that protects SR-10/15’s print head. the knob a few turns to see that it’s turning the platen easily and smoothly. n Installing the ribbon cartridge The ribbon cartridge greatly simplifies installing the ink ribbon. For easy installation, though, it’s wise to follow the sequence and diagr[...]

Guide pin Guide pin Figure l-5. A guide pin on each side of the ribbon cartridge helps to align the cartridge during installation. Figure l-6. Tilt the ribbon cartridge in until the guide pins meet the hooks in the printer frame, then lower the front edge until the holder springs hold it-in place. - - _--- __-- 6[...]

5. Now thread the ribbon carefully between the print head and the ribbon guide next to the platen. (Take a good look at Figure l-7.) You might want to use a ball point pen to lightly press the ribbon guide against the platen (runbber roller) while you insert the ribbon into the thin space between the print head and ribbon guide. Zmporiant: Center t[...]

CONNECTING SR-lo/15 TO YOUR COMPUTER To complete the installation, you’ll need to connect SR-lo/15 to your computer. Figure l-8 shows where the cable connects, but there’s more that you need to know. Find the appendix and follow the guidelines for making connections (“interfacing”) and for setting the DIP switches. If you cannot connect to [...]

I .^ .- li. L. L.., Lr CHAPTER 2 GETTING TO KNOW YOUR SR-lo/15 The more you learn about SR-lo/15 and its sophisticated features, old and new, the better SR-lo/15 is going to perform for you. Remember, it’s not just what you know - it’s what you know how to use! So, let’s start getting acquainted! Subjects we’ll cover in this chapter include[...]

Ground terminal Power cord connector - - - Figure 2-1. Front and rear views of SR-IO. Like a typewriter, the print head prints through an ink ribbon. TRACTOR - This built-in unit sits in the rear of your printer, under the rear cover. Its sprocket wheels carry the sprocket-feed paper on its pathway through the printer. PLATEN - This is the rubber c[...]

.Bail lever Control ,Ll W Power cord conndr ‘ Figure 2-2. Front and rear views of SR-15. INTERFACE CONNECTOR - Around on the back, this is the place where you connect your computer to SR-10/15, so that they are able to communicate with each other. Now let’s take a tour around the controls, starting with the control panel board, located at the [...]

Figure 2-3. SR-10/15’s controls. POWER LAMP - Glows green when the power is on. READY LAMP - Glows green when the printer is ready to accept data. This light flickers during transmission. Don’t worry about the flicker; it’s normal! ON LINE LAMP - Glows green when the communication lines to your computer are open. PAPER-OUT LAMP - Glows red wh[...]

data from the computer. When it’s off line, the printer sends a signal to the computer indicating that it cannot accept data. When you turn the power switch on, you are automatically on line. 13 There are other kinds of controls, not connected to the control panel board. Some of the more important ones are: POWER SWITCH - Towards the back on the [...]

PAPER SELECTION AND LOADING Now we’ll look at paper. Your SR-lo/15 can handle single sheets - standard-size stationery, multi-part carbonless business forms, or almost any other kind of cut sheet. You can also print on “computer paper” with the holes along the sides, which is also called sprocket, punched, or perforated fan-fold. The loading [...]

Figure 2-4. Use the single sheet guide for loading cut paper. Table 2-1 Left margin on the single sheet guide Position of Distance from Left-Hand Edge of Paper Guide For SR-10 For SR-15 Left Approx. .6 inch Approx. .8 inch Middle Approx. .3 inch Approx. .5 inch Right Approx. .l inch Approx. .3 inch a Loading sprocket-feed paper Continuous paper fee[...]

Figure 2-5. The metal guide is used to align the left margin. -- - - Here’s the proper sequence for loading: 1. Turn off the power and remove the rear cover. (After -, you’ve practiced a few times, you’ll find it easy to load paper by just opening the cover.) - 2. Attach the wire paper guide to the rear of the upper case, as shown in Figure 2[...]

Figure 2-6. The wire paper guide keeps continuous paper away from the cables. Figure 2-7. The tractors, which guide the paper, are underneath the rear cover. 17[...]

Figure 2-8. With the tractors in place, you’re ready to close the covers and advance the paper. 7. Bring the paper up from the back, over the wire guide, and into the back of the printer. When the holes in the paper fit snugly over the nubby teeth in both sprockets, close the tractor covers and snap the clamp levers back into their locked positio[...]

ADJUSTING THE GAP The gap is the space between the print head and the platen. Adjusting the gap is simply adjusting the printer to accommodate different thicknesses of paper. To make this adjustment, move the adjustment lever which is under the front cover, immediately in front of the release lever shown in Figure 2-9. Pulling the adjustment lever [...]

SELF-TEST The “self-test” is a trial run of your beautiful new machine. SR-lo/15 carries a built-in program that prints out sample lines of letters, numbers, and other characters - to show you that everything’s in good working order. It also serves as a display of the characters available in the SR-10/15. And finally, it’s a “warm-up” t[...]

SOME TIPS FOR SMOOTHER OPERATION Here are some ideas that might save time and trouble with SR-10/15. l When setting the left-hand margin on sprocket paper, you’ll find the bail bar is marked with pica size unit measurements, so it’s a handy reference. (There are 10 pica characters to the inch, so the markings 10, 20, 30 and so on also correspon[...]

[...]

.., i. -_ _. _. L . L-. LI CHAPTER 3 GETTING STARTED WITH SR-lo/l5 In this chapter you’ll learn about: l Using SR-lo/15 with commercial software l ASCII codes You have assembled and tested your printer, and seen a quick sample of SR- lo/15 ‘s capabilities in the self-test. Now it’s time to do what you bought SR-lo/15 to do: print information [...]

24 Some programs don’t ask you what kind of printer you have, but instead they ask some questions about what your printer can do. Here are the answers to the “most asked” questions. SR-lO/ 15 can do a “backspace”. SR-lo/15 can do a “hardware form feed”. With these questions answered, you are ready to start printing. Read the manual th[...]

when we press the “A” key on our keyboard we want to print the letter “A”. The computer takes care of all the rest. But there are a number of ASCII codes that don’t have keys on the keyboard. The most important of these codes are the codes that have ASCII values below 32. These codes control many of SR- 10/l 5’s functions. Even though t[...]

By translating the codes from the system that we use, to the system that your commercial software uses, you should be able to use many of SR-10/15’s advanced features. It may help, however if we look at a couple of examples. n The escape code - There’s one particular ASCII code that we are going to be using more than all the rest. This is ASCII[...]

CHAPTER 4 CONTROLLING SR-lo/15 WITH BASIC Throughout the rest of this book we will be teaching you how to use SR-lo/15 ‘s features using the BASIC programming lan- guage in our examples. It is easy to communicate with SR-lo/15 from BASIC and, though it has its detractors, BASIC is the nearest thing to a universal language among users of personal [...]

ways, and hope that between this and your computer’s BASIC manual you will be able to stay with us. First on our list is Microsoft BASIC’s way of communicating with the printer. They just add an “L” to the beginning of the LIST and PRINT commands, making them LLIST and LPRINT. This method is used by more computers than any other and so we w[...]

L. : i. L-.. L. L, ‘- L. hr. h. L. ‘- L L L LLIST it (or however your computer does it). We’ve crossed the first major hurdle-learning how to list programs on SR-10/15. Now we are ready to jump into the world of programming with SR- 10/l 5. But first, there are a few fundamentals that we need to cover. n Establishing communications We’ve le[...]

r ; ‘_ w Control codes SR-lo/15 uses many of the non-printing ASCII codes for control codes. These codes perform a function rather than printing a character. Let’s try an easy one right now: NEW 10 LPRINT CHR$(7) RUN Where did that noise come from? That’s SR-10/15’s bell. We will learn more about it in Chapter 8. We just wanted to illustrat[...]

Some of you fast students may have noticed that CHR$(69) is the same as “E”. That’s right, the program will work just as well if line 10 is changed like this: 10 LPRINT CHR$(27) "E"; That’s just another form of the same ASCII code, and it’s all the same to SR-10/15. Here’s another shortcut for BASIC programmers: since < ESC[...]

This is the command to turn on expanded print < ESC > , as we mentioned earlier, is the way we will indicate the escape code, which is ASCII code 27. A letter or number enclosed in quote marks (such as the “W” above) means that character should be sent to the printer (without the quote marks). In our example, you should send a capital W f[...]

6.. L in STAR mode. There are some cases where you would use IBM mode with your computer, if you wish. Chapters 5 through 10 discuss the control codes you send to SR-lo/15 to control printing style, horizontal and vertical for- matting, graphics, and other features. You’ll find that many features have different codes for IBM mode and STAR mode. T[...]

- - - - -[...]

CHAPTER 5 PRINTING TEXT WITH SR-lo/15 Beginning with this chapter we will be exploring all the features of SR-10/15. In this chapter we’ll cover: l Near letter quality characters l Italics l Underlining l Superscript and subscripts l Print pitch l Print emphasis All our examples will be given in Microsoft BASIC as used by the IBM Personal Compute[...]

18 'Demo near letter quality character set. 24) LPRINT CHR$(27) "B" CHR$(4) ; 'Select NLQ. 30 LPRINT "This line shows NEAR LETTER QUALITY!" 40 LPRINT CHRS(27) "B" CHR$(5) ; 'Select draft. 50 LPRINT "This line shows standard Drint." In this program, line 20 selects NLQ characters with the < E[...]

,l@ ‘Demo italic and roman. 20 LPRINT CHR$(27) “4” ; ‘Italic on. 30 LPRINT "This line is in ITALIC characters." 40 LPRINT CHR$(27) "5" ; 'Italic off. 5@ LPRINT "This line is in ROMAN (normal) characters." Here is what you should get: I. c : . . This program is easy; line 20 turns italic on with < ESC &g[...]

ued.Therefore, BASIC didn’t send a carriage return and line feed at the end of those lines. We just did this to illustrate that all these control codes can be used in the middle of a line. It’s easy to underline or italicize only part of a line. n Superscripts and subscripts SR-lo/15 can print in two different heights of characters. The smaller[...]

“S” CHR$( l), and finally off in line 90. Again, everything prints on one line because of the semicolons. CHANGING THE PRINT PITCH In “printer talk,” character width is called pitch. Normally, SR-lo/15 prints 10 characters per inch. This is called pica pitch because it’s the same spacing as a standard pica typewriter. SR- 10/l 5 can also [...]

30 LPRINT "This line is CONDENSED pitch." 4Q) LPRINT CHR$(27) "B" CHR$(2) ; 'Select elite pitch. 50 LPRINT "This line is ELITE pitch." 60 LPRINT CHR$(27) "p" CHR$(l) ; 'Select proportional. 70 LPRINT "This line is PROPORTIONAL spacing." - 80 LPRINT CHR$(27) "p" CHR$(@) ; 'Ca[...]

Expanded print set with CHR$(14) is automatically canceled at the end of the line. This is convenient in many applications, such as for one line titles. Note that you don’t need to put an < ESC > in front of the CHR$( 14), although < ESC > CHR$( 14) works just the same. You can also cancel one line expanded print before a carriage ret[...]

By combining expanded print with the four pitches, SR-lo/15 has eight different character widths available. Enter this program to see how the print pitches and expanded print can be combined: 10 'Demo pitches in combination with expanded mode. 20 LPRINT CHR$(27) "W" CHR$(l) ; 'Permanent expanded mode on. 3@ LPRINT CHR$(27) "[...]

MAKING SR-lo/15 PRINT DARKER SR-lo/15 has very good print density when it’s just printing regularly. But sometimes you may want something to stand out from the rest of the page. SR-lo/15 provides two ways to do this: double-strike and emphasized print. Both of these go over the characters twice, but they use slightly different methods to darken t[...]

Line 20 turns on double-strike with < ESC > “G” and line 30 prints a line of text. In line 40 emphasized is turned on with < ESC > “E”. Line 50 prints a line of text in double-strike and emphasized. Line 60 then turns double-strike off with < ESC > “H” so that line 70 can print in emphasized only. Finally, line 80 turn[...]

Table 5-8 Master Select and the 256 ASCII Codes Double-strike Pitch Normal Emphasizzd Double-strike kEmphasized ?ica 0, 2, 64 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 80, 24, 26, 28: 66, 128, 130, 14, 72, 74, 82, 144, 146, 30, 88, 90. 192, 194 76, 78, 136, 208, 210 92, 94, 152: 138, 140, 142, 154, 156, 158: 200, 202, 204, 216, 218, 220, 206 222 Elite 1, 3, 5, Elite take[...]

.-. SUMMARY Control code < ESC > “B” CHR$(4) < ESC > “B” CHR$(S) < ESC > “4” < ESC > “5” < ESC > “4” < ESC > “5” < ESC > “I” 1 < ESC > “I” 0 <ESC> “-” 1 <ESC> “-” 0 < ESC > “S” 0 < ESC> “S” 1 < ESC > “T” < ESC > ?[...]

CHAPTER 6 LINE SPACING AND FORMS CONTROL . We have learned how to print in many different ways, but so far we haven’t looked at how to position the printing on the page. In this chapter we will learn how to: l Change the vertical spacing l Change the length of the page l Set top and bottom margins STARTING NEW LINES Up until now the only time we [...]

will add the line feed for you. When you have DIP switch 2-3 off the printer will do the same thing when it receives a carriage return as it does when it receives a line feed. If you find that your printer double spaces when it should single space, then you probably need to turn DIP switch 2-3 on. - n Reverse line feeds Your SR-lo/15 printer has a [...]

: NEW 18 FOR I = 1 TO 25 20 IF I = 13 THEN 50 30 LPRINT CHR$(27) "A" CHR$(I); 4@ LPRINT "This line spacing is set to" I 50 NEXT 60 LPRINT "Line spacing is set to l/6 inch (normal)." 70 LPRINT CHR$(27) "2" This is what you will get: This line This line spacing is set to 10 This line spacing is s.et to 51 This [...]

Line 30 changes the line spacing. The command < ESC > “A” CHR$(n) changes the line spacing to n/72 of an inch. The loop that is started in line 10 increases the value of n (the variable I in the program) each time it is executed. So the line spacing in- creases as the program continues. Line 20 just shortcuts the loop when I = 13, since B[...]

(STAR mode) This line spacing is set to 19 This line spacing is set to 20 This line spacing is set to 21 This line spacing is set to 22 This line spacing is set to 23 This line spacing is set to 24 This line spacing is set to 25 Line s.pacing is set to l/6 inch Inomal). (IBM mode) This line This line Line spaci rm.31) . The program works just the s[...]

1 Function Table t -2 Line spacing c lmmands 1 Mode Control code spacing to l/8 inch STAR I- IBM <ESC> “0” I <ESC> “0” Set line spacing to 7172 inch - (not attached) Set line spacing to n/72 inch < ESC > “A” CHR$h) ..- - - - -- Set to <ESC > “A” definition 1 STAR (not attached) I IBM <ESC> “2” ~Setl[...]

without moving the printhead back to the left margin. The fol- lowing commands do just that. The < ESC > “J” CHR$(n) command causes the printer to make one line feed of n/144 inch (STAR mode), or n/216 inch (IBM mode), but does not change the setting of the line spacing. Try this program to see how it works: 10 'Demo one-time line fe[...]

The < ESC > “a” CHR$(n) command advances the paper n lines (using whatever the current line spacing is) without moving the printhead. Change line 40 and 50 of your program so that they are like this. 4p) 'Advance paper 3 lines. 50 LPRINT CHR$(27) "a" CHR$(3) ; Now when you run the program the results will look like this. Th[...]

40 'Form feed. 50 LPRINT CHR$(12) ; Before you run the program, turn your printer off and adjust the paper so that the top of the sheet is even with the top of the ribbon guide on the print head, then turn the printer back on. If you don’t remember how to do this, review Chapter 2. When you run the program, the results will look like this: 0[...]

Table 63 Form feed commands CHANGING THE PAGE LENGTH You may have some computer forms that you wish to use with SR- lo/ 15 that are not 11 inches high. That’s no problem, because you can tell SR-lo/15 how high the forms are that you are using. There are two commands for doing this, shown in this table: Table 6-4 Form length commands 11 Setthepage[...]

After you have run this program, turn off the printer and adjust the top of form position. When you turn the printer back on the page length will be reset to its normal setting (usually 11 inches). TOP AND BOTTOM MARGINS Many programs that use a printer don’t keep track of where they are printing on the page. This causes a problem when you get to[...]

10 'Demo top and bottom margins 20 LPRINT CHR$(12) ; 'Form feed. 30 FOR I = 1 TO 150 40 LPRINT "This is line" I 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT CHR$(12) ; 'Form feed. When you run this program it will print 150 lines right down the page and across the perforations. When it’s done line 60 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the [...]

< ESC > “0” < ESC > “1” < ESC > “2” < ESC > “J” CHR$(n) < ESC > “j” CHR$(n) -c ESC > “a” CHR$(n) < ESC > “A” CHR$(n) < ESC > “2” < ESC > “3” CHR$(n) < ESC > “J”CHR$(n) Set line spacing to l/8 inch Set line spacing to 7/72 inch Set line spacing to l/6 in[...]

< ESC > “j”CHR$(n) One-time reverse line feed of n/216 inch (for IBM mode) CHR$( 12) Form feed < ESC > CHR$( 12) Reverse form feed < ESC > “C” CHR$(n) Set page length to n lines < ESC > “C” CHR$(O) CHR$(n) Set page length to n inches < ESC > “R” CHR$(n) Set top margin; start printing on line n (for STAR[...]

I CHAPTER 7 FORMATTING YOUR OUTPUT *. Y. c “_ h You have probably used the tab and margin features on a typewriter. They make it easier to format the text on a page. SR-lo/15 also has tabs and margins that you can set. But it goes beyond the capabilities of a typewriter because besides having tabs that go across the page, called horizontal tabs, [...]

CHR$(9) is a problem with some computers. Some BASICS convert CHR$(9) to a group of spaces that act like a sort of pseudo-tab. This is fine if the computer and the printer have the same tab settings, but it doesn’t allow us to use our own tab settings on SR-10/15. We can “outsmart” these computer by adding 128 to the ASCII value that we use. [...]

Table 7-l Horizontal tab commands Function Mode Control code Advance to next tab position STAR CHR$(9) IBM CHRU9) L I I STAR < ESC > “D" CHR$(nl) CHR!$(n2)...CHR$(O) : ESC > “D" CHR$(nZ) t-r IBM .z CHR$(n2)...CHR$(O) Set tabs at nl, n2, etc. One-time tab of n spaces STAR <ESC> “b” CHR!$(n) IBM <ESC > “b”[...]

The first thing that this program does is to branch to the subroutine that starts in line 70. This subroutine prints 80 X’s in a row. The first time that the subroutine is used, all the X’s tit in one line. Then line 30 sets the left margin to 10, and line 40 sets the right margin to 70. Once again the subroutine is used, but this time the X’[...]

. . L L * m... Now, let’s set some vertical tabs of our own. Add. these lines to the program: 12 LPRINT CHR$(27) "P" CHR$(lfl) ; 14 LPRINT CHR$(2@) CHR$(4@) CHR$(50) CHR$(@) ; < ESC > “P” is the command to set vertical tabs for the STAR mode. Like the horizontal tab setting command, tab positions must be defined in ascending o[...]

This doesn’t confuse SR-10/15--it advances the paper to the next tab position which happens to be the first tab position on the next page. That’s nice, isn’t it? n A one-shot vertical tab command There’s a one-time vertical tab command that works just like the one-time horizontal tab command. It is < ESC > “a” CHR$(n), and it caus[...]

r i CHAPTER 8 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE SR-lo/15 In the previous chapters we have learned about several groups of control codes. In this chapter we will look at more control codes. These codes don’t fit neatly into any of the groupings that we have studied, but they add a lot of capability to SR-10/15. So here goes. Commands covered in this chapter[...]

to remind an operator to change the paper or to make another adjustment to the printer. Note to Apple users: Entering a CHR$(7) will sound AppZe’s bell; the code will not be sent to SR-10/15. You can try this by typing: LPRINT CHR$(7); There are two other codes that affect the bell. One disables the bell, so that SR-lo/15 will ignore a CHR$(7), a[...]

for the code to go on-line again. CHR$( 19) is the code to turn SR-IO/l5 off-line; CHR$( 17) returns SR-lo/15 to on-line status. n Printing to the bottom of the sheet Sometimes when you are using sprocket paper you may want to print near the bottom of the last sheet. The paper-out detector usually stops SR-lo/15 when you are about 3 inches from the[...]

n Backspace, delete, and cancel text Backspace (CHR$@)) “backs up” the printhead so that you can print two characters right on top of each other. Each time SR- 1 O/ 15 receives a backspace it moves the printhead one char- acter to the left, instead of to the right. You can strike over multiple letters by sending more than one backspace code. De[...]

n Unidirectional printing Unidirectional printing is a big word that means printing in one direction only. SR-lo/15 normally prints when the printhead is moving in both directions. But once in a while you may have an application where you are more concerned about how the vertical lines align than with how fast it prints. SR-lo/15 lets you make this[...]

again. Finally line 110 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of a new page, and then uses the master reset to restore SR-IO/l5 to the power-on condition. You can also set SR-lo/15 to print in one direction for one line only by using the command < ESC > “ < “. This command immediately moves the printhead to the left margin [...]

n Block graphics characters and special symbols Besides the upper and lower case letters and symbols that we are by now familiar with, SR-IO/l5 has a whole different set of characters that are for special uses. These characters include block graphics characters for drawing forms and graphs, and special symbols for mathematical, engineering and prof[...]

Figure 8-1. 2. 4 + 133 C 129 ii 138 P 139 i: 148 ij 14? b 158 pt 159 f 168 L 16s r 178 $$j .:.... 188 J 179 1 189 J 198 /- 2(:)f3 1 218 r 233 C 238 < 248 o 6 3 131 ;is: 141 i 15 1 111 161 i 171 !?’ 181 1 1Yl , 2 (:l 1 r 211 L 182 j 192 L ?(-)3 L L-A .- 212 L - Figure 8-2. 74[...]

134 A 144 I2 154 ti 164 iT 1 7 4 .<:: 184 , 194 l- 2!34 t 214 r 224 IX --I-r L .J 4 - ?! 244 c’ 254 I[...]

NEW 18 LPRINT CHR$(27) "9" 20 LPRINT CHR$(27) "6" 30 FOR J = 3 TO 6 40 LPRINT " " J CHR$(J) " "; 50 NEXT 60 LPRINT " 21 " CHR$(21) 70 LPRINT 80 FOR J = 128 TO 254 STEP 10 90 FOR I = J TO J + 9 95 IF I > 254 THEN 110 100 LPRINT I CHR$(I) " "; 110 NEXT I : LPRINT : LPRINT : NEXT J Figure [...]

SR-IO/15 is a multi-lingual printer for it can speak in eight languages! SR-lo/15 changes languages by changing 11 char- acters that are different for the different languages. These sets of characters are called international character sets. The control codes to select the international character sets are given in Table 8-5. The characters that cha[...]

Table 8-7 Macro instruction commands Function Define macro Use macro Mode Control code STAR < ESC > “ + “....codes you include...CHR$(30) IBM <ESC> “+“....codes you include...CHR!$(30) STAR < ESC > “!” IBM <ESC > “?.’ - 18 LPRINT CHR$(27) "+"; ' START DEFINITION OF MACRO 24) LPRINT CHR$(18); &a[...]

In this chapter we have learned many different commands that have many different uses. In the next chapter we will make up for this diversity-the whole chapter only covers three commands! But they are some of the most powerful that SR- lo/l5 offers. They give you the ability to create your own characters. SUMMARY Control code Function CHRS(7) Bell [...]

[...]

In this chapter we’ll cover: l Designing and printing your own characters l Designing proportional characters In the previous four chapters of this manual you’ve learned how to control the SR- lO/ 15 printer to give you dozens of different typefaces. By using various combinations of pitches, character weights, and font selections, you can creat[...]

0.0. 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0.0. Figure 9-l. The letter “C” is created by printing 15 dots. - descenders (such as the lower case “p” shown) use the bottom seven pins. As the printhead moves across the page (in either direction-that’s what is meant by bi-directional printing) it prints one column of dots at a time. Each time a dot is supposed to pr[...]

But there is another area of memory in the SR-lo/15 reserved for user-defined characters. These are characters that you design and download into SR-10/15. When download characters are defined they are stored in RAM (random access memory), which allows you to define or modify them at any time. Each of these characters, whether it is from the standar[...]

Figure 9-5. Later in this chapter we’ll use this character to create a small graph.) You’ll notice that Figure 9-4 includes a lot of information around the grid. Don’t be intimidated; we’ll explain each item as we come to it in our discussion of defining and actually printing download characters. You may have noticed another difference betw[...]

character uses the top eight dots, write in a one next to the word “Descender” on the layout grid; if it uses the bottom eight dots, write in a zero. In our example, we’ll want the bottom of the flask to line up with the baseline of the other characters, so it will not be a descender. As shown in Figure 9-5, we’ve written in a “1” on ou[...]

128 64 32 16 8 btal ASCII Code WRONG! Descender Start column End column M, = Descender * 128 + (Start l 16) + End Figure 9-6. Dots cannot overlap; those in immediately adjacent “half columns” will be ignored when the character is printed. n Add up each column of dots Now it’s time to give our creative side a break and get down to some basic a[...]

._ . L.. c value. Some examples will make this clearer. As shown in Figure 9-7, if we add the numbers for the dots that print in a column, the sum will be a number in the range of 0 to 255. Each number from O-255 represents a unique combination of dots. So add up the values of the dots in each column using this system. In Figure 9-8 we’ve shown o[...]

can define any positions except the defined control code positions. This means that once a character is defined and assigned a value (and the download character set is selected), you can use that character on the printer the same way you would any standard character. You can send the character with the same ASCII value (for instance, if you had ass[...]

Our chart would hardly be complete with just a picture of a chemist’s flask, so in Figure 9-9 we’ve made completed grids for some other symbols: an automobile and a gun (quite a strange mix of characters!). The information on the grids is now complete (except for proportional width data-a more advanced topic we’ll take up shortly). n Download[...]

We’ll be discussing proportional character widths in detail later in this chapter; for now, we’ll leave it at 11. The descender data was discussed earlier: to use the top eight pins, this bit should be 1; to use the bottom eight pins this bit should be 0. Figure 9-10 shows the bits of the attribute byte as we’ll use them for our flask charact[...]

10 LPRINT CHR$(27) "*" CHR$(l) CHR$(160) CHRS(162); 20 FOR N = 160 TO 162 30 FOR M = 0 TO 11 40 READ MM 50 LPRINT CHR$(MM); 60 NEXT M 70 NEXT N 80 LPRINT 90 DATA 139,2,5,8,241,0,0,241,8,5,2,0 100 DATA 139,124,0,66,4,64,36,16,2,16,12,0 110 DATA 139,46,16,2,60,0,48,0,48,0,48,0 When you run this program, it looks like nothing happens. That?[...]

Voila! It should have printed out the three characters we de- fined. Your printout should look like this: (If it doesn’t, check the last program we ran for errors, then rerun it.) Let’s find out if there are any other characters in the download RAM. Try this program: 10 LPRINT CHR$(2i') "$1" 20 FOR I=33 TO 126 : LPRINT CHR$(I); :[...]

. . L . . . . h . L L . . *, 140 LPRINT ESC$ "$1"; 150 LPRINT wAutos" TB$; 164) FOR I=.4 TO 9.3 STEP .4 : LPRINT CHR$(161); : NEXT 170 LPRINT 180 LPRINT "Chemicals" TB$; 190 FOR I=.4 TO 8.7 STEP .4 : LPRINT CHR$(160); : !; : NEXT 200 LPRINT 210 LPRINT "Guns" TB$; 220 FOR I=.4 TO 1.4 STEP .4 : LPRINT CHR$(162 NEXT [...]

ERASING DOWNLOAD CHARACTER DEFINITIONS After you have defined a set of characters (a whole new al- phabet, perhaps) you may want to go back to using mostly standard characters with a few new user-defined characters mixed in. Rather than turning SR-lo/15 off (which erases all of the current settings, including download characters), you can send a co[...]

Figure 9-12. These download characters are defined as proportional characters. attribute byte, m0. As you know, the first bit of mO is used to specify whether the character is a descender or not. The next three bits are used to specify the starting print column (acceptable values are 0 to 7). The last four bits specify the ending print column (acce[...]

10 FOR N=l TO 4 20 READ Nl 30 LPRINT CHR$(27) "*" CHR$(l) CHR$(Nl) CHR$(Nl); 40 FOR M=@ TO 11 50 READ MM 60 LPRINT CHR$(MM); 70 NEXT M 80 NEXT N 90 LPRINT " Mississippi" 100 LPRINT 110 LPRINT "Standard characters without proportional spacing" 1241 LPRINT 139) LPRINT 140 LPRINT CHR$(27) "$1" " Mississippi[...]

One thing to remember about defining proportional characters: a character cannot be wider than the specified width. That seems obvious enough! For example, if you specify a width of 6 for a character (starting in column 1 and ending in column 6), the seventh through eleventh columns of dots (if you specified any) will not print. You must, however, [...]

In the program that follows, we’ve used this technique to create some large numbers. Each digit is actually made up of four characters-two horizontally by two vertically. This means, of course, that you must define and print four characters for each finished digit. We assigned the upper left quadrant of each digit to ASCII codes from 160 to 169, [...]

130 READ MS 140 PRINT i/l, CHR$(MS); 150 NEXT S 160 NEXT I 170 ' 180 ASCII = 160 'START OF DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS 190 FOR NUM = 0 TO 9 'NUMERALS 0 TO 9 200 NUMERAL.TOP$(NUM) = CHR$(ASCII + 0) + CHR$(ASCII + 1) 214) NUMERAL.BOT$(NUM) = CHR$(ASCII + 2) + CHR$(ASCII + 3) 2241 ASCII = ASCII + 4 230 NEXT NUM 240 BLANKS = CHR$(200) 250 PRINT [...]

500 DATA 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 64, 32, 64, 32 510 DATA 11, 68, 42, 68., 58, 68, 50, 68, 34, 64, 2, 0 520 DATA 11, 8, 0, 12, 0, 28, 2, 12, 2, 4, 2, 4 530 DATA 11, 2, 4, 2, 12, 144, 108, 144, 104, 144, 96, 128 540 'FOUR 550 DATA 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 36, 30, 4, 8 560 DATA 11, 0, 0, 2, 4, 2, 28, 2, 60, 64, 48, 0 570 DATA 11, 0, 16, 32, 80,[...]

s j :’ 810 DATA 11, 192, 0, 192, 0, 194, 32, 222, 32, 94, 32, 30 820 DATA 11, 12, 0, 28, 0, 142, 0, 198, 0, 198, 0, 198 830 DATA 11, 0, 206, 0, 156, 0, 248, 0, 240, 0, 224, 0 840 'SPACE 850 DATA 11, 8, 0, 8, 0, 0, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8 SUMMARY Control code Function < ESC> “*” 1 nl n2 mO ml . ..mZl Defines download character into RAM (fo[...]

. -- - -- - - - - -[...]

CHAPTER 10 PRINTING WITH DOT GRAPHICS Subjects covered in this chapter include: l SR-10/15’s bit image graphics capabilities l Printing a pre-defined shape l Plotting a calculated shape l High resolution graphics COMPARING DOT GRAPHICS WITH DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS A good understanding of dot graphics requires an under- standing of how dot matrix prin[...]

(if you’re not sure which type of interface your computer has, check the appendix for your computer). So when do you use graphics and when do you use download characters? Practically anything you can do with graphics you can do with download characters, and vice versa. A clever pro- grammer could actually plot a mathematical curve using down- loa[...]

it’s possible to have a graphics image as wide as 480 dots on SR-10 or 816 dots on SR- 15. So to figure out how many columns of graphics data to expect, SR-lo/15 multiplies n2 by 256 and adds the value of nl. If you divide the number of columns by 256, then n2 is the quotient and nl is the remainder (why not let your computer figure it out for yo[...]

0 0 0 :1 8 0 $ 0 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 (nit used) Figure 10-l. Starting with the most significant bit at the top, each pm of the print head is assigned a value which is a power of two. Note that for 7-bit computers, the top pin cannot be used. A short program should demonstrate how to implement the graphics command. The program below gave us this prin[...]

I j n Combining text and graphics It’s also possible to mix text and graphics in one line. This can be useful for labeling charts or graphs, or even inserting fancy graphics in text. Try adding these lines to our program: 45 PRINT #l,"WOW!" ; 85 PRINT #l,"This is great!" ; Now if you run the program you should get a printout t[...]

32, etc.) down the left side of each row. Then after you’ve filled in the “dots” that you want to print, it’s time to get out the old calculator again! Just as you did with download characters, add up the values of each column of dots; this makes up one byte. In the program below, we’ve taken the logo graphics infor- mation and put it int[...]

60 GRAPHICS = CHR$(27)+CHR$(75) 70 DIM LOG0$(4) 80 WIDTH "LPT1:",255 90 ' READ DATA 100 FOR ROW = 1 TO 4 110 FOR COLUMN = 1 TO 100 120 READ P 130 LOGO$(ROW) = LOGO$(ROW) + CHR$(P) 140 NEXT COLUMN 150 NEXT ROW 160 ' PRINT LOGO 170 LPRINT LINE.8$; 180 FOR ROW = 1 TO 4 190 LPRINT GRAPHIC$;CHR$(l00);CHR$(0); 200 LPRINT LOGO$(ROW) 21[...]

500 DATA 252,255,255,255,127,63,31,7,7,31 510 DATA 254,252,248,224,128,0,0,3,7,7 520 DATA 7,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 530 DATA 0,31,31,3,129,128,192,192,192,192 540 DATA 192,224,224,224,224,240,255,255,255,255 550 DATA 255,127,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 560 'ROW4 570 DATA 0,248,248,240,224,224,112,112,56,56 - 580 DATA 56,56,56,120,120,240,240,224,224,192 590 DAT[...]

I / and SR-lo/15 plotting the output, you can come up with some terrific business graphs, charts, and mathematical function plots. The best way to do this is to set up an array in memory. This is your “graph paper.” The first thing to do is to determine how big you want your output to be; this will determine the size of your array. (If you have[...]

I : ._,,’ . . . ,_ .- 270 ' 280 'Subroutine to draw a line from Xl,Yl to X2,Y2. 290 ' 300 XL = x2 - xl : YL = Y2 - Yl 310 NX = ABS(XL*LXFAC) : NY = ABS(YL*LYFAC) 320 IF NX < NY THEN NX = NY 330 NS% = INT(NX+l) 340 DX = XL/NS% : DY = YL/NS% 350 FOR 1% = 1 TO NS% 360 Xl = Xl + DX : Yl = Yl + DY 370 GOSUB 400 380 NEXT 1% 390 RETURN[...]

you need to change are the values in line 40. The array MASK% contains the values of the dots. (In order to make this program run on the most computers, we’re using only six pins for graphics. With many computers, you can use all eight available pins.) In lines 90 and 100 we’ve defined some other variables you’ll be interested in: LX, LXFAC, [...]

at a time. The variable A$ is used to build a string of all the columns of BIT% in a given row. As you can see, by taking the program in small pieces and analyzing it, graphics programming does not have to be difficult. If you want to try some other plots, try these (replace lines after 600 with the lines below). The printouts from each program are[...]

HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS Up until now all of the dot graphics printing we have done has been with SR-10/15’s normal density mode. This can give you some pretty sharp images at great speed. Sometimes though, you may want to create an image with even higher resolution. SR- lo/l5 has seven graphics modes you can use; they’re sum- marized in Table [...]

Table 10-2 Dot graphics commands - - - - or < ESC > “*” CHR$(3) nl - - - Note: If your computer does not support lowercase characters, use CHR$(103), CHR$(121), and CHR$(122) for “g”, “y”, and “z”, re- spectively. 116[...]

‘. Double density graphics ‘x-- Double density/double speed ‘. . . Quadruple density graphics ---.[...]

So if quadruple density looks so great, why not use it all the time? Let’s try an experiment on your printer which will show just how the different density modes work. Using the “logo” program in this chapter, change line 60 to try each of the different modes. Just change the “CHR$(75)” to “g” + CHR$(l), “g” + CHR$(2), “g” + C[...]

Star’s engineers have given programmers a unique shortcut for program development though-double density double speed graphics. Although this mode requires just as much memory and computing time as double density, it prints at the same speed as normal density graphics. Amazing, you say? Well, it is-until you know the secret. Every other column of [...]

< ESC > ‘2” nl n2 ml m2... Print quadruple density graphics (for IBM mode) < ESC > “g” n0 nl n2 ml m2... Master graphics selection (for STAR mode) < ESC > 3” n0 nl n2 ml m2... Master graphics selection (for IBM mode) 120 -[...]